Bac Lieu Province, located in the Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam, was crucial for several reasons. The Mekong Delta was a vital area due to its rich agricultural resources, including rice, which was essential for sustaining the local population and the war effort. Control over this region meant controlling a significant portion of the country's food supply, which had direct implications for both military and civilian life.

Phuoc Long and nearby areas like An Xuyen were key to maintaining control over this fertile region. The delta's extensive network of rivers and canals made it an ideal location for guerilla tactics and mobility. The Viet Cong utilized the delta's complex waterway system to their advantage, using it for movement and logistics while challenging the South Vietnamese and American forces' ability to maintain control.

The Mekong Delta's strategic value was also amplified by its role in the broader supply routes. The region was a key entry point for supplies and support flowing from Cambodia and other neighboring countries, which were crucial for sustaining the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong operations.

Furthermore, the region experienced significant conflict and upheaval due to its importance. The presence of various military bases and frequent clashes between opposing forces characterized the Mekong Delta during the war. The complex geography of the delta, combined with its economic significance, made it a focal point for both military strategy and guerilla warfare.