JERUSALEM HEROD'S TEMPLE ISRAEL 1738 DE PUTTER UNUSUAL ANTIQUE ORIGINAL MAP

The View and Elevetion of the Temple of Jerusalem rebuild by Herod the Great.
                                    

Description: Striking and highly detailed fine unusual copper engraving illustrating the reconstruction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem based on the theories of the Spanish Jesuit Juan Bautista Villalpando.
 
Villalpando published his monumental architectural reconstruction of the temple in his treatise In Ezechielem explanationes between 1596 and 1604, greatly influencing European Baroque architecture.
 
The image is a copperplate print showing several architectural views, including the east façade and a section of the sanctuary, highlighting the complex proportions hypothesized by the scholar.
 
The Second Temple (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ‎ הַשֵּׁנִי‎, romanized: Bēṯ hamMīqdāš hašŠēnī, lit. 'Second House of the Sanctum') was the temple in Jerusalem that replaced Solomon's Temple, which was destroyed during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. The Second Temple was constructed around 516 BCE and later enhanced by Herod the Great around 18 BCE, consequently also being known as Herod's Temple thereafter. Defining the Second Temple period and standing as a pivotal symbol of Jewish identity, it was the basis and namesake of Second Temple Judaism. The Second Temple served as the chief place of worship, ritual sacrifice (korban), and communal gathering for the Jewish people, among whom it regularly attracted pilgrims for the Three Pilgrimage Festivals: Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot.
 
Herod's Temple (or Second Temple) was the grandiose expansion of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, commissioned by Herod the Great around 20 BC. Considered one of the wonders of the ancient world, it was devastated and razed to the ground by the Romans in 70 AD during the siege of Jerusalem. Herod's reconstruction was a titanic undertaking. The complex was distinguished by several features: The Esplanade: Herod doubled the area of ​​the Temple Mount by building enormous retaining walls, creating an immense terrace surrounding the sanctuary. The Splendor: The main building was doubled in height compared to the original and was covered with white stone slabs and gold details that, in the sun, dazzled the eye. The Restricted Areas: Access was strictly divided into courtyards. Only the high priests could enter the Holy of Holies, the innermost part where the Ark of the Covenant was once kept. Today, the imposing western retaining wall of the esplanade is the only visible remnant and is known throughout the world as the Wailing Wall (or Western Wall), a sacred Jewish place of prayer. 

Date: 1738 ( undated )

Dimension: Paper size approx.: cm 42,3 x 31,1

Condition: Very strong and dark impression on good paper partially sticked on board on the verso. Paper with chains. Map uncolored. Small foxing and browning. Sheet folded. Conditions are as you can see in the images.
 
Engravers: Juan Bautista Villalpando also Villalpandus, or Villalpanda (1552 – 22 May 1608) was a Spanish priest of Sephardic ancestry, a member of the Jesuits, a scholar, mathematician, and architect. Villalpando was born in Córdoba, Spain, in 1552. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1575 and for the Society he designed several buildings including the Cathedral in Baeza and San Hermenegildo Church in Seville. He studied geometry and architecture with Juan de Herrera, the architect of Philip II of Spain. After ordination, he specialised in the exegesis of the Old Testament. In 1596, he published the first volume of Ezechielem Explanationes, or Commentary on Ezekiel a work begun by Jerónimo del Prado, who died the year prior. Villalpando was accused of heresy, but a review of his beliefs and writings by the Spanish Inquisition found him innocent. That same year he travelled to Rome where he published additional volumes in 1604. He died there on 22 May 1608.
 
Little is known about Dutch printmaker A. de Putter and few examples of his work are known. He was working as an engraver in Amsterdam during the first half of the 18th century. In addition to his engraving ‘Prospect of the Cathedral Church of St Paul's, London’, he engraved a ‘View of the Town Hall in Amsterdam’ (1719), ‘Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem‘(c.1738) and illustrations to the writings of the French Benedictine Antoine Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) and the French polymath Louis Bourguet (1678-1742).