British merchant tokens of the 18th and 19th centuries, also known as trade tokens, were privately issued coins used to supplement official currency due to shortages. These tokens were widely circulated in the late 18th century (mainly 1787–1797) and again in the early 19th century (1811–1812).

18th-Century Tokens (Conder Tokens)

• Named after James Conder, an early cataloguer.
• Issued due to a severe shortage of small change (especially copper coins).
• Typically made of copper or bronze.
• Used by merchants, manufacturers, and even towns to facilitate local trade.
• Designs often featured:
  • Company names, businesses, or local landmarks.
  • Slogans promoting industry and commerce.
  • Political messages, including satirical depictions of King George III or support for reform movements.

19th-Century Tokens

• Issued primarily during the Napoleonic Wars (1811–1812) when official coins were again in short supply.
• Often produced by businesses needing change for transactions.
• Typically had a more utilitarian design compared to the earlier, more artistic Conder tokens.

Key Collectible Tokens

• Parys Mine Company Tokens (issued by the Anglesey-based copper mine).
• Birmingham Workhouse Tokens (used for paying workers).
• Druids' Tokens (featuring a druid's head, commonly used in Wales).
• Political Tokens (featuring Thomas Paine, anti-slavery messages, or satirical images of government figures).