When purchasing a regular two-wheel electric vehicle with a board-mounted Hall sensor, it is necessary to distinguish the angle degrees indicated on the controller, which may be 120 degrees or 60 degrees. If using an intelligent controller, both 120 degrees and 60 degrees can be used, but it is recommended to use 120 degrees. Most factory-installed electric vehicles come with 120 degrees angle sensors. However, when purchasing a single Hall sensor or a three-wheel Hall sensor without wires, there is no need to distinguish between angle degrees.
When the motor produces loud noises, lacks power, experiences stuttering, shakes but does not rotate, or is weak when spinning freely unattached from the ground, and the speed is significantly slower than normal, or if the motor does not rotate even when other components are functioning correctly, it can be generally assumed that the Hall sensor has an issue. (These indications are only general guidelines and may not be 100% accurate. It is recommended to use a multimeter for precise testing.)
1. Resistance measurement (disconnect from the controller and power off before testing): Set the multimeter to the diode test setting, connect the red probe to the black wire, and the other probe to the yellow, green, and blue wires. The normal resistance value should be between 50-700 ohms, and the values from the yellow, green, and blue wires should be similar, with a difference not exceeding 20 ohms. Any significant deviation may indicate damage.
2. Voltage measurement (disconnect from the controller and power off before testing): Set the multimeter to the 20V voltage testing setting, connect the red probe to the black wire, and the black probe to the yellow, green, and blue wires. Rotate the tire while testing; the voltage should fluctuate around 0-5V. The voltages from the three wires should be similar. If there is a substantial difference or no voltage detected, it indicates a malfunction.
1. Resistance measurement (powered on): Set the multimeter to the diode test setting, connect the red probe to the black wire, and the other probe to the yellow, green, and blue wires. The normal resistance value should be between 50-700 ohms, and the values from the yellow, green, and blue wires should be similar, with a difference not exceeding 20 ohms considered normal. Any significant deviation may indicate damage.
2. Voltage measurement (powered on): Set the multimeter to the 20V voltage testing setting, connect the red probe to the black wire, and the other probe to the yellow, green, and blue wires. The voltage from the yellow, green, and blue wires should be around 5V in a normal scenario. A voltage reading lower than this may indicate damage.
1. Remove the screws on the motor casing to open the motor.
2. Pull out the central steel ring or tap it gently on the ground to release the steel ring.
3. Remove the old Hall sensor and install the new one in the same slot. Handle the installation carefully and avoid applying excessive force. Secure the new sensor in place with glue or zip ties (Note: Do not apply glue to the front of the sensor).
4. Connect the wires, match the red and black positive and negative wires by color, and the yellow, green, and blue wires can be connected in any order. Connecting the wires in the original sequence can help avoid multiple adjustments in phase changing.
5. When installing the motor cover, it is advisable to apply sealant for waterproofing purposes. This can effectively reduce the risk of water entering the motor and causing a short circuit.
Special attention should be paid when installing the Hall sensor:
After installing the Hall sensor, do not manually rotate the wheel before applying power.
The glue used to secure the Hall sensor should not be applied on the sensor surface.
Phase adjustment:
After installing the Hall sensor, if the wheel does not rotate normally, phase adjustment is required.
Typically, swapping the positions of the yellow, green, and blue thick wires where the controller and motor wires connect should resolve the issue. If adjusting the three thick wires does not correct the problem, then the three yellow, green, and blue thick wires should be adjusted in conjunction with the three yellow, green, and blue thin wires.