JAPAN

Banknote

Hansatsu

Osaka

"Kawa-izumi Ryōkoku note"

Silver 3 Momme

(1866)

FRONT

・銀三匁（Silver 3 Momme）　

・御用所（Originally meaning “guarantor,” it later came to refer to an issuing office or issuer）　

BACK

・河泉両国（Kawa-izumi Ryōkoku）

・引替所（The exchange office）

・堺銀札方（Sakai Silver Note Office）

👹 Kawa-izumi Ryōgoku 👹 

　During the Edo period, Kawa-izumi Ryōgoku referred to a region in the vicinity of present-day Tamba City, Hyōgo Prefecture. The name combines “Kawa-izumi,” likely related to rivers or water sources, with “Ryōgoku,” meaning “two districts” or “two villages.”

　The area was primarily agricultural, with rice cultivation forming the basis of local production. At the same time, its location along inland transportation routes and waterways facilitated commerce and exchange with nearby castle towns and markets. Merchants involved in currency exchange and other commercial activities operated in the region, making it an important center for monetary and credit transactions.

　In relation to hansatsu (domain notes), villages within Kawa-izumi Ryōgoku sometimes acted as guarantors or circulation points. Notes bearing the name “Kawa-izumi Ryōgoku” indicate that their acceptance and circulation relied on the trust of local inhabitants and merchants.

👹 The Osaka area, including Kawa-izumi, had an exceptional variety of bills, most of which were private (merchant) bills or village bills. The merchants who issued them were wealthy and possessed considerable financial power, so the value and credibility of these bills were comparable to those issued by domains.

👹 The issuance of Osaka bills was so prolific that the shogunate even attempted to restrict it. However, Osaka merchants strongly opposed the measure, and those who had been supplying the shogunate with rice and shōyu (soy sauce) stopped doing so, forcing the shogunate to withdraw its restrictions.

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