Nice map titled Agrandissement de la Russie d'Asie au detriment de la  Chine, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 17.5 x 16.5 cm, image size approx. 11 x 8.5 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron.

Treaty of Nerchinsk

(1689), peace settlement between Russia and the Manchu Chinese  empire that checked Russia's eastward expansion by removing its outposts from  the Amur River basin. By the treaty's terms Russia lost easy access to the Sea  of Okhotsk and Far Eastern markets but secured its claim to Transbaikalia (the  area east of Lake Baikal) and gained the right of passage to Beijing for its  trade caravans. The border between the two countries was set along the Stanovoy  Range and the Argun River. A success for V.V. Golitsyn's foreign policy, the  treaty prevented Russia's potential military defeat and gained China's implied  recognition of Russia as a state of equal status, an accomplishment not achieved  by other European countries. Confirmed and expanded by the Treaty of Kyakhta  (1727), the Nerchinsk treaty remained the basis of Russo-Chinese relations until  1858–60.

Treaty of Aigun

The Treaty of Aigun (Russian: Айгунский договор; simplified Chinese: 瑷珲条约;  traditional Chinese: 璦琿條約; pinyin: Àihún Tiáoyuē) was an 1858 treaty between the  Russian Empire, and the empire of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu rulers of China,  that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and  Manchuria (the original homeland of the Manchu people and the Qing Dynasty),  which is now known as Northeast China. It reversed the Treaty of Nerchinsk  (1689) by transferring the land between the Stanovoy Range and the Amur River  from China (Qing Empire) to the Russian Empire. Russia received over 600,000  square kilometres (231,660 sq mi) from China.