I find it amazing to think I hold in my hands nails that were likely used at the time of Captain Cook, the First Fleet, the early settlers. 

I wonder by whose hands these were hammered into shape, and how many hands handled these, what they were used to build, and who took the time to remove and store them in the old billy, 

potentially from 200 years ago, made and used by people in the days of oil lamps no indoor plumbing, horse and cart and walking..

 

I can't/don't know if these were brought here on the ships, or if they were forged here.

 When trying to find info on these online, I got this :

The nail is likely an antique or transitional handmade nail from the late 18th to early 19th century (circa 1790–1830), when wire-drawn or round-shank nails began appearing, but heads were still hand-forged. The six ridges under the head, resembling plier or tong marks, strongly support a hand-forging process, possibly where the shank was gripped to shape the squarish, four-edged head. This could also be a specialized nail for a specific application (e.g., maritime or decorative use). However, the perfectly round shank raises the possibility of a later transitional nail rather than a purely pre-1800s handmade one.

1. Head Characteristics:
   • A squarish head with four slanted edges suggests a hand-forged “rosehead” or similar style, where a blacksmith hammered the head into a roughly square shape with faceted, slanted sides. This is a strong indicator of a handmade nail, as machine-made nails typically have flat, perfectly round heads.
   • The “slanted 4 edges” likely refers to the head being hammered on four sides, creating a pyramidal or slightly irregular shape, common in pre-19th century nails.
   • Round Shank:

     • A round shank is unusual for most handmade nails, which typically have a tapered, rectangular, or square shank due to the forging process. However, some handmade nails, especially later ones (late 18th to early 19th century), could have a rounder shank if it was drawn through a die to Transitional Nail: In the early 19th century (circa 1790–1830), nail-making machines began producing shanks that were more uniform or round, but heads were still hand-forged, resulting in hybrids with round shanks and squarish heads.
       
     • The six ridges on opposite sides just below the head, resembling marks from pliers or a gripping tool, strongly suggest a hand-forging process. These marks are typical of a blacksmith using tongs or a similar tool to hold the nail while hammering the head into shape.
     • Nails from before 1790 are less likely to have perfectly round shanks, as wire-drawing technology was not widely used.
     • A transitional nail with a round shank (possibly wire-drawn or machine-cut) and a hand-forged head required both manual labor and some mechanized processing, making it slightly cheaper than fully hand-forged nails but more expensive than later fully machine-made nails (post-1830s).
     • A 4-inch nail, used for structural purposes (e.g., building or ship construction), was larger and thus more expensive than smaller nails.
     • Made of wrought iron, the raw material cost was significant, especially in colonies like Australia where iron was often imported.
     • 
       
2. • In Australia, early colonial economies (e.g., Sydney or Tasmania in the 1790s–1820s) relied heavily on imported goods, inflating prices. Local blacksmiths also produced nails, but labor costs were high.
3. Currency:
   • In Britain, prices were in pounds, shillings, and pence (£/s/d).
   • In early colonial Australia, British currency was used, but barter systems (e.g., nails, rum, or grain as currency) were common due to cash shortages. Prices in Australia were often higher than in Britain.
   • Colonial Australia:

     • Nails were more expensive due to import costs and limited local production. In the early 1800s, imported nails in Australia could cost 50–100% more than in Britain, with prices around 3–8 shillings per pound or 15–30 pence per 100 for large nails.
     • A 4-inch nail might cost 0.15–0.3 pence each, depending on whether it was imported or locally forged.
     • Economic Context: Nails were so valuable in colonies that they were sometimes used as currency, so the “cost” might have been bartered rather than paid in cash.

These were found in an old billy in Gin Gin Qld, 

I have no other provenance for them

I will be listing more hand forged nails of smaller sizes.

These 8 are the only 4 inch ones I have.

because of their value, historical as well as monetary, they will be sent as a parcel with tracking.

if you are interested in multiple lots, postage will only be charged on the first, and I also combine with other items I have for sale