bundled/sold together

King Henry IV The eldest son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and grandson of Edward III, Henry had returned from banishment on July 4, 1399, to claim the Crown denied to him by Richard II. As these events were dramatized in Shakespeare's Richard II, he led a revolt against the Crown, forced Richard to abdicate, and became the first of the Lancastrian rulers of England; subsequently he had Richard put to death. In Shakespeare's Richard II and on occasion in Henry IV, Part 1, he is referred to as Bolingbroke, from the place of his birth. History reports him as a brave, active, and self-restrained man who had been welcomed to the throne by all classes, pledging "to abandon the evil ways of Richard II" and to govern "by common counsel and consent." He is further described as being a good soldier, a careful administrator, and a wise statesman. Nevertheless, his position was insecure because of the manner in which he became king. Bitter experience was to make him somewhat suspicious and calculating.