A starter (also self-starter, cranking motor, or starter motor) is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power. Starters can be electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic. In the case of very large engines, the starter can even be another internal-combustion engine.

Internal combustion engines are feedback systems, which, once started, rely on the inertia from each cycle to initiate the next cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the third stroke releases energy from the fuel, powering the fourth (exhaust) stroke and also the first two (intake, compression) strokes of the next cycle, as well as powering the engine's external load. To start the first cycle at the beginning of any particular session, the first two strokes must be powered in some other way than from the engine itself. The starter motor is used for this purpose and it is not required once the engine starts running and its feedback loop becomes self-sustaining.

Starter installation
Clean the armature and external drive mechanism with gasoline first. After cleaning, check whether the drive is flexible; when installing, apply graphite grease between the friction plates of the friction clutch, and apply organic oil to the threaded filament part; the starter is installed on the engine, and the distance between the end face of the driving gear and the plane of the flywheel is 3 5 mm is appropriate to ensure that the gears mesh correctly.

Fault check
The starter often has failures and phenomena that cannot rotate or rotate slowly. In this case, check the following aspects:

1. The battery has no electricity or the electricity is weak, so the starter cannot rotate or rotate slowly.

2. The starter thread is loose or off, and the switch or adsorption switch fails.

3. The brush is worn out or the brush surface is not correct, and the spring is weak, resulting in poor contact of the rectifier.

4. Excitation coil or armature coil is short-circuited or disconnected.

5. The rectifier is fouled and the mica sheet is protruding, causing poor contact between the brush and the rectifier.

Organization maintenance
In the process of starting the engine, the starter must draw in 344~400Ah from the battery. Therefore, in order to prevent the battery from over-current or damage, the starting time should not exceed 5s. In winter, it is easy to start difficult to start. Multiple starting times should not be too long, and appropriate intervals should be left in each starting.

Item Specifications:

• Unit Type: Starter
• Part Type: UNIT
• Voltage: 12
• Rotation: CCW
• Teeth: 9
• KW: 1.1
• Starter Type: PMGR
• Brief: VW 1992-02 w/PLASTIC IGN. TERMINAL
• ARROWHEAD: SBO0016
• ARROWHEAD (OEM): IS0854, IS9409, MS234, MS371
• BOSCH: 0-001-107-020, 0-001-107-021, 0-001-107-052, 0-001-107-053
• BOSCH REMAN EUROPE: 0-986-016-290
• CARGO: 111748
• J & N: 410-24006
• LESTER: 17415
• LETRIKA (ISKRA) AFTERMARKET: IS 0854, IS 9409
• MAHLE: MS234, MS371
• NSA: STR-2019
• VOLKSWAGEN: 020-911-023A, 020-911-023J, 020-911-023N
• WAI: 2-1534-BO

Fitment:

Troubleshooting Guide:

* Battery - No Crank Condition
Ensure the Battery is fully charged (12.6 volts) and is the correct size for the vehicle
Use a Battery Tester to test the condition of your battery

* Terminals / Cables - Slow Crank Condition
Clean terminals with a Battery Cleaner and Battery Terminal Cleaner Tool
Make sure all connections are tight and replace frayed / corroded Battery Cables

* Switches - No Noise / No Start
Check Ignition Switch and wiring from switch to solenoid
Check Neutral Safety Switch

* Flywheel / Shims - Free Spinning / Noisy Starter
Check Flywheel and pinion for damage or wear
Check Starter Motor Shims and Starter Bolts for proper alignment and torque