The Air Rescue Service was initially established in 1946 under the Air Transport Command, just prior to the U.S. Air Force's designation as a separate service in 1947, and it continued to serve the U.S. Air Force proudly as both ARS and ARRS during the Korean War and Vietnam War, as well as during the Cold War. Rescue's worth was proven time and again: 996 combat saves in Korea and 2,780 in Southeast Asia. The crews, both fixed-wing and helicopter, had but one motto: "These things we do that others may live."  ARRS returned to its former name of ARS in 1989 and was disestablished in 1993, following the disestablishment of Military Airlift Command and the dispersal of legacy USAF search and rescue (SAR) forces among the Air Combat Command (ACC), the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) and Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), to include those Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) and Air National Guard (ANG) rescue units operationally-gained by these MAJCOMs. The current structure and strength of search and rescue in today's U.S. Air Force is focused primarily on combat search and rescue (CSAR) and Personnel Recovery (PR) and is greatly reduced from the air rescue force structure that served from 1946 through the end of the Vietnam Era.

Combat Rescue Officer (CRO) is a career field in the United States Air Force. Its Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) is 13D and it was created to strengthen USAF personnel recovery capabilities. The CRO specialty includes direct combatant command and control of Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) operations. They plan, manage and execute the six tasks of CSAR: prepare, report, locate, support, recover, and reintegrate isolated personnel and materiel. CROs conduct strategic, operational and tactical level planning, provide battle staff expertise, manage theater personnel recovery operations and conduct combat operations. Pararescuemen, also known as PJs (Pararescue Jumpers), are United States Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) and Air Combat Command (ACC) operatives tasked with recovery and medical treatment of personnel in humanitarian and combat environments. These special operations units are also used to support NASA missions and have been used to recover astronauts after water landings. They are attached to other SOF teams from all branches to conduct other operations as appropriate. Of the 22 enlisted Air Force Cross recipients, 12 are Pararescuemen. They wear the maroon beret as a symbol of their elite status, and to symbolize the blood shed by past PJs, as well as the blood current PJs are willing to shed to save lives. Part of the little-known Air Force Special Operations community and long an enlisted preserve, the Pararescue service began commissioning Combat Rescue Officers early in the 21st century. "The symbol of the green feet from the jolly green giant," explained Staff Sgt. Roger Brown, a 56th Helicopter Maintenance Unit dedicated crew chief. "The green feet symbol is from retired Chief Master Sgt. Wayne Fisk. He wanted a symbol that everyone could recognize and remember, and he came up with the green feet." 

Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) is a specialized, high-risk military mission dedicated to locating, identifying, and recovering isolated or downed personnel, particularly aircrew in enemy territory, under the motto "That Others May Live". Primarily executed by the U.S. Air Force using HH-60W Jolly Green Giant helicopters, HC-130J Combat King II planes, and specialized Pararescuemen (PJs), the mission operates in contested environments to prevent personnel from being captured. 

Key Components of CSAR Operations

• Personnel Recovery Team: Air Force Pararescuemen (PJs) and Combat Rescue Officers (CROs) are experts in battlefield medicine, technical rescue, and combat tactics, often considered a part of the special operations community.
• Specialized Assets: Missions utilize the HC-130J Combat King II for aerial refueling and command, and HH-60W Pave Hawk helicopters for tactical extraction.
• "Guardian Angel" Weapon System: A human-centric weapons system comprising PJs, CROs, and SERE (Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape) specialists who deploy to recover personnel.
• The Mission Pipeline: The process involves detecting the isolated person, locating them (often via electronic signals), sanitizing the area, and inserting forces for recovery. 

Operational Context

• High-Threat Environments: CSAR is conducted under dangerous, often dark conditions to avoid detection by enemy forces.
• Beyond Aircrews: While focused on pilot recovery, CSAR forces also perform unconventional warfare, casualty evacuation (CASEVAC), and recovery of personnel in peacetime or war.
• Training & Selection: Pararescuemen endure one of the most intense training pipelines, covering diving, parachuting, survival, and medical training (paramedic certification). 

History

• Combat rescue began in WWII with specialized boat units and was significantly developed during the Vietnam War, utilizing helicopters to recover pilots in hostile territory. 

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