JAPAN
Banknote
Hansatsu
Yamatonokuni
"Shibamura Domain Note"
Silver 1 Momme
(1745)
FRONT
・銀壹匁（Silver 1 Momme）
・延享弐年丙寅（Enkyō 2, 1745）
・五月吉祥日（An auspicious day in May, issued in May）
BACK
・和州芝村（Washū Shiba-mura）
・札所（Issuing office for domain notes）
・龍見四郎右衛門（Tatsumi Shirōemon, guarantor of this note）
・酒屋宗八郎（Sakaya Sōhachirō, guarantor of this note）
・的場長兵衛（Matoba Chōbei, guarantor of this note）
・To prevent counterfeiting, the bills were covered with intricate illustrations and patterns that were difficult to reproduce.
・Several finely crafted seals were stamped on the note as an additional measure against counterfeiting.
・During the Edo period, Nara developed into a center of commerce. In particular, industries such as Nara-zarashi (a type of bleached hemp cloth), sake brewing, ink production, armor making, and ittōbori (single-knife wood carving) flourished, attracting numerous wholesalers and craftsmen. In addition, large numbers of pilgrims visited temples and shrines such as Kasuga Taisha and Tōdai-ji, keeping inns and teahouses bustling. As a result, Nara grew into a city where commerce and culture were closely intertwined.
・Although this bill was essentially a simple village note, it appears to have been one of the most widely used of its kind, and could be accepted not only in Nara but also as far away as Osaka and even Edo.
・At the bottom of the note, a strange four-legged creature with multiple horns on its head and back is depicted. This is the Hakutaku, a mythical beast from Chinese legend. It is said to have six horns and nine eyes, to understand human speech, to appear during the reign of wise rulers, and to possess the power to ward off disease.
🏯 Shibamura Domain 🏯
Overview
Shibamura Domain was a small 10,000-koku feudal domain that existed during the Edo period, centered in Shiki District of Yamato Province (present-day Shibamura, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).
The domain was ruled throughout the Edo period, from its establishment until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, by the Oda clan (the lineage of Oda Nagamasu).
This branch of the Oda family descended from Oda Nagamasu (Urakusai), the younger brother of Oda Nobunaga.
Oda Urakusai was famous not only as a samurai warrior but also as a master of the tea ceremony. The name of present-day Yurakucho in Tokyo is traditionally said to have originated from his residence in the area.
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1. Establishment of Shibamura Domain (Kaijū Domain Period)
The history of Shibamura Domain began in 1615 (Genna 1).
After the fall of the Toyotomi clan at the Siege of Osaka, the Tokugawa shogunate reorganized the feudal domains throughout Japan. At that time, Oda Nagamasa (Oda Nagamasu’s fourth son) was granted approximately 10,000 koku of land in Shiki District, Yamato Province.
The domain established by Oda Nagamasa was originally known as:
Kaijū Domain (Kaijū-han)
The domain headquarters was located at Kaijū (present-day Kaijū, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture), and the Oda family ruled as a jinya lord, meaning they governed from a fortified residence rather than a castle.
During the Edo period, smaller domains of around 10,000 koku were generally not permitted to build castles, and instead used jinya as their administrative centers.
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2. Relocation to Shibamura
In 1745 (Enkyō 2), during the rule of the 5th lord, Oda Sukeyoshi, the administrative center of the domain was moved from Kaijū to Shibamura.
After this relocation, the domain became known as:
Shibamura Domain
Shibamura was located in the eastern part of the Nara Basin and had long been an important transportation area. It was situated along routes connecting Nara and Ise, and the region prospered through commerce and the movement of people.
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3. Rule by the Oda Clan
The most distinctive feature of Shibamura Domain was that it was ruled by a branch of the Oda family, descendants of Oda Nobunaga, throughout the Edo period.
However, the Oda family of Shibamura Domain was not descended from Nobunaga’s direct heir line (the Oda Nobukatsu branch), but rather from Oda Urakusai’s lineage.
Urakusai supported the Tokugawa side during the Battle of Sekigahara, and as a result, his family was allowed to continue as a feudal lord family under the Tokugawa shogunate.
The Shibamura Oda family maintained the domain in Yamato Province for many generations and enjoyed a certain level of trust from the shogunate.
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4. Finances and Domain Notes (Hansatsu)
As a small 10,000-koku domain, Shibamura Domain faced financial difficulties, especially during the late Edo period.
Like many other domains, it issued its own hansatsu (domain notes) as a measure to address shortages of currency and support economic activity within its territory.
Shibamura Domain notes circulated as paper money backed by exchanges with commodities such as rice or silver coins.
These notes generally featured:
• The name of the issuing domain
• The denomination (gold, silver, or copper values)
• Seals of the domain lord or official offices
• Anti-counterfeiting features
Today, hansatsu are valuable historical materials that provide insight into the economic activities and financial systems of the Edo period.
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5. Shibamura Domain at the End of the Edo Period
During the final years of the Edo period, Shibamura Domain moved closer to the Imperial court and the new government rather than remaining loyal to the Tokugawa shogunate.
In 1863 (Bunkyū 3), when the Tenchū-gumi, an armed group supporting the imperial restoration movement, launched an uprising in Yamato Province, Shibamura Domain participated in the forces sent to suppress the rebellion.
After the Meiji Restoration, the domain accepted the authority of the new government.
In 1871 (Meiji 4), following the abolition of the feudal domain system, Shibamura Domain was dissolved. Its territory briefly became Shibamura Prefecture before being incorporated into Nara Prefecture.
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