Donald John Trump was born in Queens, New York, on June 14, 1946. His
father, Fred Trump was a successful real estate developer. Trump was
educated at the New York Military Academy and the Wharton School of
Finance and Commerce at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1971, he took over his father’s real estate company, renaming it the
Trump Organization. The business soon became involved in variety of
projects, including hotels, resorts, residential and commercial
building, casinos, and golf courses. His first of many books was The Art
of the Deal, published in 1987. In 2004, he launched the reality
television show The Apprentice.
In 2005, Donald Trump married Melania Knauss. They have one son, Barron.
Trump also has four adult children from previous marriages: Donald Jr.,
Ivanka, Eric, and Tiffany.
During the 2016 primary, Trump defeated more than a dozen rivals to win
the Republican nomination. While he lost the popular vote, Trump
defeated former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the general
election by winning a majority of Electoral College votes. His campaign
slogan was “Make America Great Again.”
Without previous elected political experience, President Trump used
unconventional methods to communicate his priorities. Most notably, he
used the social media platform Twitter as a primary mechanism for direct
communication with the American public, other politicians, and the
press corps.
As president, he signed a major tax reform bill into law and oversaw a
reduction of federal regulations. His protectionist trade policies
included tariffs in foreign aluminum, steel, and other products. The
Trump administration also renegotiated trade agreements with Mexico,
Canada, China, Japan, and South Korea. Other domestic priorities
included Supreme Court and federal judiciary appointments, increased
military budgets, aggressive border and immigration control, criminal
justice reform, and the reduction of prescription drug prices.
In foreign policy, the Trump administration moved the U.S. Embassy in
Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and brokered normalization agreements
between Israel and a number of countries. In 2018, President Trump
attended a summit with Kim Jong Un, marking the first time a sitting
president met with a North Korean leader.
In 2018, there was a partial government shutdown as Trump disagreed with
Congress over funding for a border wall between the United States and
Mexico. The funding lapse lasted thirty-five days before it was
resolved.
In 2019, a federal whistleblower filed a complaint that Trump had
pressured Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate former
Vice President Joe Biden’s son Hunter, who had served on the board of
Bursima Holdings, a natural gas company in Ukraine. Later that year, the
House of Representatives impeached President Trump based upon
allegations of obstruction of Congress and abuse of power. In 2020, the
Senate acquitted Trump on both articles of impeachment.
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in the United States
on January 20, 2020. The remainder of Trump’s presidency was consumed
with the coronavirus pandemic. Critics argued that Trump’s response to
the pandemic was delayed and did not sufficiently encourage public
health practices to reduce the spread of the virus. However, the Trump
administration’s program “Operation Warp Speed” assisted in the private
sector development of two approved vaccines. Nonetheless, by the time
Trump left office, more than 400,000 Americans had died of COVID-19.
Trump lost reelection to Democratic candidate Joe Biden, but publicly
claimed widespread voter fraud had affected the outcome. Supporters of
President Trump traveled to Washington, D.C. for a “Save America” rally
on January 6, 2021. Trump spoke to the large crowd on the Ellipse near
the White House and encouraged attendees to protest the counting of the
Electoral College votes in Congress. The rally turned violent when the
president’s supporters overwhelmed law enforcement, breaching the United
States Capitol and disrupting the vote count. Five people died as a
result of the violence, and the Capitol complex suffered millions of
dollars in damage.
On January 13, 2021, Trump’s actions resulted in the House of
Representatives approving another article of impeachment: the incitement
of insurrection. He is the only president in American history to be
impeached twice by Congress.
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Attempted assassination of Donald Trump
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Coordinates: 40°51′25.3″N 79°58′15.6″W
Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the 2024 assassination attempt. For the 2016
incident, see 2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident. For other such
incidents, see Security incidents involving Donald Trump.
Attempted assassination of Donald Trump
Close-up aerial view showing the Butler Farm Show Grounds (right) on the
day of the rally with the building (left) the shooter climbed on
Butler Farm Show Grounds (right), 6:01 p.m. EDT, 10 minutes before the
shooting
Map
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Location Butler Farm Show Grounds in Connoquenessing Twp. / Meridian,
near Butler, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Coordinates 40°51′25.3″N 79°58′15.6″W
Date July 13, 2024; 37 days ago
6:11 p.m. (UTC−04:00)
Target Donald Trump
Attack type
Attempted assassination by gunshot
Weapon AR-15–style rifle
Deaths 2 (including the perpetrator)[1]
Injured 3 from gunfire (including Trump)[2][3][4][a]
Perpetrator Thomas Matthew Crooks
Motive Under investigation
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On July 13, 2024, Donald Trump, a former president of the United States
who at that time had been the presumptive nominee of the Republican
Party in the 2024 presidential election, was grazed on the right ear in
an assassination attempt while speaking at an open-air campaign rally
near Butler, Pennsylvania.[5][6] Thomas Matthew Crooks, a 20-year-old
man from Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, [2][7] fired eight rounds from an
AR-15–style rifle from the roof of a nearby building.[2][8][9] Crooks
also killed one audience member and critically injured two others.[2] He
was subsequently shot and killed by the United States Secret Service's
Counter Sniper Team.[10]
Video shows Trump clasping his ear and taking cover behind his lectern,
where Secret Service agents shielded him until the shooter was killed.
Photojournalist Evan Vucci of the Associated Press captured images of a
bloodied Trump pumping his fist in the air and saying the word "Fight!"
as agents escorted him off-stage; the images went viral on social media.
Trump was taken to a hospital, treated, and released in stable
condition later that same day.[2][11] He made his first public
appearance after the shooting two days later at the 2024 Republican
National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[12]
The director of the Secret Service, Kimberly Cheatle, resigned ten days
later, following widespread criticism of security lapses at the rally
and of her congressional testimony.[13][14] President Joe Biden ordered
an independent review of the security arrangements.[15] Biden also
condemned the violence and called for a reduction in heated political
rhetoric, emphasizing the importance of resolving political differences
peacefully.[16] Misinformation and conspiracy theories quickly spread on
social media after the shooting.[17] Lawmakers called for increased
security for the major candidates in the election.[18]
Background
At the time of the incident, Donald Trump was the presumptive Republican
nominee in the 2024 presidential election.[19] The shooting occurred
two days before the July 15 start of the 2024 Republican National
Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[20] A previous attempt at violence
toward Trump during one of his rallies happened in 2016, when a man
attempted to grab a security officer's gun at a rally outside of Las
Vegas.[21]
On July 3, 2024,[22] it was announced that Trump would hold a rally on
July 13 at the Butler Farm Show Grounds in Connoquenessing Township and
Meridian, near Butler, Pennsylvania.[23][24][25][26] On July 10, an
advance team began setting up for the rally, including the installation
of generators in a large open field.[27] The rally was part of the Trump
campaign's attempts to garner votes in Pennsylvania, which some polling
indicates is a swing state;[28] the state has 19 votes in the Electoral
College.[20] David McCormick, the Republican nominee in the state's
concurrent U.S. Senate election, was invited to appear onstage during
the rally to increase support for his campaign.[29]
Security arrangements
The Federal Bureau of Investigation had no information about any
particular threats before the event.[30] The Secret Service had
increased Trump's security detail in earlier weeks because of
intelligence indicating that Iran was plotting to assassinate
Trump,[31][32] leading the Secret Service to boost security measures
before the incident.[33] The acting Iranian minister of foreign affairs
denied this claim.[34]
U.S. Representative Mike Kelly said he had contacted the Trump campaign
to recommend holding the rally in an area that could handle a larger
crowd than the Butler Farm Show Grounds, and that their response was,
"We appreciate your input but we've already made up our minds".[20]
The Secret Service routinely screens and monitors nearby buildings and
businesses, including structures outside security perimeters.[35] The
event had security stationed into one outer area, patrolled by state
police, and an inner perimeter, holding Secret Service agents.[36] Also,
four separate counter-sniper teams were assigned to the event, two from
the Secret Service and two from local law enforcement.[37] One of these
teams, comprising three snipers (local SWAT officer Greg Nicol, SWAT
team member from Beaver County Jason Woods, and a third shooter from
Butler County's SWAT team), was assigned to be inside the AGR
building.[38]
The Pennsylvania State Police, which serves as the law enforcement
agency for Connoquenessing Township, were also involved in security
matters. Butler Township police were given traffic duties.[26]
Attendees at Trump rallies are screened for prohibited items, including
weapons.[2]
Shooting
On July 7, 2024, Thomas Matthew Crooks visited the Butler Farm Show
grounds, the site of a future campaign rally announced by Trump four
days earlier. He spent 20 minutes there and registered to attend the
rally. On July 12, Crooks went to a shooting range and practiced with
his rifle,[39] a DPMS Panther Arms-produced AR-15–style rifle with a
16-inch (41 cm) barrel, chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, which he had bought
from his father.[40][41][42][43]
On July 13, the day of the assassination attempt, Crooks bought a
five-foot (1.5-meter) ladder before driving to the site of the rally in
the morning. According to ABC, a team of Beaver County SWAT officers,
tasked with supporting the Secret Service, had taken its position at the
security perimeter by mid-morning.[44] Crooks left the rally site and
bought 50 rounds of ammunition from a gun store, before driving back to
the rally at 3:35 p.m EDT, armed with his rifle and with an explosive
device in the trunk of his car.[45][39] Crooks did not undergo security
screening, as he had been outside the Secret Service's security
perimeter for the rally.[46][47] Around 3:50 p.m., Crooks flew a drone
for about 11 minutes, showing the scene behind his eventual firing
position.[36][39][48]
At 4:26 p.m., a local law enforcement countersniper ended his shift and
spotted Crooks around the southernmost AGR International warehouse,
where police countersnipers were positioned. The countersniper
text-messaged his colleagues about Crooks, noting that he may know about
the police presence inside the building. The New York Times
retrospectively described the text messages as suggesting that Crooks
aroused police suspicion more than 90 minutes before the shooting.[49]
At 5:14 p.m., one of the countersnipers still in the building saw Crooks
directly underneath the warehouse and photographed him. The
countersniper saw him "scoping out" the rooftop of the building and
carrying a golf rangefinder, which particularly alarmed officers. The
countersniper text-messaged images of Crooks to other members of law
enforcement before heading outside to find him and keep visual contact
while backup arrived. Crooks ran from his position and evaded a search
joined by four other local police officers.[50][51][39][52] Law
enforcement officers spotted Crooks between 20 minutes and 30 minutes
before the shooting.[53][54] Multiple local law enforcement officers
identified Crooks and believed that he might have been acting
suspiciously near the event's magnetometer weapon detectors;[55] they
expressed their suspicions over radio, and the Secret Service was
informed of this at some point.[37]
Trump arrived onstage at about 6:03 p.m.[56] At 6:05 p.m., he began
speaking.[57]
At 6:06 p.m. Crooks scaled an air-conditioning unit to reach the
northernmost roof of the AGR International complex, rather than using
his ladder.[58] He walked across a series of interconnected roofs to
reach his eventual firing position on the southernmost roof,[39][59]
between 400 feet (120 meters) and 450 feet (140 meters) north of the
venue stage.[2][8][9][58] The building housed three police snipers
tasked with covering the rally, but, because of a shortage of personnel,
none of them were on the roof.[60][61] Several bystanders witnessed a
person on the roof carrying a rifle and alerted the police about him
minutes before shots were fired at Trump.[62][63][57]
The slant of the roof that Crooks had been on may have prevented Secret
Service snipers from seeing him as he crawled into a firing position;
the northern sniper team's view of Crooks's position had also been
blocked by trees.[64][65] Using a three-dimensional simulation of the
shooting, the New York Times reported that "the gunman was largely
concealed by two trees and the slope of a warehouse building roof, which
he used as his perch."[66]
At 6:08 p.m., a local law enforcement officer reported over radio,
"Someone's on the roof".[59] Police bodycam video footage has revealed
that, at this point, a search operation began in which at least four
Pennsylvania law enforcement officers focused on the roof Crooks was on
and its immediate surroundings, attempting to reach Crooks.[67] Hoisted
by another officer, a Butler Township police officer attempted to climb
to the roof of the building in search of the reported man. Crooks
spotted the officer while the officer's hands were clinging to the edge
of the roof and aimed his rifle at the officer, at which point the
officer let go, falling 8 feet (2.4 m) to the ground and severely
injuring his ankle. According to ABC, this encounter, which occurred
about 40 seconds before Crooks opened fire, was "the first time any law
enforcement saw that the person on the roof had a gun".[68][67]
Approximate locations, including Secret Service counter-sniper
teams[69][70]
Crooks undertook the shooting immediately after the confrontation with
the officer.[71][72][3] A few minutes into Trump's speech, starting at
6:11:33 p.m., Crooks fired eight shots into the rally,[73][74][56][75]
striking Trump and three rallygoers, one fatally, before being killed
seconds later by a sniper from the Secret Service.[76][77] As the shots
were heard, rally attendees yelled "Duck!"[78] Police bodycam footage
captured the movements and responses of some of the law enforcement
officials at the rally to the detected threat on a rooftop, which the
BBC would later describe as "moments of frustration, confusion and
miscommunication".[79] Two shots were fired by law enforcement towards
Crooks. The first shot, fired by a member of Butler County's Emergency
Services Unit six seconds after Crooks fired his first shot, caused
Crooks to stop shooting and reposition himself. Located on a building
behind Trump's left shoulder, a team of Secret Service countersnipers
had been facing in a different direction and reoriented toward Crooks;
before Crooks could resume firing, a member of the team fatally shot
Crooks 16 seconds after Crooks's first shot.[64][65][80]
Trump was injured in his upper right ear by a strike from a bullet.[81]
He raised a hand to his ear before dropping down on his podium behind
the lectern for cover.[82][83][76][84] Secret Service agents lunged
toward Trump and shielded him. After the assailant was declared "down",
agents helped Trump get up. Blood was visible on his ear and face. He
asked the Secret Service agents to let him get his shoes.[85] According
to Trump, the agents "hit me so hard that my shoes fell off, and my
shoes are tight".[86] They also offered to put him on a stretcher, but
he declined.[87] As he was walked off stage, Trump told the Secret
Service agents to wait and then raised his fist, pumped it at the crowd,
and mouthed the words "Fight! Fight! Fight!"[88][85] The crowd
responded with cheers and chants of "U-S-A!"[85]
When I rose surrounded by Secret Service, the crowd was confused
because they thought I was dead. And there was great, great sorrow. I
could see that on their faces as I looked out. They didn't know I was
looking out, they thought it was over. But I could see it, I wanted to
do something to let 'em know I was ok. I raised my right arm, looked at
the thousands and thousands of people that were breathlessly waiting and
started shouting, Fight! Fight! Fight!
— Donald Trump[89][90]
Trump was then escorted to a vehicle and taken to the nearby Butler
Memorial Hospital.[76][91][85][92]
Trump credited a large chart displaying immigration statistics with
saving his life. Immediately before the first shot, he turned his head
to his right, toward the chart, and pointed to it. The movement narrowed
the profile of Trump's skull toward the direction of the shooter,
possibly saving him from a direct gunshot wound to his skull. Trump
later said, "If I hadn't pointed at that chart and turned my head to
look at it, that bullet would have hit me right in the
head."[93][86][94]
Timeline
Time
(EDT)
Event References
~9:30 a.m.
Thomas Matthew Crooks purchases a ladder from a Home Depot store in
Bethel Park. [39]
~10:00 a.m.
Crooks drives to the Butler Farm Show Grounds, the rally site, staying
for slightly longer than one hour. [39]
~11:10 a.m.
Crooks drives back to Bethel Park and purchases 50 rounds of ammunition
from Allegheny Arms & Gun Works. [39]
~3:35 p.m.
Crooks arrives again at the rally site. [39]
~3:50 p.m.
Crooks flies a drone for about 11 minutes, showing the scene behind his
eventual firing position. [36][39]
4:26 p.m.
After a local law enforcement countersniper positioned in the AGR
International warehouse ends his shift and spots Crooks while leaving,
he notifies other countersnipers in the warehouse that Crooks saw him
leave the warehouse and may now know that law enforcement is positioned
inside. [39]
5:06 p.m.
Crooks is twice videotaped outside the secured perimeter by a citizen
filming the crowd. [52]
5:14 p.m.
Police officers twice photograph Crooks near the event's magnetometer
weapon detectors, having assessed him as acting suspiciously. [50][39]
5:38 p.m.
Photographs showing Crooks as he uses a rangefinder are shared among
Beaver Country Emergency Services Unit members. [39]
5:44 p.m.
A Pennsylvania State Police officer, located in a trailer approximately
300 yards from the rally venue, is informed of Crooks through a call
from Ed Lenz, the tactical commander of the Butler County mobile unit.
Lenz then text-messages a photograph of Crooks to the officer. [59]
5:51 p.m.
The Pennsylvania State Police officer forwards the image of Crooks to
his Secret Service counterparts in the trailer.
[50][51][95][59][62][63][52][excessive citations]
5:52 p.m.
The Secret Service notifies its counter-sniper team and response agents
of a suspicious person with a rangefinder on the ground. Secret Service
countersnipers spot Crooks. [95][50][51][53][62][63][52][excessive
citations]
5:54 p.m.
Lenz reports to traffic-control officers that his unit has lost sight
of Crooks. [59]
6:02 p.m.
As Donald Trump prepares to walk onstage, a Beaver County sniper
locates Crooks, who walks with a backpack into a dead end between the
northernmost AGR buildings. [59]
6:03 p.m.
Trump walks to his podium. [56][95]
6:05:12 p.m.
Trump begins speaking. [57]
6:06 p.m.
Crooks scales an air-conditioning unit to access the roof of an AGR
International building while officers search for him on the ground.
[58][59]
6:08:21 p.m.
As Crooks walks across a series of interconnected roofs to reach the
southernmost warehouse of the AGR International complex, a local law
enforcement officer reports over radio, "Someone's on the roof". At
least four Pennsylvania law enforcement officers begin an effort to
reach Crooks. [59][96][67][97][58]
~6:09 p.m.
Several bystanders notice a person carrying a rifle on a distant roof
and report their sightings to law enforcement officers.
[62][63][59][95][57][48][excessive citations]
6:10:55 p.m.
Hoisted by another officer, a Butler Township police officer attempts
to climb onto the rooftop on which Crooks is located. Crooks aims his
rifle at the officer, and the officer releases his grip, falling 8 feet
(2.4 m) to the ground and severely injuring his ankle; the officer's
bodycam records the event. The officer reports via radio that Crooks is
armed with a "long gun". Lenz requests deployment of the Butler County
quick response force, located near the AGR International complex.
[72][59][98][99][58][48][excessive citations]
6:11:33 p.m.
Immediately after his encounter with law enforcement, Crooks fires the
first of eight shots into the rally venue. Trump pauses his speech
midsentence as the shot is fired. [57][95][73][74][100][48][excessive
citations]
6:11:34 p.m.
Trump raises his hand to his right ear. Crooks fires two more shots.
[57][95][82][91][83][76][84][excessive citations]
6:11:35 p.m.
Trump drops down behind the lectern of his podium for cover as Secret
Service agents start moving toward the podium to surround him.
[57][82][91][83][101][76][84][48][excessive citations]
6:11:37 p.m.
Crooks fires five more shots. An outbound shot is fired by a member of
Butler County's Emergency Services Unit. Crooks stops firing and
repositions himself. [57][95][82][64][65][80][83][76][84][91][excessive
citations]
6:11:49 p.m.
After a team of Secret Service countersnipers, located on a building
behind Trump's left shoulder, reorients toward Crooks, a member of the
team fatally shoots Crooks.
[73][64][65][80][74][100][101][57][95][excessive citations]
6:12:25 p.m.
Secret Service agents lift Trump, preparing to walk him offstage. [57]
6:12:33 p.m.
Trump requests that the Secret Service agents wait while he gets his
shoes. [57]
6:12:47 p.m.
Secret Service agents begin escorting Trump offstage while Trump raises
his fist, pumps it at the crowd, and begins mouthing the words "Fight!
Fight! Fight!" [57]
6:14 p.m.
Trump is escorted to a vehicle and taken to the nearby Butler Memorial
Hospital (BMH) for examination. [95]
6:40 p.m.
The BMH emergency room is cleared, and Trump begins receiving
treatment. [95]
6:51 p.m.
The Trump campaign releases a statement describing Trump as "fine" as
he is medically examined. [57]
8:42 p.m.
Trump posts a statement on Truth Social about the assassination
attempt. [57]
8:53 p.m.
Trump's motorcade leaves the BMH, bound for Pittsburgh International
Airport (PIT). [57][102]
10:49 p.m.
Trump's motorcade arrives at PIT. Trump is "held in place" at the
airport. [95][102]
11:21 p.m.
Trump leaves PIT on a flight heading toward Newark Liberty
International Airport. [95][103]
Victims
Trump standing alongside Corey Comperatore's fire department uniform
while delivering his July 18 acceptance speech at the 2024 Republican
National Convention
Corey Comperatore of Sarver, Pennsylvania, was killed by gunfire.[2]
Comperatore, aged 50, worked as a project and tooling engineer and was
the former chief of the Buffalo Township Volunteer Fire Company.[110]
According to Comperatore's family and Pennsylvania governor Josh
Shapiro, he died while shielding his wife and two daughters from
gunfire.[108][111] In addition to Trump, a number of other people were
injured.[112] Two other male audience members, aged 57 and 74, were shot
and critically injured.[113][114][115] Both victims were listed as
being in stable condition the following day.[116] The 57-year-old victim
was discharged from the hospital on July 24;[117] the 74-year-old was
discharged on July 26.[118]
U.S. representative Ronny Jackson stated that a bullet grazed his
nephew's neck,[4] which was treated by medical personnel at the
scene.[119] Four Pittsburgh Police officers, who were feet away from
Trump, suffered minor injuries from flying debris when bullets struck
objects nearby.[120]
Perpetrator
Main article: Thomas Matthew Crooks
On July 14, the FBI identified the shooter as 20-year-old Thomas Matthew
Crooks of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, which is about an hour's drive
from the rally venue.[7][121][122] Crooks is believed to have acted
alone. The rifle Crooks used had been legally bought by his father in
2013, who sold it to Crooks in October 2023.[39][123][75] He had no
criminal record.[92][122] The FBI said that there had been "no
indication of any mental health issues" regarding Crooks.[124]
Crooks attended Bethel Park High School and graduated from Community
College of Allegheny County two months before the shooting.[125][126] He
worked as a dietary aide in the kitchen of a nearby nursing
home.[127][9] Some people who knew him characterized him as quiet, and a
former classmate said he had been bullied "every day" at school for
wearing camouflage to class.[122] Most neighbors also described Crooks
as quiet and as a "normal person".[128] He was a member of the Clairton
Sportsmen's Club, which has a 200-yard (180 m) rifle range.[129][9]
After the shooting, the FBI uncovered a social media account "believed
to be associated with the shooter" with about 700 comments from 2019 to
2020. Reports regarding the content of the posts are currently not
unanimous. One account from GAB CEO Andrew Torba said that posts
requested from his platform by the FBI were "pro-Biden's immigration
policy",[130] whereas a public statement from FBI deputy director Paul
Abbate described Crooks's activity on social networking services as
antisemitic, anti-immigrant, extreme, and espousing political
violence.[131] Crooks's Internet activity before the attack included
searches related to the 2021 Oxford High School shooting and for other
politicians and their events.[132]
He was a registered Republican;[122][133][134] his voter registration
had been active since September 2021, the month he turned 18.[135][122]
Federal campaign finance records show that on January 20,
2021,[136][137] when he was 17,[138] Crooks donated $15 to a voter
turnout group, the Progressive Turnout Project, through a platform
called ActBlue, which is used by Democrats and progressive
organizations.[139][126][140]
Aftermath
Trump was transported to Butler Memorial Hospital for examination
immediately after the shooting.[141] A Secret Service spokesperson
confirmed that he was safe.[2][82] Trump's motorcade left the hospital
at around 9:30 p.m. EDT bound for Pittsburgh International Airport.[102]
Trump landed in Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey in
the early hours of July 14 and spent the night at Trump National Golf
Club Bedminster.[103] Security at Trump Tower and the RNC was
strengthened after the shooting.[142][143]
Soon after being confirmed as safe, Trump released a statement on his
own social media platform Truth Social:[144][145][146]
I want to thank The United States Secret Service, and all of Law
Enforcement, for their rapid response on the shooting that just took
place in Butler, Pennsylvania. Most importantly, I want to extend my
condolences to the family of the person at the Rally who was killed, and
also to the family of another person that was badly injured. It is
incredible that such an act can take place in our Country. Nothing is
known at this time about the shooter, who is now dead. I was shot with a
bullet that pierced the upper part of my right ear. I knew immediately
that something was wrong in that I heard a whizzing sound, shots, and
immediately felt the bullet ripping through the skin. Much bleeding took
place, so I realized then what was happening. GOD BLESS AMERICA!
— Donald Trump
No information about Trump's medical care was released during the week
that followed the shooting.[147] Representative Ronny Jackson, Trump's
former White House physician, released limited statements about Trump's
injury and treatment on July 20 and 26;[148][149] however, neither
Trump's attending physician nor physicians at Butler Memorial Hospital
made any statements, and some questions about Trump's diagnosis and
treatment remained unanswered.[150]
Trump wearing a bandage on his ear at the 2024 Republican National
Convention
Trump attended the Republican National Convention (RNC) on July 15 with a
bandage covering his entire right ear.[151] Several RNC attendees began
wearing fake ear bandages during the convention,[152] with a Republican
strategist telling the Washington Post, "It was truly a surreal moment
that people are still processing, and this is a recognizable show of
solidarity in a meme-ified political moment."[153] The fad reportedly
started with Arizona delegate Joe Neglia, with Neglia stating he made
his bandage on the way to Milwaukee after seeing Trump wearing one
during his first appearance after the attempt.[154][155]
The Trump campaign organized a GoFundMe fundraising campaign for the
rally goers who were wounded or killed, raising over $2 million by July
14.[156] Comperatore's firefighting uniform, with his name misspelled by
the fire department as "Compertore",[157] was brought on stage during
Trump's speech at the RNC. Trump kissed Comperatore's helmet.[158][159]
Comperatore's funeral was held the next day on July 19.[160]
After the shooting, stocks linked to Trump's media and technology
interests experienced a significant surge, as well as shares of other
companies that could benefit from a Donald Trump presidency, such as
cryptocurrency stocks and gun stocks. Trump Media & Technology Group
shares soared 31%, lifting its stock market value to $7.7 billion, and
major cryptocurrency-related stocks, including Coinbase and bitcoin
miners Riot Platforms and Marathon Digital, saw increases of 11% to 18%.
Video-sharing platform Rumble, known for its popularity among
conservative viewers, saw its stock price jump 21%. These surges reflect
increased investor confidence in Trump's chances of winning the
upcoming U.S. presidential election.[161]
According to CNN, the exchange of public interventions in the aftermath
of the event has been followed by tensions between local law enforcement
officials and the Secret Service.[162]
Investigation
The FBI is leading an investigation with the United States Department of
Justice National Security Division, the U.S. Secret Service, and the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.[163][2] The
incident is being investigated as an assassination attempt, and also as
an act of domestic terrorism.[164][165][71]
Police removed Crooks's corpse from the rooftop.[69] He was carrying no
identification.[166][167] The FBI confirmed his identity via fingerprint
biometrics and DNA profiling.[2] Explosives were found at Crooks's home
and in the car he used to travel to the rally.[1][168] A remote
transmitter was found in his pocket.[169] Crooks owned two smartphones
and at least one laptop.[170]
Soon after the shooting, FBI Laboratory staff performed mobile device
forensics on his smartphones, which entails defeating the device's
security measures. This, according to an Electronic Frontier Foundation
researcher, was probably done using a Cellebrite device or an
undisclosed in-house method.[171][170] They found that Crooks had
searched for images of Trump, Biden, and several other public figures,
and that he had looked up dates of Trump's rallies and the Democratic
National Convention.[170] Investigators also found that in April 2024,
he had made searches about major depressive disorder, although there has
not been a determination about whether he was diagnosed.[172][173] FBI
director Christopher Wray had discovered that on July 6, Crooks had made
a search about "how far was Oswald away from Kennedy", referencing the
assassination of John F. Kennedy, and that he had registered for Trump's
rally on that date. The FBI had also discovered that two hours before
the assassination attempt, Crooks flew a drone near the rally.[174][175]
On July 25, the FBI said it wanted to interview Trump, as a crime
victim, to obtain his victim statement.[176] In a July 29 Fox News
interview, Trump said that he expected the FBI interview to take place
on August 1.[177] FBI's Office of Public Affairs released a statement on
July 27 saying "What struck former President Trump in the ear was a
bullet, whether whole or fragmented into smaller pieces, fired from the
deceased subject's rifle."[178] An analysis from the New York Times of
the events including bullet trajectories and other information,
concluded that the first bullet fired by Crooks grazed Trump's ear.[179]
During a Senate hearing, Secret Service acting director Ronald Rowe was
unable to answer how Crooks got his rifle onto the rooftop of the AGR
International warehouse in Butler; the BBC described it as a "remaining
mystery" of the ongoing investigation.[180] There was some conflict in
Senate testimony about the FBI's investigation of what wounded Trump,
with FBI director Wray stating on July 24 that there was some question
about whether a bullet or shrapnel hit Trump's ear, and FBI deputy
director Abbate stating on July 30 that there was never any doubt that a
bullet had struck Trump's ear.[181][182]
A U.S. House task force was launched to investigate the attempted
assassination.[183]
In response to a public records request weeks after the assassination
attempt, police bodycam footage from the day of the rally was
released.[184] According to the New York Times, the footage provided
more clarity about the movements of nearby law enforcement officers with
respect to previous releases of data.[185]
Motive
Authorities and experts have offered several speculative theories as to
the motive of the attack and Crooks's intentions as the investigation
has gone on.
One investigative lead is looking into whether the attack was
politically motivated.[186] The FBI said that Crooks's political beliefs
are unclear; the limited information relating Crooks's political views
has been called contradictory, for example Crooks being both a
registered republican and having donated to ActBlue.[187][122][126]
Another line of thinking proposed by authorities is that Crooks may have
intended to carry out a larger mass-casualty attack or mass shooting at
the rally, rather than singularly target Trump. This is based on
discoveries made on Crooks' phone, including internet searches about the
2021 Oxford High School shooting and a photo of its perpetrator, Ethan
Crumbley, saved on the device. The discovery of an explosive device,
bulletproof vest and additional magazines in Crooks' vehicle at the
rally has also been suggested as further indication of a larger attack
being planned. Additionally, a number of explosive devices were
recovered from Crooks' home.[188][132] The assassination attempt fits
some definitions of a mass shooting, but it is unclear if this was
intentional on Crooks's part.[189]
Experts have offered varying opinions on this. James Densley, founder of
the Violence Project, a research organisation focused on mass shootings
and their perpetrators, suggested "(this might be) somebody intent on
perpetrating mass violence, and they happened to pick a political
rally".[190] Former FBI behavioural analyst Kathleen Pickett suggested
that Crooks was "(not) ready for an assault", citing his lack of body
armour and use of a singular firearm.[188] Domestic terrorism expert
Javed Ali stated "in my assessment, this was only about killing Trump.
It wasn't a mass shooting. He didn't empty the magazine on fully
automatic and kill as many people as he could. Instead, he was firing
controlled bursts."[191]
Officials maintain that no confirmed motive has been determined and
remains under investigation.
Criticism of security arrangements
The Secret Service security detail responsible for protecting the former
president during the rally is facing criticism and intense scrutiny for
not securing access to the roof of the building from which Crooks
committed the shooting.[192] Three police snipers were present in the
building, but none were present on the roof or able to cover
it.[60][193][194][195] Local law-enforcement sources interviewed by
BeaverCountian.com said this was due to "extremely poor planning" and
manpower shortages.[50] Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers
expressed concerns about what they perceived as errors or oversights
that exposed Trump to gunfire.[196] The Secret Service stated that it
added protective resources to accommodate campaign travel schedules,
disputing claims that it did not provide requested extra protection for
Trump.[197] Director of the Secret Service Kimberly Cheatle admitted
that the lapse was "unacceptable".[198] In a reversal, the Secret
Service later acknowledged denying requests from the Trump campaign for
additional security for the past two years. The requests included
additional snipers and special teams for outdoor events.[199][200] A
failure in inter-agency communications has also been pointed out.[201]
Several prominent politicians and officials, mostly Republican, argued
that DEI hiring by the Biden administration had compromised Secret
Service training.[202] Secret Service director Kimberly Cheatle and
female agents serving in Trump's security detail faced scrutiny,
especially after the release of video showing one of the agents
struggling to holster her weapon, and crouching behind Trump.[202][203]
Trump spoke in defense of a female agent who shielded him as he was
escorted off stage, and commended her bravery.[204]
President Biden ordered an independent review on the federal security
provided by the Secret Service in order to comprehend how the gunman
nearly assassinated Trump with a clear view of sight. The findings of
this review will be made public. Additionally, Biden instructed the
Secret Service to reassess all security protocols for the Republican
National Convention in Milwaukee, where Trump was expected to be
officially nominated as the Republican candidate for the presidential
election on November 5.[205]
Independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. was approved to
receive Secret Service protection two days after the assassination
attempt against Trump. Kennedy had previously sought protection from the
Secret Service but was denied by Department of Homeland Security
Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas. Kennedy had instead been relying on a
private security firm for the duration of his presidential
campaign.[206][207]
On July 22, Cheatle testified before the United States House Committee
on Oversight and Accountability; the New York Times reported that she
failed to answer basic questions about the assassination attempt.
Lawmakers from both parties called for her resignation.[208] On July 23,
Cheatle's resignation was announced.[209]
According to The New York Times, the law enforcement agencies that
assisted the Secret Service the day of the shooting were the
Pennsylvania State Police, the Butler Township Police Department, the
Butler County Sheriff, Pittsburgh Bureau of Police, and multicounty
tactical teams.[210] The Pennsylvania State Police commissioner
testified that officers at the event were busy responding to over 100
heat-related emergencies, and handling multiple reports of suspicious
individuals at the rally, which was not considered unusual.[39]
According to a report in the New York Times, the Secret Service did not
accept offers to use a drone to support their surveillance at the Butler
rally site.[211]
Photographs
Main article: Donald Trump raised-fist photographs
See also: Public image of Donald Trump
External image
image icon Photograph of a bloodied Trump raising his fist shortly after
the assassination attempt. This image was part of a series of
photographs by photojournalist Evan Vucci that were widely circulated
after the attempt.[212][213]
Photographer Evan Vucci of the Associated Press captured widely praised
images of a bloodied Trump pumping his fist in the air, surrounded by
Secret Service members, with an American flag in the background.[214]
The photos quickly spread on social media and television and were widely
circulated by Trump's allies, including the National Republican
Senatorial Committee, family members, and Republican members of
Congress.[215][216] The images were seen as encapsulating strength,
resilience, patriotism, Donald Trump himself, the United States, as well
as the ongoing culture war in the country.[217][218][219][220]
Also widely reproduced and discussed was an image by New York Times
photographer Doug Mills apparently showing a bullet passing
Trump.[221][222][223]
Reactions
The incident was the most serious attempt to kill a US president or
presidential candidate since Ronald Reagan was shot in 1981.[71][224]
Political scientists,[225][226] historians,[227][226] and many
Democratic and Republican political figures[228] pointed to the shooting
as a consequence of political polarization in the United States.[229]
The shooting led to widespread sympathy for Trump on social media,[230]
and public figures across the political spectrum both domestically and
internationally[231] urged a decrease in tensions, condemning the
assassination attempt.[226][232]
Domestic
U.S. president Joe Biden commenting on the assassination attempt, July
13
On July 14, Biden gave an address condemning political violence,
including the attempted assassination of Trump, arguing for the need to
"lower the temperature" in American politics.
Statement from President Joe Biden
I have been briefed on the shooting at Donald Trump's rally in
Pennsylvania.
I'm grateful to hear that he's safe and doing well. I'm praying for
him and his family and for all those who were at the rally, as we await
further information.
Jill and I are grateful to the Secret Service for getting him to
safety. There's no place for this kind of violence in America. We must
unite as one nation to condemn it.
Joe Biden, The White House, July 13, 2024
After the shooting, President Joe Biden said: "Look, there's no place in
America for this kind of violence. It's sick. It's sick. It's one of
the reasons we have to unite this country... Everybody must condemn it."
In a separate statement, he said he was grateful that Trump was
safe.[233][16][234] Biden also publicly expressed his condolences for
Comperatore, hailing his actions as a father.[235] Biden and Trump spoke
on the evening of the incident.[236] On July 14, Biden ordered an
independent security review of Trump's rally and warned against
political violence in an Oval Office address.[237][238]
House Speaker Mike Johnson pledged to open an investigation into the
shooting, seeking testimony from federal law enforcement and national
security officials. Senate Republicans urged the Democratic-controlled
Senate to conduct hearings as well.[239][240]
Republican U.S. Representative Mike Collins argued that Biden "sent the
orders" on Twitter, referencing a quote from Biden saying "'It's time to
put Trump in a bullseye.'"[241] Republican Senator JD Vance—later
chosen as Trump's running mate[242]—blamed the Biden campaign's
political rhetoric, while Republican Senator Tim Scott blamed messaging
by "the radical left and corporate media".[243] Republican House
Majority Leader Steve Scalise, who was seriously injured in the
Congressional baseball shooting, said that Democratic leaders had been
fueling "ludicrous hysteria" about Trump and called for the "incendiary
rhetoric" to stop.[244] Republican Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene
criticized Democratic Representative Bennie Thompson for having
introduced a bill that would strip Secret Service protection from
convicted felons, including Trump.[244] Jacqueline Marsaw—a member of
Thompson's staff—was fired after a social media post that read "I don't
condone violence but please get you some shooting lessons so you don't
miss next time oops that wasn't me saying that".[245][246]
Steven Woodrow, a Democratic member of the Colorado House of
Representatives, posted on Twitter in response to the assassination
attempt: "The last thing America needed was sympathy for the devil but
here we are."[247] His post was widely criticized, including by the
Colorado Democratic Party;[248] Woodrow deleted his account about three
hours after his post. Afterward, he told the Washington Examiner that he
condemned the shooting "on the strongest terms".[247]
Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro denounced political violence and
ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in honor of Comperatore, who
was killed.[249][250] Colorado Governor Jared Polis called for Biden to
extend Secret Service protection to independent presidential candidate
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[251] Requests for protection by the Secret Service
of independent presidential candidates are considered on an as-needed
basis. Biden directed the Secret Service to do so on July 15.[252]
Former president George W. Bush called the shooting "cowardly" and
applauded the Secret Service's response.[253] Former presidents Barack
Obama and Bill Clinton and former secretary of state Hillary Clinton,
who was Trump's opponent in the 2016 presidential election, also
condemned the attack and wished Trump a swift recovery.[254][255] Mike
Pence, who served as Vice President of the United States under Trump
(2017–2021) and launched a rival bid to Trump in the 2024 Republican
presidential primaries, released a statement saying "Karen and I thank
God that President Trump is safe and recovering following yesterday's
attempted assassination", praising the Secret Service for their quick
response which Pence opined "undoubtedly saved lives", adding "There is
no place in America for political violence and it must be universally
condemned."[256] The Carter Center, founded by former president Jimmy
Carter, condemned the attack and called for Americans to "embrace
civility".[257] John Hinckley Jr., who attempted to assassinate Ronald
Reagan in 1981, said "violence is not the way to go".[258][259]
Mark Webb, a bishop of the Global Methodist Church—the Christian
denomination in which Corey Comperatore held church membership—stated
that the assassination attempt was a "senseless act of violence and
hatred" and implored all to "comfort those who mourn and boldly offer
the promise of resurrection and new life through Jesus Christ".[104]
The National Council of Churches condemned the assassination attempt,
along with "toxic polarization, hate rhetoric, and the demonization and
denigration of those who hold different opinions".[260] Archbishop
Timothy Broglio, president of the United States Conference of Catholic
Bishops, issued a statement condemning the shooting as political
violence, emphasizing that it is never a solution to political
disagreements.[261][262]
International
Many heads of state and of government, as well as of international
organizations, condemned the shooting and expressed good wishes to
Trump.[263][264]
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada issued a statement on social
media that he was sickened by the attack, adding "my thoughts are with
former President Trump, those at the event, and all Americans." Trudeau
spoke to Trump on the phone after the attack.[265] In the United
Kingdom, Prime Minister Keir Starmer led condemnation of the shooting
saying that he was appalled by the attack on Trump, stating that
political violence had "no place in our society".[266] Buckingham Palace
confirmed on July 15 that King Charles III had written to Trump after
the assassination attempt.[267] First Minister of Scotland John Swinney
also condemned the incident.[268][269] On July 14, the Palestinian
president Mahmoud Abbas sent a letter to Trump, which the latter posted
on his social media site.[270]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India strongly condemned the incident,
stating that "violence has no place in politics and democracies" and
wished Trump a speedy recovery.[271] Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of
Australia condemned the shooting, saying there was "no place for
violence in the democratic process" and added that he was relieved to
hear Trump was safe.[272] Prime Minister Christopher Luxon of New
Zealand said he was shocked to hear of what had occurred, adding that
"no country should encounter such political violence".[273]
Chancellor Olaf Scholz of Germany condemned the shooting as an "attack
on democracy", describing the attack on Trump as despicable and wishing
the former president a quick recovery.[274] Other European leaders to
condemn the shooting included Viktor Orbán of Hungary,[264] Simon Harris
of Ireland,[275] Giorgia Meloni of Italy,[276] Luc Frieden of
Luxembourg[277] and Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine.[264] President Recep
Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey held a telephone conversation with Trump and
praised his "bravery".[278] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel
released a video condemning the shooting and said it was an attack on
democratic institutions everywhere.[279][280]
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg expressed shock at the shooting,
condemning the attack on Trump, and wishing the former president a
speedy recovery.[281] António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United
Nations, was confirmed by a UN spokesperson to have unequivocally
condemned the attack, describing it as an act of political
violence.[282] The President of the European Commission Ursula von der
Leyen issued a statement saying that she was "deeply shocked" by the
events at the rally, and offered condolences to the family of the
deceased audience member, Corey Comperatore.[283]
Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary of Russian president Vladimir Putin,
condemned the event, adding that the shooting took place in an
atmosphere created by Biden's leadership, in the context of what he
argued to be attempts to remove Trump from the political arena.[284]
Cuba blamed the U.S. arms industry and increased political violence in
America.[231] Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze and other
Georgian government officials blamed the attack on the "Global War
Party", a recurring conspiracy theory of the Georgian Dream party
alleging a mysterious international organization that exerts influence
on the Western world from the shadows.[272][285][286]
Online
The event garnered much commentary by Internet users.[17][287] There was
much activity on Twitter.[288] Tweets about the event gained millions
of views in the first hour;[289] "Trump" was the top trending topic,
with over 228,000 posts;[289] one livestream had hundreds of thousands
of people in its audience.[289] Posts, pictures, and videos related to
the event not only were seen from accounts users were following, but
also appeared prominently in users' algorithmic "for you" feeds.[17]
While much larger audiences posted on Twitter,[289] the event was also
discussed on 4chan,[290][291] TikTok,[290] Reddit,[290] and Meta-owned
Instagram and Threads.[289] Similar bursts of activity happened on
pro-Trump website patriots.win[292] and Telegram,[289] on the latter of
which some far-right groups carried out a "pattern of mass deletion of
posts [...] in case it was one of their own".[293]
Topics of discourse (on both the left[287] and right wings[292])
involved details of the security setup, who was to blame for the
attack,[17] what kind of weapon the shooter had used,[293] and whether
language used by politicians and the media had "inflamed tensions" and
played a role in motivating the attack.[17] The Atlantic described
posters as "trying to make their own order amid intense disorder".[294] A
very large number of claims made in the period immediately after the
attack were unverified or conjectural, including multiple failed
attempts at identifying the attacker.[289] Many turned out to be false,
while others were jokes or deliberate hoaxes.[289]
While some people on the Internet (including left-wing users,[287]
right-wing users,[292] and bots) suggested or claimed that the attack
had been staged as a false flag, and the words "Trump" and "staged" were
briefly the two highest-trending topics in the period immediately after
the attack,[288][295][294] no evidence emerged to support that this was
the case.[288] Some false claims that gained significant circulation
were derived from early media reports, superseded by later reports,
including the claim that Trump was hit by a glass fragment flying at him
from a teleprompter purportedly shattered by a bullet; the
teleprompters were intact after the shooting.[296][297]
After the attack, Congressman Mike Collins, a Republican in Georgia,
criticized a statement Biden had made earlier in the month[17] during a
conversation with other Democrats: "I have one job, and that's to beat
Donald Trump... It's time to put Trump in a bullseye."[298] Reuters said
that "many of [Trump's] supporters began laying blame on Democrats,
seeking to flip the script on who has stoked America's heated political
rhetoric as cases of political violence reach historic heights",[299]
including[290] Texas representative Keith Self, who argued that his
language had incited violence.[300][236] Biden later apologized for the
remark, saying "It was a mistake to use the word. I didn't say
crosshairs. I meant bullseye, I meant focus on [Trump]. Focus on what
he's doing."[301]
Misinformation and conspiracy theories
Misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories about the
assassination attempt also quickly spread on social media, gaining
popularity within minutes of the shooting.[17][295][293][302] MIT
misinformation expert Adam Berinsky described the fast spread of such
theories online as reflecting the extensive political division prevalent
in the United States,[292] and author Colin Dickey opined that the
spread was due to the "long love affair with conspiracy theories of all
kinds" in the country.[303] BBC News disinformation and social media
correspondent Marianna Spring said that "the real change... is how this
kind of lingo is being widely used by the average social media users"
rather than being on the fringe, further noting that many of the
"most-viral" false posts "came from left-leaning users who regularly
share their anti-Trump views".[17] The Associated Press described the
two competing conspiracy theories that are being established online—that
the shooting was either staged by Trump or orchestrated by Biden—as
being "one for each end of America's polarized political spectrum".[304]
Planned by Democrats
Many right-wing conspiracy theories circulated on social media. "Antifa"
became a trending topic after posts on Twitter blamed the shooting on a
"prominent Antifa activist",[289] while other posts claimed the
perpetrator was Jewish or transgender.[293] A photo of an unrelated
transgender woman was claimed on social media to be of Crooks.[305][306]
CBS News wrote that users on Twitter alleged that "Secret Service
resources were diverted from Trump's rally", an unsubstantiated claim
denied by a spokesperson and echoed by Elon Musk, as part of the
"baseless theory" that the agency is part of "a conspiracy to get rid of
the former president".[291] Many Trump supporters claimed the event was
a deep state plot to prevent Trump's re-election.[307] Several
antisemitic conspiracy theories have also been reported.[308][309][310]
Marjorie Taylor Greene, based on Biden's "bullseye" comments, said that
"Democrats wanted this to happen",[290] and U.S. representative Mike
Collins made the false claim that Biden "sent the orders".[311][312]
According to The New York Times, the claim that Biden orchestrated the
shooting was "perhaps the most dominant" conspiracy theory.[292] The
Institute for Strategic Dialogue described this as part of a "massive
online spread of false claims".[292] Biden later apologized for the
remark, saying "It was a mistake to use the word. I didn't say
crosshairs. I meant bullseye, I meant focus on [Trump]. Focus on what
he's doing."[301]
Planned by Republicans
Within minutes of the shooting, the word "staged" became the
second-highest trending topic on Twitter,[289] generating approximately
600 million views with the help of bot accounts.[288] Left-wing users
posted conspiracy theories of a "false flag" operation,[294] dubbed
"BlueAnon", in reference to QAnon.[287][313][314][315] False claims
included that the shooting and blood on Trump were faked; that crisis
actors were used;[316] that the victim who died was a "'sacrifice' to
make the attempt look more realistic";[288] that the shooting was
intended to improve Trump's likelihood of winning the election;[292]
and, according to a Democratic strategist, that the shooting was staged
by Republicans to improve Trump's image.[294] The Washington Post
journalist Taylor Lorenz wrote that "As more Americans lose trust in
mainstream institutions and turn to partisan commentators and
influencers for information, experts say they are seeing a big uptick in
the manufacture and spread of left-wing conspiracy theories, a sign
that the communal warping of reality is no longer occurring primarily on
the right."[287] A poll by Morning Consult two days after the shooting
implied one in five Americans believe the shooting was staged, including
one third of Biden voters.[317][318]
Planned by BlackRock
BlackRock is the world's largest asset manager.[319] In the days after
the shooting, a conspiracy theory centered on BlackRock, and propagated
by cryptocurrency promoters, as a continuation of previous conspiracy
narratives involving the company. This was spurred by the fact that
Crooks had appeared in a BlackRock advertisement in 2022, which had been
filmed at his high school.[320][321] In less than a day, a tweet
revealing Crooks's appearance in the advertisement video was viewed more
than 17 million times.[321] The video was then removed by the
company.[322] The conspiracy theory that some people had foreknowledge
is based on the fact that on July 12, 2024, one day before the
assassination attempt, the investment company Austin Private Wealth
filed a report with the Securities and Exchange Commission indicating
that it had shorted 12 million shares of Trump Media & Technology
Group (ticker symbol DJT), thus betting that the value of the stock
would decrease.[323] Four days later, the filing was amended to 1,200
shares, and the company apologized for its "filing error".[323]
See also
2024 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
List of mass shootings in the United States in 2024
Security incidents involving Donald Trump
Notes
A claimed fourth injury—U.S. representative Ronny Jackson's
nephew—has not been confirmed by independent sources; the sole source is
Jackson himself.
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Coordinates: 40°51′25.3″N 79°58′15.6″W
Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the 2024 assassination attempt. For the 2016
incident, see 2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident. For other such
incidents, see Security incidents involving Donald Trump.
Attempted assassination of Donald Trump
Close-up aerial view showing the Butler Farm Show Grounds (right) on the
day of the rally with the building (left) the shooter climbed on
Butler Farm Show Grounds (right), 6:01 p.m. EDT, 10 minutes before the
shooting
Map
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Location Butler Farm Show Grounds in Connoquenessing Twp. / Meridian,
near Butler, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Coordinates 40°51′25.3″N 79°58′15.6″W
Date July 13, 2024; 37 days ago
6:11 p.m. (UTC−04:00)
Target Donald Trump
Attack type
Attempted assassination by gunshot
Weapon AR-15–style rifle
Deaths 2 (including the perpetrator)[1]
Injured 3 from gunfire (including Trump)[2][3][4][a]
Perpetrator Thomas Matthew Crooks
Motive Under investigation
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On July 13, 2024, Donald Trump, a former president of the United States
who at that time had been the presumptive nominee of the Republican
Party in the 2024 presidential election, was grazed on the right ear in
an assassination attempt while speaking at an open-air campaign rally
near Butler, Pennsylvania.[5][6] Thomas Matthew Crooks, a 20-year-old
man from Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, [2][7] fired eight rounds from an
AR-15–style rifle from the roof of a nearby building.[2][8][9] Crooks
also killed one audience member and critically injured two others.[2] He
was subsequently shot and killed by the United States Secret Service's
Counter Sniper Team.[10]
Video shows Trump clasping his ear and taking cover behind his lectern,
where Secret Service agents shielded him until the shooter was killed.
Photojournalist Evan Vucci of the Associated Press captured images of a
bloodied Trump pumping his fist in the air and saying the word "Fight!"
as agents escorted him off-stage; the images went viral on social media.
Trump was taken to a hospital, treated, and released in stable
condition later that same day.[2][11] He made his first public
appearance after the shooting two days later at the 2024 Republican
National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[12]
The director of the Secret Service, Kimberly Cheatle, resigned ten days
later, following widespread criticism of security lapses at the rally
and of her congressional testimony.[13][14] President Joe Biden ordered
an independent review of the security arrangements.[15] Biden also
condemned the violence and called for a reduction in heated political
rhetoric, emphasizing the importance of resolving political differences
peacefully.[16] Misinformation and conspiracy theories quickly spread on
social media after the shooting.[17] Lawmakers called for increased
security for the major candidates in the election.[18]
Background
At the time of the incident, Donald Trump was the presumptive Republican
nominee in the 2024 presidential election.[19] The shooting occurred
two days before the July 15 start of the 2024 Republican National
Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[20] A previous attempt at violence
toward Trump during one of his rallies happened in 2016, when a man
attempted to grab a security officer's gun at a rally outside of Las
Vegas.[21]
On July 3, 2024,[22] it was announced that Trump would hold a rally on
July 13 at the Butler Farm Show Grounds in Connoquenessing Township and
Meridian, near Butler, Pennsylvania.[23][24][25][26] On July 10, an
advance team began setting up for the rally, including the installation
of generators in a large open field.[27] The rally was part of the Trump
campaign's attempts to garner votes in Pennsylvania, which some polling
indicates is a swing state;[28] the state has 19 votes in the Electoral
College.[20] David McCormick, the Republican nominee in the state's
concurrent U.S. Senate election, was invited to appear onstage during
the rally to increase support for his campaign.[29]
Security arrangements
The Federal Bureau of Investigation had no information about any
particular threats before the event.[30] The Secret Service had
increased Trump's security detail in earlier weeks because of
intelligence indicating that Iran was plotting to assassinate
Trump,[31][32] leading the Secret Service to boost security measures
before the incident.[33] The acting Iranian minister of foreign affairs
denied this claim.[34]
U.S. Representative Mike Kelly said he had contacted the Trump campaign
to recommend holding the rally in an area that could handle a larger
crowd than the Butler Farm Show Grounds, and that their response was,
"We appreciate your input but we've already made up our minds".[20]
The Secret Service routinely screens and monitors nearby buildings and
businesses, including structures outside security perimeters.[35] The
event had security stationed into one outer area, patrolled by state
police, and an inner perimeter, holding Secret Service agents.[36] Also,
four separate counter-sniper teams were assigned to the event, two from
the Secret Service and two from local law enforcement.[37] One of these
teams, comprising three snipers (local SWAT officer Greg Nicol, SWAT
team member from Beaver County Jason Woods, and a third shooter from
Butler County's SWAT team), was assigned to be inside the AGR
building.[38]
The Pennsylvania State Police, which serves as the law enforcement
agency for Connoquenessing Township, were also involved in security
matters. Butler Township police were given traffic duties.[26]
Attendees at Trump rallies are screened for prohibited items, including
weapons.[2]
Shooting
On July 7, 2024, Thomas Matthew Crooks visited the Butler Farm Show
grounds, the site of a future campaign rally announced by Trump four
days earlier. He spent 20 minutes there and registered to attend the
rally. On July 12, Crooks went to a shooting range and practiced with
his rifle,[39] a DPMS Panther Arms-produced AR-15–style rifle with a
16-inch (41 cm) barrel, chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, which he had bought
from his father.[40][41][42][43]
On July 13, the day of the assassination attempt, Crooks bought a
five-foot (1.5-meter) ladder before driving to the site of the rally in
the morning. According to ABC, a team of Beaver County SWAT officers,
tasked with supporting the Secret Service, had taken its position at the
security perimeter by mid-morning.[44] Crooks left the rally site and
bought 50 rounds of ammunition from a gun store, before driving back to
the rally at 3:35 p.m EDT, armed with his rifle and with an explosive
device in the trunk of his car.[45][39] Crooks did not undergo security
screening, as he had been outside the Secret Service's security
perimeter for the rally.[46][47] Around 3:50 p.m., Crooks flew a drone
for about 11 minutes, showing the scene behind his eventual firing
position.[36][39][48]
At 4:26 p.m., a local law enforcement countersniper ended his shift and
spotted Crooks around the southernmost AGR International warehouse,
where police countersnipers were positioned. The countersniper
text-messaged his colleagues about Crooks, noting that he may know about
the police presence inside the building. The New York Times
retrospectively described the text messages as suggesting that Crooks
aroused police suspicion more than 90 minutes before the shooting.[49]
At 5:14 p.m., one of the countersnipers still in the building saw Crooks
directly underneath the warehouse and photographed him. The
countersniper saw him "scoping out" the rooftop of the building and
carrying a golf rangefinder, which particularly alarmed officers. The
countersniper text-messaged images of Crooks to other members of law
enforcement before heading outside to find him and keep visual contact
while backup arrived. Crooks ran from his position and evaded a search
joined by four other local police officers.[50][51][39][52] Law
enforcement officers spotted Crooks between 20 minutes and 30 minutes
before the shooting.[53][54] Multiple local law enforcement officers
identified Crooks and believed that he might have been acting
suspiciously near the event's magnetometer weapon detectors;[55] they
expressed their suspicions over radio, and the Secret Service was
informed of this at some point.[37]
Trump arrived onstage at about 6:03 p.m.[56] At 6:05 p.m., he began
speaking.[57]
At 6:06 p.m. Crooks scaled an air-conditioning unit to reach the
northernmost roof of the AGR International complex, rather than using
his ladder.[58] He walked across a series of interconnected roofs to
reach his eventual firing position on the southernmost roof,[39][59]
between 400 feet (120 meters) and 450 feet (140 meters) north of the
venue stage.[2][8][9][58] The building housed three police snipers
tasked with covering the rally, but, because of a shortage of personnel,
none of them were on the roof.[60][61] Several bystanders witnessed a
person on the roof carrying a rifle and alerted the police about him
minutes before shots were fired at Trump.[62][63][57]
The slant of the roof that Crooks had been on may have prevented Secret
Service snipers from seeing him as he crawled into a firing position;
the northern sniper team's view of Crooks's position had also been
blocked by trees.[64][65] Using a three-dimensional simulation of the
shooting, the New York Times reported that "the gunman was largely
concealed by two trees and the slope of a warehouse building roof, which
he used as his perch."[66]
At 6:08 p.m., a local law enforcement officer reported over radio,
"Someone's on the roof".[59] Police bodycam video footage has revealed
that, at this point, a search operation began in which at least four
Pennsylvania law enforcement officers focused on the roof Crooks was on
and its immediate surroundings, attempting to reach Crooks.[67] Hoisted
by another officer, a Butler Township police officer attempted to climb
to the roof of the building in search of the reported man. Crooks
spotted the officer while the officer's hands were clinging to the edge
of the roof and aimed his rifle at the officer, at which point the
officer let go, falling 8 feet (2.4 m) to the ground and severely
injuring his ankle. According to ABC, this encounter, which occurred
about 40 seconds before Crooks opened fire, was "the first time any law
enforcement saw that the person on the roof had a gun".[68][67]
Approximate locations, including Secret Service counter-sniper
teams[69][70]
Crooks undertook the shooting immediately after the confrontation with
the officer.[71][72][3] A few minutes into Trump's speech, starting at
6:11:33 p.m., Crooks fired eight shots into the rally,[73][74][56][75]
striking Trump and three rallygoers, one fatally, before being killed
seconds later by a sniper from the Secret Service.[76][77] As the shots
were heard, rally attendees yelled "Duck!"[78] Police bodycam footage
captured the movements and responses of some of the law enforcement
officials at the rally to the detected threat on a rooftop, which the
BBC would later describe as "moments of frustration, confusion and
miscommunication".[79] Two shots were fired by law enforcement towards
Crooks. The first shot, fired by a member of Butler County's Emergency
Services Unit six seconds after Crooks fired his first shot, caused
Crooks to stop shooting and reposition himself. Located on a building
behind Trump's left shoulder, a team of Secret Service countersnipers
had been facing in a different direction and reoriented toward Crooks;
before Crooks could resume firing, a member of the team fatally shot
Crooks 16 seconds after Crooks's first shot.[64][65][80]
Trump was injured in his upper right ear by a strike from a bullet.[81]
He raised a hand to his ear before dropping down on his podium behind
the lectern for cover.[82][83][76][84] Secret Service agents lunged
toward Trump and shielded him. After the assailant was declared "down",
agents helped Trump get up. Blood was visible on his ear and face. He
asked the Secret Service agents to let him get his shoes.[85] According
to Trump, the agents "hit me so hard that my shoes fell off, and my
shoes are tight".[86] They also offered to put him on a stretcher, but
he declined.[87] As he was walked off stage, Trump told the Secret
Service agents to wait and then raised his fist, pumped it at the crowd,
and mouthed the words "Fight! Fight! Fight!"[88][85] The crowd
responded with cheers and chants of "U-S-A!"[85]
When I rose surrounded by Secret Service, the crowd was confused
because they thought I was dead. And there was great, great sorrow. I
could see that on their faces as I looked out. They didn't know I was
looking out, they thought it was over. But I could see it, I wanted to
do something to let 'em know I was ok. I raised my right arm, looked at
the thousands and thousands of people that were breathlessly waiting and
started shouting, Fight! Fight! Fight!
— Donald Trump[89][90]
Trump was then escorted to a vehicle and taken to the nearby Butler
Memorial Hospital.[76][91][85][92]
Trump credited a large chart displaying immigration statistics with
saving his life. Immediately before the first shot, he turned his head
to his right, toward the chart, and pointed to it. The movement narrowed
the profile of Trump's skull toward the direction of the shooter,
possibly saving him from a direct gunshot wound to his skull. Trump
later said, "If I hadn't pointed at that chart and turned my head to
look at it, that bullet would have hit me right in the
head."[93][86][94]
Timeline
Time
(EDT)
Event References
~9:30 a.m.
Thomas Matthew Crooks purchases a ladder from a Home Depot store in
Bethel Park. [39]
~10:00 a.m.
Crooks drives to the Butler Farm Show Grounds, the rally site, staying
for slightly longer than one hour. [39]
~11:10 a.m.
Crooks drives back to Bethel Park and purchases 50 rounds of ammunition
from Allegheny Arms & Gun Works. [39]
~3:35 p.m.
Crooks arrives again at the rally site. [39]
~3:50 p.m.
Crooks flies a drone for about 11 minutes, showing the scene behind his
eventual firing position. [36][39]
4:26 p.m.
After a local law enforcement countersniper positioned in the AGR
International warehouse ends his shift and spots Crooks while leaving,
he notifies other countersnipers in the warehouse that Crooks saw him
leave the warehouse and may now know that law enforcement is positioned
inside. [39]
5:06 p.m.
Crooks is twice videotaped outside the secured perimeter by a citizen
filming the crowd. [52]
5:14 p.m.
Police officers twice photograph Crooks near the event's magnetometer
weapon detectors, having assessed him as acting suspiciously. [50][39]
5:38 p.m.
Photographs showing Crooks as he uses a rangefinder are shared among
Beaver Country Emergency Services Unit members. [39]
5:44 p.m.
A Pennsylvania State Police officer, located in a trailer approximately
300 yards from the rally venue, is informed of Crooks through a call
from Ed Lenz, the tactical commander of the Butler County mobile unit.
Lenz then text-messages a photograph of Crooks to the officer. [59]
5:51 p.m.
The Pennsylvania State Police officer forwards the image of Crooks to
his Secret Service counterparts in the trailer.
[50][51][95][59][62][63][52][excessive citations]
5:52 p.m.
The Secret Service notifies its counter-sniper team and response agents
of a suspicious person with a rangefinder on the ground. Secret Service
countersnipers spot Crooks. [95][50][51][53][62][63][52][excessive
citations]
5:54 p.m.
Lenz reports to traffic-control officers that his unit has lost sight
of Crooks. [59]
6:02 p.m.
As Donald Trump prepares to walk onstage, a Beaver County sniper
locates Crooks, who walks with a backpack into a dead end between the
northernmost AGR buildings. [59]
6:03 p.m.
Trump walks to his podium. [56][95]
6:05:12 p.m.
Trump begins speaking. [57]
6:06 p.m.
Crooks scales an air-conditioning unit to access the roof of an AGR
International building while officers search for him on the ground.
[58][59]
6:08:21 p.m.
As Crooks walks across a series of interconnected roofs to reach the
southernmost warehouse of the AGR International complex, a local law
enforcement officer reports over radio, "Someone's on the roof". At
least four Pennsylvania law enforcement officers begin an effort to
reach Crooks. [59][96][67][97][58]
~6:09 p.m.
Several bystanders notice a person carrying a rifle on a distant roof
and report their sightings to law enforcement officers.
[62][63][59][95][57][48][excessive citations]
6:10:55 p.m.
Hoisted by another officer, a Butler Township police officer attempts
to climb onto the rooftop on which Crooks is located. Crooks aims his
rifle at the officer, and the officer releases his grip, falling 8 feet
(2.4 m) to the ground and severely injuring his ankle; the officer's
bodycam records the event. The officer reports via radio that Crooks is
armed with a "long gun". Lenz requests deployment of the Butler County
quick response force, located near the AGR International complex.
[72][59][98][99][58][48][excessive citations]
6:11:33 p.m.
Immediately after his encounter with law enforcement, Crooks fires the
first of eight shots into the rally venue. Trump pauses his speech
midsentence as the shot is fired. [57][95][73][74][100][48][excessive
citations]
6:11:34 p.m.
Trump raises his hand to his right ear. Crooks fires two more shots.
[57][95][82][91][83][76][84][excessive citations]
6:11:35 p.m.
Trump drops down behind the lectern of his podium for cover as Secret
Service agents start moving toward the podium to surround him.
[57][82][91][83][101][76][84][48][excessive citations]
6:11:37 p.m.
Crooks fires five more shots. An outbound shot is fired by a member of
Butler County's Emergency Services Unit. Crooks stops firing and
repositions himself. [57][95][82][64][65][80][83][76][84][91][excessive
citations]
6:11:49 p.m.
After a team of Secret Service countersnipers, located on a building
behind Trump's left shoulder, reorients toward Crooks, a member of the
team fatally shoots Crooks.
[73][64][65][80][74][100][101][57][95][excessive citations]
6:12:25 p.m.
Secret Service agents lift Trump, preparing to walk him offstage. [57]
6:12:33 p.m.
Trump requests that the Secret Service agents wait while he gets his
shoes. [57]
6:12:47 p.m.
Secret Service agents begin escorting Trump offstage while Trump raises
his fist, pumps it at the crowd, and begins mouthing the words "Fight!
Fight! Fight!" [57]
6:14 p.m.
Trump is escorted to a vehicle and taken to the nearby Butler Memorial
Hospital (BMH) for examination. [95]
6:40 p.m.
The BMH emergency room is cleared, and Trump begins receiving
treatment. [95]
6:51 p.m.
The Trump campaign releases a statement describing Trump as "fine" as
he is medically examined. [57]
8:42 p.m.
Trump posts a statement on Truth Social about the assassination
attempt. [57]
8:53 p.m.
Trump's motorcade leaves the BMH, bound for Pittsburgh International
Airport (PIT). [57][102]
10:49 p.m.
Trump's motorcade arrives at PIT. Trump is "held in place" at the
airport. [95][102]
11:21 p.m.
Trump leaves PIT on a flight heading toward Newark Liberty
International Airport. [95][103]
Victims
Trump standing alongside Corey Comperatore's fire department uniform
while delivering his July 18 acceptance speech at the 2024 Republican
National Convention
Corey Comperatore of Sarver, Pennsylvania, was killed by gunfire.[2]
Comperatore, aged 50, worked as a project and tooling engineer and was
the former chief of the Buffalo Township Volunteer Fire Company.[110]
According to Comperatore's family and Pennsylvania governor Josh
Shapiro, he died while shielding his wife and two daughters from
gunfire.[108][111] In addition to Trump, a number of other people were
injured.[112] Two other male audience members, aged 57 and 74, were shot
and critically injured.[113][114][115] Both victims were listed as
being in stable condition the following day.[116] The 57-year-old victim
was discharged from the hospital on July 24;[117] the 74-year-old was
discharged on July 26.[118]
U.S. representative Ronny Jackson stated that a bullet grazed his
nephew's neck,[4] which was treated by medical personnel at the
scene.[119] Four Pittsburgh Police officers, who were feet away from
Trump, suffered minor injuries from flying debris when bullets struck
objects nearby.[120]
Perpetrator
Main article: Thomas Matthew Crooks
On July 14, the FBI identified the shooter as 20-year-old Thomas Matthew
Crooks of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, which is about an hour's drive
from the rally venue.[7][121][122] Crooks is believed to have acted
alone. The rifle Crooks used had been legally bought by his father in
2013, who sold it to Crooks in October 2023.[39][123][75] He had no
criminal record.[92][122] The FBI said that there had been "no
indication of any mental health issues" regarding Crooks.[124]
Crooks attended Bethel Park High School and graduated from Community
College of Allegheny County two months before the shooting.[125][126] He
worked as a dietary aide in the kitchen of a nearby nursing
home.[127][9] Some people who knew him characterized him as quiet, and a
former classmate said he had been bullied "every day" at school for
wearing camouflage to class.[122] Most neighbors also described Crooks
as quiet and as a "normal person".[128] He was a member of the Clairton
Sportsmen's Club, which has a 200-yard (180 m) rifle range.[129][9]
After the shooting, the FBI uncovered a social media account "believed
to be associated with the shooter" with about 700 comments from 2019 to
2020. Reports regarding the content of the posts are currently not
unanimous. One account from GAB CEO Andrew Torba said that posts
requested from his platform by the FBI were "pro-Biden's immigration
policy",[130] whereas a public statement from FBI deputy director Paul
Abbate described Crooks's activity on social networking services as
antisemitic, anti-immigrant, extreme, and espousing political
violence.[131] Crooks's Internet activity before the attack included
searches related to the 2021 Oxford High School shooting and for other
politicians and their events.[132]
He was a registered Republican;[122][133][134] his voter registration
had been active since September 2021, the month he turned 18.[135][122]
Federal campaign finance records show that on January 20,
2021,[136][137] when he was 17,[138] Crooks donated $15 to a voter
turnout group, the Progressive Turnout Project, through a platform
called ActBlue, which is used by Democrats and progressive
organizations.[139][126][140]
Aftermath
Trump was transported to Butler Memorial Hospital for examination
immediately after the shooting.[141] A Secret Service spokesperson
confirmed that he was safe.[2][82] Trump's motorcade left the hospital
at around 9:30 p.m. EDT bound for Pittsburgh International Airport.[102]
Trump landed in Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey in
the early hours of July 14 and spent the night at Trump National Golf
Club Bedminster.[103] Security at Trump Tower and the RNC was
strengthened after the shooting.[142][143]
Soon after being confirmed as safe, Trump released a statement on his
own social media platform Truth Social:[144][145][146]
I want to thank The United States Secret Service, and all of Law
Enforcement, for their rapid response on the shooting that just took
place in Butler, Pennsylvania. Most importantly, I want to extend my
condolences to the family of the person at the Rally who was killed, and
also to the family of another person that was badly injured. It is
incredible that such an act can take place in our Country. Nothing is
known at this time about the shooter, who is now dead. I was shot with a
bullet that pierced the upper part of my right ear. I knew immediately
that something was wrong in that I heard a whizzing sound, shots, and
immediately felt the bullet ripping through the skin. Much bleeding took
place, so I realized then what was happening. GOD BLESS AMERICA!
— Donald Trump
No information about Trump's medical care was released during the week
that followed the shooting.[147] Representative Ronny Jackson, Trump's
former White House physician, released limited statements about Trump's
injury and treatment on July 20 and 26;[148][149] however, neither
Trump's attending physician nor physicians at Butler Memorial Hospital
made any statements, and some questions about Trump's diagnosis and
treatment remained unanswered.[150]
Trump wearing a bandage on his ear at the 2024 Republican National
Convention
Trump attended the Republican National Convention (RNC) on July 15 with a
bandage covering his entire right ear.[151] Several RNC attendees began
wearing fake ear bandages during the convention,[152] with a Republican
strategist telling the Washington Post, "It was truly a surreal moment
that people are still processing, and this is a recognizable show of
solidarity in a meme-ified political moment."[153] The fad reportedly
started with Arizona delegate Joe Neglia, with Neglia stating he made
his bandage on the way to Milwaukee after seeing Trump wearing one
during his first appearance after the attempt.[154][155]
The Trump campaign organized a GoFundMe fundraising campaign for the
rally goers who were wounded or killed, raising over $2 million by July
14.[156] Comperatore's firefighting uniform, with his name misspelled by
the fire department as "Compertore",[157] was brought on stage during
Trump's speech at the RNC. Trump kissed Comperatore's helmet.[158][159]
Comperatore's funeral was held the next day on July 19.[160]
After the shooting, stocks linked to Trump's media and technology
interests experienced a significant surge, as well as shares of other
companies that could benefit from a Donald Trump presidency, such as
cryptocurrency stocks and gun stocks. Trump Media & Technology Group
shares soared 31%, lifting its stock market value to $7.7 billion, and
major cryptocurrency-related stocks, including Coinbase and bitcoin
miners Riot Platforms and Marathon Digital, saw increases of 11% to 18%.
Video-sharing platform Rumble, known for its popularity among
conservative viewers, saw its stock price jump 21%. These surges reflect
increased investor confidence in Trump's chances of winning the
upcoming U.S. presidential election.[161]
According to CNN, the exchange of public interventions in the aftermath
of the event has been followed by tensions between local law enforcement
officials and the Secret Service.[162]
Investigation
The FBI is leading an investigation with the United States Department of
Justice National Security Division, the U.S. Secret Service, and the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.[163][2] The
incident is being investigated as an assassination attempt, and also as
an act of domestic terrorism.[164][165][71]
Police removed Crooks's corpse from the rooftop.[69] He was carrying no
identification.[166][167] The FBI confirmed his identity via fingerprint
biometrics and DNA profiling.[2] Explosives were found at Crooks's home
and in the car he used to travel to the rally.[1][168] A remote
transmitter was found in his pocket.[169] Crooks owned two smartphones
and at least one laptop.[170]
Soon after the shooting, FBI Laboratory staff performed mobile device
forensics on his smartphones, which entails defeating the device's
security measures. This, according to an Electronic Frontier Foundation
researcher, was probably done using a Cellebrite device or an
undisclosed in-house method.[171][170] They found that Crooks had
searched for images of Trump, Biden, and several other public figures,
and that he had looked up dates of Trump's rallies and the Democratic
National Convention.[170] Investigators also found that in April 2024,
he had made searches about major depressive disorder, although there has
not been a determination about whether he was diagnosed.[172][173] FBI
director Christopher Wray had discovered that on July 6, Crooks had made
a search about "how far was Oswald away from Kennedy", referencing the
assassination of John F. Kennedy, and that he had registered for Trump's
rally on that date. The FBI had also discovered that two hours before
the assassination attempt, Crooks flew a drone near the rally.[174][175]
On July 25, the FBI said it wanted to interview Trump, as a crime
victim, to obtain his victim statement.[176] In a July 29 Fox News
interview, Trump said that he expected the FBI interview to take place
on August 1.[177] FBI's Office of Public Affairs released a statement on
July 27 saying "What struck former President Trump in the ear was a
bullet, whether whole or fragmented into smaller pieces, fired from the
deceased subject's rifle."[178] An analysis from the New York Times of
the events including bullet trajectories and other information,
concluded that the first bullet fired by Crooks grazed Trump's ear.[179]
During a Senate hearing, Secret Service acting director Ronald Rowe was
unable to answer how Crooks got his rifle onto the rooftop of the AGR
International warehouse in Butler; the BBC described it as a "remaining
mystery" of the ongoing investigation.[180] There was some conflict in
Senate testimony about the FBI's investigation of what wounded Trump,
with FBI director Wray stating on July 24 that there was some question
about whether a bullet or shrapnel hit Trump's ear, and FBI deputy
director Abbate stating on July 30 that there was never any doubt that a
bullet had struck Trump's ear.[181][182]
A U.S. House task force was launched to investigate the attempted
assassination.[183]
In response to a public records request weeks after the assassination
attempt, police bodycam footage from the day of the rally was
released.[184] According to the New York Times, the footage provided
more clarity about the movements of nearby law enforcement officers with
respect to previous releases of data.[185]
Motive
Authorities and experts have offered several speculative theories as to
the motive of the attack and Crooks's intentions as the investigation
has gone on.
One investigative lead is looking into whether the attack was
politically motivated.[186] The FBI said that Crooks's political beliefs
are unclear; the limited information relating Crooks's political views
has been called contradictory, for example Crooks being both a
registered republican and having donated to ActBlue.[187][122][126]
Another line of thinking proposed by authorities is that Crooks may have
intended to carry out a larger mass-casualty attack or mass shooting at
the rally, rather than singularly target Trump. This is based on
discoveries made on Crooks' phone, including internet searches about the
2021 Oxford High School shooting and a photo of its perpetrator, Ethan
Crumbley, saved on the device. The discovery of an explosive device,
bulletproof vest and additional magazines in Crooks' vehicle at the
rally has also been suggested as further indication of a larger attack
being planned. Additionally, a number of explosive devices were
recovered from Crooks' home.[188][132] The assassination attempt fits
some definitions of a mass shooting, but it is unclear if this was
intentional on Crooks's part.[189]
Experts have offered varying opinions on this. James Densley, founder of
the Violence Project, a research organisation focused on mass shootings
and their perpetrators, suggested "(this might be) somebody intent on
perpetrating mass violence, and they happened to pick a political
rally".[190] Former FBI behavioural analyst Kathleen Pickett suggested
that Crooks was "(not) ready for an assault", citing his lack of body
armour and use of a singular firearm.[188] Domestic terrorism expert
Javed Ali stated "in my assessment, this was only about killing Trump.
It wasn't a mass shooting. He didn't empty the magazine on fully
automatic and kill as many people as he could. Instead, he was firing
controlled bursts."[191]
Officials maintain that no confirmed motive has been determined and
remains under investigation.
Criticism of security arrangements
The Secret Service security detail responsible for protecting the former
president during the rally is facing criticism and intense scrutiny for
not securing access to the roof of the building from which Crooks
committed the shooting.[192] Three police snipers were present in the
building, but none were present on the roof or able to cover
it.[60][193][194][195] Local law-enforcement sources interviewed by
BeaverCountian.com said this was due to "extremely poor planning" and
manpower shortages.[50] Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers
expressed concerns about what they perceived as errors or oversights
that exposed Trump to gunfire.[196] The Secret Service stated that it
added protective resources to accommodate campaign travel schedules,
disputing claims that it did not provide requested extra protection for
Trump.[197] Director of the Secret Service Kimberly Cheatle admitted
that the lapse was "unacceptable".[198] In a reversal, the Secret
Service later acknowledged denying requests from the Trump campaign for
additional security for the past two years. The requests included
additional snipers and special teams for outdoor events.[199][200] A
failure in inter-agency communications has also been pointed out.[201]
Several prominent politicians and officials, mostly Republican, argued
that DEI hiring by the Biden administration had compromised Secret
Service training.[202] Secret Service director Kimberly Cheatle and
female agents serving in Trump's security detail faced scrutiny,
especially after the release of video showing one of the agents
struggling to holster her weapon, and crouching behind Trump.[202][203]
Trump spoke in defense of a female agent who shielded him as he was
escorted off stage, and commended her bravery.[204]
President Biden ordered an independent review on the federal security
provided by the Secret Service in order to comprehend how the gunman
nearly assassinated Trump with a clear view of sight. The findings of
this review will be made public. Additionally, Biden instructed the
Secret Service to reassess all security protocols for the Republican
National Convention in Milwaukee, where Trump was expected to be
officially nominated as the Republican candidate for the presidential
election on November 5.[205]
Independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. was approved to
receive Secret Service protection two days after the assassination
attempt against Trump. Kennedy had previously sought protection from the
Secret Service but was denied by Department of Homeland Security
Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas. Kennedy had instead been relying on a
private security firm for the duration of his presidential
campaign.[206][207]
On July 22, Cheatle testified before the United States House Committee
on Oversight and Accountability; the New York Times reported that she
failed to answer basic questions about the assassination attempt.
Lawmakers from both parties called for her resignation.[208] On July 23,
Cheatle's resignation was announced.[209]
According to The New York Times, the law enforcement agencies that
assisted the Secret Service the day of the shooting were the
Pennsylvania State Police, the Butler Township Police Department, the
Butler County Sheriff, Pittsburgh Bureau of Police, and multicounty
tactical teams.[210] The Pennsylvania State Police commissioner
testified that officers at the event were busy responding to over 100
heat-related emergencies, and handling multiple reports of suspicious
individuals at the rally, which was not considered unusual.[39]
According to a report in the New York Times, the Secret Service did not
accept offers to use a drone to support their surveillance at the Butler
rally site.[211]
Photographs
Main article: Donald Trump raised-fist photographs
See also: Public image of Donald Trump
External image
image icon Photograph of a bloodied Trump raising his fist shortly after
the assassination attempt. This image was part of a series of
photographs by photojournalist Evan Vucci that were widely circulated
after the attempt.[212][213]
Photographer Evan Vucci of the Associated Press captured widely praised
images of a bloodied Trump pumping his fist in the air, surrounded by
Secret Service members, with an American flag in the background.[214]
The photos quickly spread on social media and television and were widely
circulated by Trump's allies, including the National Republican
Senatorial Committee, family members, and Republican members of
Congress.[215][216] The images were seen as encapsulating strength,
resilience, patriotism, Donald Trump himself, the United States, as well
as the ongoing culture war in the country.[217][218][219][220]
Also widely reproduced and discussed was an image by New York Times
photographer Doug Mills apparently showing a bullet passing
Trump.[221][222][223]
Reactions
The incident was the most serious attempt to kill a US president or
presidential candidate since Ronald Reagan was shot in 1981.[71][224]
Political scientists,[225][226] historians,[227][226] and many
Democratic and Republican political figures[228] pointed to the shooting
as a consequence of political polarization in the United States.[229]
The shooting led to widespread sympathy for Trump on social media,[230]
and public figures across the political spectrum both domestically and
internationally[231] urged a decrease in tensions, condemning the
assassination attempt.[226][232]
Domestic
U.S. president Joe Biden commenting on the assassination attempt, July
13
On July 14, Biden gave an address condemning political violence,
including the attempted assassination of Trump, arguing for the need to
"lower the temperature" in American politics.
Statement from President Joe Biden
I have been briefed on the shooting at Donald Trump's rally in
Pennsylvania.
I'm grateful to hear that he's safe and doing well. I'm praying for
him and his family and for all those who were at the rally, as we await
further information.
Jill and I are grateful to the Secret Service for getting him to
safety. There's no place for this kind of violence in America. We must
unite as one nation to condemn it.
Joe Biden, The White House, July 13, 2024
After the shooting, President Joe Biden said: "Look, there's no place in
America for this kind of violence. It's sick. It's sick. It's one of
the reasons we have to unite this country... Everybody must condemn it."
In a separate statement, he said he was grateful that Trump was
safe.[233][16][234] Biden also publicly expressed his condolences for
Comperatore, hailing his actions as a father.[235] Biden and Trump spoke
on the evening of the incident.[236] On July 14, Biden ordered an
independent security review of Trump's rally and warned against
political violence in an Oval Office address.[237][238]
House Speaker Mike Johnson pledged to open an investigation into the
shooting, seeking testimony from federal law enforcement and national
security officials. Senate Republicans urged the Democratic-controlled
Senate to conduct hearings as well.[239][240]
Republican U.S. Representative Mike Collins argued that Biden "sent the
orders" on Twitter, referencing a quote from Biden saying "'It's time to
put Trump in a bullseye.'"[241] Republican Senator JD Vance—later
chosen as Trump's running mate[242]—blamed the Biden campaign's
political rhetoric, while Republican Senator Tim Scott blamed messaging
by "the radical left and corporate media".[243] Republican House
Majority Leader Steve Scalise, who was seriously injured in the
Congressional baseball shooting, said that Democratic leaders had been
fueling "ludicrous hysteria" about Trump and called for the "incendiary
rhetoric" to stop.[244] Republican Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene
criticized Democratic Representative Bennie Thompson for having
introduced a bill that would strip Secret Service protection from
convicted felons, including Trump.[244] Jacqueline Marsaw—a member of
Thompson's staff—was fired after a social media post that read "I don't
condone violence but please get you some shooting lessons so you don't
miss next time oops that wasn't me saying that".[245][246]
Steven Woodrow, a Democratic member of the Colorado House of
Representatives, posted on Twitter in response to the assassination
attempt: "The last thing America needed was sympathy for the devil but
here we are."[247] His post was widely criticized, including by the
Colorado Democratic Party;[248] Woodrow deleted his account about three
hours after his post. Afterward, he told the Washington Examiner that he
condemned the shooting "on the strongest terms".[247]
Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro denounced political violence and
ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in honor of Comperatore, who
was killed.[249][250] Colorado Governor Jared Polis called for Biden to
extend Secret Service protection to independent presidential candidate
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[251] Requests for protection by the Secret Service
of independent presidential candidates are considered on an as-needed
basis. Biden directed the Secret Service to do so on July 15.[252]
Former president George W. Bush called the shooting "cowardly" and
applauded the Secret Service's response.[253] Former presidents Barack
Obama and Bill Clinton and former secretary of state Hillary Clinton,
who was Trump's opponent in the 2016 presidential election, also
condemned the attack and wished Trump a swift recovery.[254][255] Mike
Pence, who served as Vice President of the United States under Trump
(2017–2021) and launched a rival bid to Trump in the 2024 Republican
presidential primaries, released a statement saying "Karen and I thank
God that President Trump is safe and recovering following yesterday's
attempted assassination", praising the Secret Service for their quick
response which Pence opined "undoubtedly saved lives", adding "There is
no place in America for political violence and it must be universally
condemned."[256] The Carter Center, founded by former president Jimmy
Carter, condemned the attack and called for Americans to "embrace
civility".[257] John Hinckley Jr., who attempted to assassinate Ronald
Reagan in 1981, said "violence is not the way to go".[258][259]
Mark Webb, a bishop of the Global Methodist Church—the Christian
denomination in which Corey Comperatore held church membership—stated
that the assassination attempt was a "senseless act of violence and
hatred" and implored all to "comfort those who mourn and boldly offer
the promise of resurrection and new life through Jesus Christ".[104]
The National Council of Churches condemned the assassination attempt,
along with "toxic polarization, hate rhetoric, and the demonization and
denigration of those who hold different opinions".[260] Archbishop
Timothy Broglio, president of the United States Conference of Catholic
Bishops, issued a statement condemning the shooting as political
violence, emphasizing that it is never a solution to political
disagreements.[261][262]
International
Many heads of state and of government, as well as of international
organizations, condemned the shooting and expressed good wishes to
Trump.[263][264]
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada issued a statement on social
media that he was sickened by the attack, adding "my thoughts are with
former President Trump, those at the event, and all Americans." Trudeau
spoke to Trump on the phone after the attack.[265] In the United
Kingdom, Prime Minister Keir Starmer led condemnation of the shooting
saying that he was appalled by the attack on Trump, stating that
political violence had "no place in our society".[266] Buckingham Palace
confirmed on July 15 that King Charles III had written to Trump after
the assassination attempt.[267] First Minister of Scotland John Swinney
also condemned the incident.[268][269] On July 14, the Palestinian
president Mahmoud Abbas sent a letter to Trump, which the latter posted
on his social media site.[270]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India strongly condemned the incident,
stating that "violence has no place in politics and democracies" and
wished Trump a speedy recovery.[271] Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of
Australia condemned the shooting, saying there was "no place for
violence in the democratic process" and added that he was relieved to
hear Trump was safe.[272] Prime Minister Christopher Luxon of New
Zealand said he was shocked to hear of what had occurred, adding that
"no country should encounter such political violence".[273]
Chancellor Olaf Scholz of Germany condemned the shooting as an "attack
on democracy", describing the attack on Trump as despicable and wishing
the former president a quick recovery.[274] Other European leaders to
condemn the shooting included Viktor Orbán of Hungary,[264] Simon Harris
of Ireland,[275] Giorgia Meloni of Italy,[276] Luc Frieden of
Luxembourg[277] and Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine.[264] President Recep
Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey held a telephone conversation with Trump and
praised his "bravery".[278] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel
released a video condemning the shooting and said it was an attack on
democratic institutions everywhere.[279][280]
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg expressed shock at the shooting,
condemning the attack on Trump, and wishing the former president a
speedy recovery.[281] António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United
Nations, was confirmed by a UN spokesperson to have unequivocally
condemned the attack, describing it as an act of political
violence.[282] The President of the European Commission Ursula von der
Leyen issued a statement saying that she was "deeply shocked" by the
events at the rally, and offered condolences to the family of the
deceased audience member, Corey Comperatore.[283]
Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary of Russian president Vladimir Putin,
condemned the event, adding that the shooting took place in an
atmosphere created by Biden's leadership, in the context of what he
argued to be attempts to remove Trump from the political arena.[284]
Cuba blamed the U.S. arms industry and increased political violence in
America.[231] Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze and other
Georgian government officials blamed the attack on the "Global War
Party", a recurring conspiracy theory of the Georgian Dream party
alleging a mysterious international organization that exerts influence
on the Western world from the shadows.[272][285][286]
Online
The event garnered much commentary by Internet users.[17][287] There was
much activity on Twitter.[288] Tweets about the event gained millions
of views in the first hour;[289] "Trump" was the top trending topic,
with over 228,000 posts;[289] one livestream had hundreds of thousands
of people in its audience.[289] Posts, pictures, and videos related to
the event not only were seen from accounts users were following, but
also appeared prominently in users' algorithmic "for you" feeds.[17]
While much larger audiences posted on Twitter,[289] the event was also
discussed on 4chan,[290][291] TikTok,[290] Reddit,[290] and Meta-owned
Instagram and Threads.[289] Similar bursts of activity happened on
pro-Trump website patriots.win[292] and Telegram,[289] on the latter of
which some far-right groups carried out a "pattern of mass deletion of
posts [...] in case it was one of their own".[293]
Topics of discourse (on both the left[287] and right wings[292])
involved details of the security setup, who was to blame for the
attack,[17] what kind of weapon the shooter had used,[293] and whether
language used by politicians and the media had "inflamed tensions" and
played a role in motivating the attack.[17] The Atlantic described
posters as "trying to make their own order amid intense disorder".[294] A
very large number of claims made in the period immediately after the
attack were unverified or conjectural, including multiple failed
attempts at identifying the attacker.[289] Many turned out to be false,
while others were jokes or deliberate hoaxes.[289]
While some people on the Internet (including left-wing users,[287]
right-wing users,[292] and bots) suggested or claimed that the attack
had been staged as a false flag, and the words "Trump" and "staged" were
briefly the two highest-trending topics in the period immediately after
the attack,[288][295][294] no evidence emerged to support that this was
the case.[288] Some false claims that gained significant circulation
were derived from early media reports, superseded by later reports,
including the claim that Trump was hit by a glass fragment flying at him
from a teleprompter purportedly shattered by a bullet; the
teleprompters were intact after the shooting.[296][297]
After the attack, Congressman Mike Collins, a Republican in Georgia,
criticized a statement Biden had made earlier in the month[17] during a
conversation with other Democrats: "I have one job, and that's to beat
Donald Trump... It's time to put Trump in a bullseye."[298] Reuters said
that "many of [Trump's] supporters began laying blame on Democrats,
seeking to flip the script on who has stoked America's heated political
rhetoric as cases of political violence reach historic heights",[299]
including[290] Texas representative Keith Self, who argued that his
language had incited violence.[300][236] Biden later apologized for the
remark, saying "It was a mistake to use the word. I didn't say
crosshairs. I meant bullseye, I meant focus on [Trump]. Focus on what
he's doing."[301]
Misinformation and conspiracy theories
Misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories about the
assassination attempt also quickly spread on social media, gaining
popularity within minutes of the shooting.[17][295][293][302] MIT
misinformation expert Adam Berinsky described the fast spread of such
theories online as reflecting the extensive political division prevalent
in the United States,[292] and author Colin Dickey opined that the
spread was due to the "long love affair with conspiracy theories of all
kinds" in the country.[303] BBC News disinformation and social media
correspondent Marianna Spring said that "the real change... is how this
kind of lingo is being widely used by the average social media users"
rather than being on the fringe, further noting that many of the
"most-viral" false posts "came from left-leaning users who regularly
share their anti-Trump views".[17] The Associated Press described the
two competing conspiracy theories that are being established online—that
the shooting was either staged by Trump or orchestrated by Biden—as
being "one for each end of America's polarized political spectrum".[304]
Planned by Democrats
Many right-wing conspiracy theories circulated on social media. "Antifa"
became a trending topic after posts on Twitter blamed the shooting on a
"prominent Antifa activist",[289] while other posts claimed the
perpetrator was Jewish or transgender.[293] A photo of an unrelated
transgender woman was claimed on social media to be of Crooks.[305][306]
CBS News wrote that users on Twitter alleged that "Secret Service
resources were diverted from Trump's rally", an unsubstantiated claim
denied by a spokesperson and echoed by Elon Musk, as part of the
"baseless theory" that the agency is part of "a conspiracy to get rid of
the former president".[291] Many Trump supporters claimed the event was
a deep state plot to prevent Trump's re-election.[307] Several
antisemitic conspiracy theories have also been reported.[308][309][310]
Marjorie Taylor Greene, based on Biden's "bullseye" comments, said that
"Democrats wanted this to happen",[290] and U.S. representative Mike
Collins made the false claim that Biden "sent the orders".[311][312]
According to The New York Times, the claim that Biden orchestrated the
shooting was "perhaps the most dominant" conspiracy theory.[292] The
Institute for Strategic Dialogue described this as part of a "massive
online spread of false claims".[292] Biden later apologized for the
remark, saying "It was a mistake to use the word. I didn't say
crosshairs. I meant bullseye, I meant focus on [Trump]. Focus on what
he's doing."[301]
Planned by Republicans
Within minutes of the shooting, the word "staged" became the
second-highest trending topic on Twitter,[289] generating approximately
600 million views with the help of bot accounts.[288] Left-wing users
posted conspiracy theories of a "false flag" operation,[294] dubbed
"BlueAnon", in reference to QAnon.[287][313][314][315] False claims
included that the shooting and blood on Trump were faked; that crisis
actors were used;[316] that the victim who died was a "'sacrifice' to
make the attempt look more realistic";[288] that the shooting was
intended to improve Trump's likelihood of winning the election;[292]
and, according to a Democratic strategist, that the shooting was staged
by Republicans to improve Trump's image.[294] The Washington Post
journalist Taylor Lorenz wrote that "As more Americans lose trust in
mainstream institutions and turn to partisan commentators and
influencers for information, experts say they are seeing a big uptick in
the manufacture and spread of left-wing conspiracy theories, a sign
that the communal warping of reality is no longer occurring primarily on
the right."[287] A poll by Morning Consult two days after the shooting
implied one in five Americans believe the shooting was staged, including
one third of Biden voters.[317][318]
Planned by BlackRock
BlackRock is the world's largest asset manager.[319] In the days after
the shooting, a conspiracy theory centered on BlackRock, and propagated
by cryptocurrency promoters, as a continuation of previous conspiracy
narratives involving the company. This was spurred by the fact that
Crooks had appeared in a BlackRock advertisement in 2022, which had been
filmed at his high school.[320][321] In less than a day, a tweet
revealing Crooks's appearance in the advertisement video was viewed more
than 17 million times.[321] The video was then removed by the
company.[322] The conspiracy theory that some people had foreknowledge
is based on the fact that on July 12, 2024, one day before the
assassination attempt, the investment company Austin Private Wealth
filed a report with the Securities and Exchange Commission indicating
that it had shorted 12 million shares of Trump Media & Technology
Group (ticker symbol DJT), thus betting that the value of the stock
would decrease.[323] Four days later, the filing was amended to 1,200
shares, and the company apologized for its "filing error".[323]
See also
2024 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
List of mass shootings in the United States in 2024
Security incidents involving Donald Trump
Notes
A claimed fourth injury—U.S. representative Ronny Jackson's
nephew—has not been confirmed by independent sources; the sole source is
Jackson himself.
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Books
Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987) Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)
Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997) The America We Deserve (2000)
Trump: How to Get Rich (2004) The Way to the Top (2004) Trump 101 (2006)
Why We Want You to Be Rich (2006) Think Big and Kick Ass (2007) Time to
Get Tough (2011) Midas Touch (2011) Crippled America (2015)
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campaign officials and Russian government officials Crossfire Hurricane
2016 Republican primaries
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U.S.A." (campaign song)
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Coordinates: 40°N 100°W
Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see America
(disambiguation), US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), The United
States of America (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation).
United States of America
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: "In God We Trust"[1]
Other traditional mottos:[2]
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner"[3]
Duration: 1 minute and 29 seconds.1:29
Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America
Show globe (states and D.C. only)
Show the U.S. and its territories
Show territories with exclusive economic zone
Show all
Capital Washington, D.C.
38°53′N 77°1′W
Largest city New York City
40°43′N 74°0′W
Official languages None at the federal level[a]
National language English[b]
Ethnic groups (2020)[4][5][6]
By race:
61.6% White
12.4% Black
6% Asian
1.1% Native American
0.2% Pacific Islander
10.2% two or more races
8.4% other
By origin:
81.3% non-Hispanic or Latino
18.7% Hispanic or Latino
Religion (2023)[7]
67% Christianity
33% Protestantism
22% Catholicism
1% Mormonism
11% other Christian
22% unaffiliated
2% Judaism
6% other religion
3% unanswered
Demonym(s) American[c][8]
Government Federal presidential republic
• President
Joe Biden
• Vice President
Kamala Harris
• House Speaker
Mike Johnson
• Chief Justice
John Roberts
Legislature Congress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Independence from Great Britain
• Declaration
July 4, 1776
• Confederation
March 1, 1781
• Recognized
September 3, 1783
• Constitution
June 21, 1788
Area
• Total area
3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)[9][d] (3rd)
• Water (%)
7.0[10] (2010)
• Land area
3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3rd)
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 334,914,895[11]
• 2020 census
Neutral increase 331,449,281[e][12] (3rd)
• Density
87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th)
GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $28.781 trillion[13] (2nd)
• Per capita
Increase $85,373[13] (8th)
GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $28.781 trillion[13] (1st)
• Per capita
Increase $85,373[13] (6th)
Gini (2022) Negative increase 41.7[f][14]
medium inequality
HDI (2022) Increase 0.927[15]
very high (20th)
Currency U.S. dollar ($) (USD)
Time zone UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (DST)
UTC−4 to −10[g]
Date format mm/dd/yyyy[h]
Driving side right[i]
Calling code +1
ISO 3166 code US
Internet TLD .us[16]
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the
United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in
North America. It is a federal union of 50 states, which also includes
its federal capital district of Washington, D.C., and 326 Indian
reservations.[j] The 48 contiguous states are bordered by Canada to the
north and Mexico to the south. The State of Alaska is non-contiguous and
lies to the northwest, while the State of Hawaii is an archipelago in
the Pacific Ocean. The United States also asserts sovereignty over five
major unincorporated island territories and various uninhabited
islands.[k] The country has the world's third-largest land area,[d]
second-largest exclusive economic zone, and third-largest population,
exceeding 334 million.[l]
Paleo-Indians migrated across the Bering land bridge more than 12,000
years ago, and went on to form various civilizations and societies.
British colonization led to the first settlement of the Thirteen
Colonies in Virginia in 1607. Clashes with the British Crown over
taxation and political representation sparked the American Revolution,
with the Second Continental Congress formally declaring independence on
July 4, 1776. Following its victory in the 1775–1783 Revolutionary War,
the country continued to expand across North America. As more states
were admitted, sectional division over slavery led to the secession of
the Confederate States of America, which fought the remaining states of
the Union during the 1861–1865 American Civil War. With the Union's
victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally. By 1890, the
United States had established itself as a great power. After Japan's
attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. entered World War II.
The aftermath of the war left the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the
world's two superpowers and led to the Cold War, during which both
countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance and
international influence. Following the Soviet Union's collapse and the
end of the Cold War in 1991, the U.S. emerged as the world's sole
superpower, wielding significant geopolitical influence globally.
The U.S. national government is a presidential constitutional republic
and liberal democracy with three separate branches: legislative,
executive, and judicial. It has a bicameral national legislature
composed of the House of Representatives, a lower house based on
population; and the Senate, an upper house based on equal representation
for each state. Substantial autonomy is given to the states and several
territories, with a political culture promoting liberty, equality,
individualism, personal autonomy, and limited government.
One of the world's most developed countries, the United States has had
the largest nominal GDP since about 1890 and accounted for 15% of the
global economy in 2023.[m] It possesses by far the largest amount of
wealth of any country and has the highest disposable household income
per capita among OECD countries. The U.S. ranks among the world's
highest in economic competitiveness, productivity, innovation, and
higher education. Its hard power and cultural influence have a global
reach. The U.S. is a founding member of the World Bank, Organization of
American States, NATO, and United Nations,[n] as well as a permanent
member of the UN Security Council.
Etymology
Further information: Names of the United States, Demonyms for the United
States, and United Colonies
The first documented use of the phrase "United States of America" is a
letter from January 2, 1776. Stephen Moylan, a Continental Army aide to
General George Washington, wrote to Joseph Reed, Washington's
aide-de-camp, seeking to go "with full and ample powers from the United
States of America to Spain" to seek assistance in the Revolutionary War
effort.[21][22] The first known public usage is an anonymous essay
published in the Williamsburg newspaper, The Virginia Gazette, on April
6, 1776.[23][24][25] By June 1776, the "United States of America"
appeared in the Articles of Confederation[26][27] and the Declaration of
Independence.[26] The Second Continental Congress adopted the
Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.[28]
History
Main article: History of the United States
For a topical guide, see Outline of the history of the United States.
Indigenous peoples
Further information: Native Americans in the United States and
Pre-Columbian era
Cliff Palace, a settlement of ancestors of the Native American Pueblo
peoples in present-day Montezuma County, Colorado, built between c. 1200
and 1275[29]
The first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia across the
Bering land bridge about 12,000 years ago;[30][31] the Clovis culture,
which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to be the first widespread
culture in the Americas.[32][33] Over time, indigenous North American
cultures grew increasingly sophisticated, and some, such as the
Mississippian culture, developed agriculture, architecture, and complex
societies.[34] In the post-archaic period, the Mississippian cultures
were located in the midwestern, eastern, and southern regions, and the
Algonquian in the Great Lakes region and along the Eastern Seaboard,
while the Hohokam culture and Ancestral Puebloans inhabited the
southwest.[35] Native population estimates of what is now the United
States before the arrival of European immigrants range from around
500,000[36][37] to nearly 10 million.[37][38]
European settlement (from 1492) and the Thirteen Colonies (1607–1776)
Main article: Colonial history of the United States
See also: European colonization of the Americas
The 1750 colonial possessions of Britain (in pink and purple), France
(in blue), and Spain (in orange) in present-day Canada and the United
States
Christopher Columbus began exploring the Caribbean for Spain in 1492,
leading to Spanish-speaking settlements and missions from Puerto Rico
and Florida to New Mexico and California.[39][40][41] France established
its own settlements along the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico.[42]
British colonization of the East Coast began with the Virginia Colony
(1607) and Plymouth Colony (1620).[43][44] The Mayflower Compact and the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut established precedents for
representative self-governance and constitutionalism that would develop
throughout the American colonies.[45][46] While European settlers in
what is now the United States experienced conflicts with Native
Americans, they also engaged in trade, exchanging European tools for
food and animal pelts.[47][o] Relations ranged from close cooperation to
warfare and massacres. The colonial authorities often pursued policies
that forced Native Americans to adopt European lifestyles, including
conversion to Christianity.[51][52] Along the eastern seaboard, settlers
trafficked African slaves through the Atlantic slave trade.[53]
The original Thirteen Colonies[p] that would later found the United
States were administered by Great Britain,[54] and had local governments
with elections open to most white male property owners.[55][56] The
colonial population grew rapidly, eclipsing Native American
populations;[57] by the 1770s, the natural increase of the population
was such that only a small minority of Americans had been born
overseas.[58] The colonies' distance from Britain allowed for the
development of self-governance,[59] and the First Great Awakening, a
series of Christian revivals, fueled colonial interest in religious
liberty.[60]
American Revolution and the early republic (1776–1820)
Main articles: American Revolution and American Revolutionary War
Further information: History of the United States (1776–1789) and
History of the United States (1789–1815)
See caption
Declaration of Independence, a portrait by John Trumbull depicting the
Committee of Five presenting the draft of the Declaration to the
Continental Congress on June 28, 1776, in Philadelphia
After winning the French and Indian War, Britain began to assert greater
control over local colonial affairs, creating colonial political
resistance; one of the primary colonial grievances was a denial of their
rights as Englishmen, particularly the right to representation in the
British government that taxed them. In 1774, the First Continental
Congress met in Philadelphia, and passed the Continental Association, a
colonial boycott of British goods that proved effective. The British
attempt to then disarm the colonists resulted in the 1775 Battles of
Lexington and Concord, igniting the American Revolutionary War. At the
Second Continental Congress, the colonies appointed George Washington
commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and created a committee led
by Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence, which was
adopted on July 4, 1776, two days after passing the Lee Resolution to
create an independent nation.[61] The political values of the American
Revolution included liberty, inalienable individual rights; and the
sovereignty of the people;[62] supporting republicanism and rejecting
monarchy, aristocracy, and hereditary political power; virtue and
faithfulness in the performance of civic duties; and vilification of
corruption.[63] The Founding Fathers of the United States, who included
George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas
Jefferson, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, John Adams and many
others, were inspired by Greco-Roman, Renaissance, and Enlightenment
philosophies and ideas.[64][65]
After the British surrender at the siege of Yorktown in 1781 American
sovereignty was internationally recognized by the Treaty of Paris
(1783), through which the U.S. gained territory stretching west to the
Mississippi River, north to present-day Canada, and south to Spanish
Florida.[66] The Articles of Confederation were ratified in 1781 and
established a decentralized government that operated until 1789.[61] The
Northwest Ordinance (1787) established the precedent by which the
country's territory would expand with the admission of new states,
rather than the expansion of existing states.[67] The U.S. Constitution
was drafted at the 1787 Constitutional Convention to overcome the
limitations of the Articles. It went into effect in 1789, creating a
federation governed by three separate branches that together ensured a
system of checks and balances.[68] George Washington was elected the
country's first president under the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights
was adopted in 1791 to allay skeptics' concerns about the power of the
more centralized government.[69][70] His resignation as
commander-in-chief after the Revolution and later refusal to run for a
third term established the precedent of peaceful transfer of power and
supremacy of civil authority.[71][72]
Westward expansion and Civil War (1820–1865)
Further information: History of the United States (1815–1849) and
History of the United States (1849–1865)
American Progress (1872) by John Gast. Columbia, a personification of
the United States, is depicted leading American settlers west.
Division of the states during the American Civil War:
Union states
Border states
Confederate states
Territories
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) from France nearly doubled the territory
of the United States.[73][74] Lingering issues with Britain remained,
leading to the War of 1812, which was fought to a draw.[75][76] Spain
ceded Florida and its Gulf Coast territory in 1819.[77] In the late 18th
century, American settlers began to expand westward, many with a sense
of manifest destiny.[78][79] The Missouri Compromise attempted to
balance desires of northern states to prevent expansion of slavery in
the country with those of southern states to expand it, admitting
Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and declared a
policy of prohibiting slavery in the remaining Louisiana Purchase lands
north of the 36°30′ parallel.[80] As Americans expanded further into
land inhabited by Native Americans, the federal government often applied
policies of Indian removal or assimilation.[81][82] Organized
displacements prompted a long series of American Indian Wars west of the
Mississippi.[83][84] The Republic of Texas was annexed in 1845,[85] and
the 1846 Oregon Treaty led to U.S. control of the present-day American
Northwest.[86] Victory in the Mexican–American War resulted in the 1848
Mexican Cession of California and much of the present-day American
Southwest.[78][87] Issues of slavery in the new territories acquired
were temporarily resolved by the Compromise of 1850.[88][89]
During the colonial period, slavery had been legal in the American
colonies, though the practice began to be significantly questioned
during the American Revolution.[90] States in the North enacted
abolition laws,[91] though support for slavery strengthened in Southern
states, as inventions such as the cotton gin made the institution
increasingly profitable for Southern elites.[92][93][94] This sectional
conflict regarding slavery culminated in the American Civil War
(1861–1865).[95][96] Eleven slave states seceded and formed the
Confederate States of America, while the other states remained in the
Union.[97][98] War broke out in April 1861 after the Confederates
bombarded Fort Sumter.[99][100] After the January 1863 Emancipation
Proclamation, many freed slaves joined the Union Army.[101] The war
began to turn in the Union's favor following the 1863 Siege of Vicksburg
and Battle of Gettysburg, and the Confederacy surrendered in 1865 after
the Union's victory in the Battle of Appomattox Court House.[102] The
Reconstruction era followed the war. After the assassination of
President Abraham Lincoln, Reconstruction Amendments were passed to
protect the rights of African Americans. National infrastructure,
including transcontinental telegraph and railroads, spurred growth in
the American frontier.[103]
Post–Civil War era (1865–1917)
Main article: History of the United States (1865–1917)
Duration: 2 minutes and 27 seconds.2:27
An Edison Studios film showing immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in
New York Harbor, a major point of entry for European immigrants in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries[104][105]
From 1865 through 1917 an unprecedented stream of immigrants arrived in
the United States, including 24.4 million from Europe.[106] Most came
through the port of New York City, and New York City and other large
cities on the East Coast became home to large Jewish, Irish, and Italian
populations, while many Germans and Central Europeans moved to the
Midwest. At the same time, about one million French Canadians migrated
from Quebec to New England.[107] During the Great Migration, millions of
African Americans left the rural South for urban areas in the
North.[108] Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867.[109]
The Compromise of 1877 effectively ended Reconstruction and white
supremacists took local control of Southern politics.[110][111] African
Americans endured a period of heightened, overt racism following
Reconstruction, a time often called the nadir of American race
relations.[112][113] A series of Supreme Court decisions, including
Plessy v. Ferguson, emptied the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments of
their force, allowing Jim Crow laws in the South to remain unchecked,
sundown towns in the Midwest, and segregation in cities across the
country, which would be reinforced by the policy of redlining later
adopted by the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation.[114]
An explosion of technological advancement accompanied by the
exploitation of cheap immigrant labor[115] led to rapid economic
development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, allowing the
United States to outpace the economies of England, France, and Germany
combined.[116][117] This fostered the amassing of power by a few
prominent industrialists, largely by their formation of trusts and
monopolies to prevent competition.[118] Tycoons led the nation's
expansion in the railroad, petroleum, and steel industries. The United
States emerged as a pioneer of the automotive industry.[119] These
changes were accompanied by significant increases in economic
inequality, slum conditions, and social unrest, creating the environment
for labor unions to begin to flourish.[120][121][122] This period
eventually ended with the advent of the Progressive Era, which was
characterized by significant reforms.[123][124]
Pro-American elements in Hawaii overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy; the
islands were annexed in 1898. That same year, Puerto Rico, the
Philippines, and Guam were ceded to the U.S. by Spain after the latter's
defeat in the Spanish–American War. (The Philippines was granted full
independence from the U.S. on July 4, 1946, following World War II.
Puerto Rico and Guam have remained U.S. territories.)[125] American
Samoa was acquired by the United States in 1900 after the Second Samoan
Civil War.[126] The U.S. Virgin Islands were purchased from Denmark in
1917.[127]
Rise as a superpower (1917–1945)
Main article: History of the United States (1917–1945)
The Trinity nuclear test in 1945, part of the Manhattan Project and the
first detonation of a nuclear weapon. The World Wars permanently ended
the country's policy of isolationism and left it as a superpower.
The United States entered World War I alongside the Allies of World War
I, helping to turn the tide against the Central Powers.[128] In 1920, a
constitutional amendment granted nationwide women's suffrage.[129]
During the 1920s and '30s, radio for mass communication and the
invention of early television transformed communications
nationwide.[130] The Wall Street Crash of 1929 triggered the Great
Depression, which President Franklin D. Roosevelt responded to with the
New Deal, a series of sweeping programs, public work projects, financial
reforms, and regulations.[131][132]
Initially neutral during World War II, the U.S. began supplying war
materiel to the Allies of World War II in March 1941 and entered the war
in December after the Empire of Japan's attack on Pearl
Harbor.[133][134] The U.S. developed the first nuclear weapons and used
them against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August
1945, ending the war.[135][136] The United States was one of the "Four
Policemen" who met to plan the post-war world, alongside the United
Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China.[137][138] The U.S. emerged relatively
unscathed from the war, with even greater economic power and
international political influence.[139]
Cold War (1945–1991)
Main article: Cold War
Further information: History of the United States (1945–1964), History
of the United States (1964–1980), and History of the United States
(1980–1991)
Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Forces Treaty at the White House in 1987.
After World War II, the United States entered the Cold War, where
geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union led the two
countries to dominate world affairs.[140] The U.S. engaged in regime
change against governments perceived to be aligned with the Soviet
Union, and competed in the Space Race, culminating in the first crewed
Moon landing in 1969.[141][142][143][144] Domestically, the U.S.
experienced economic growth, urbanization, and population growth
following World War II.[145] The civil rights movement emerged, with
Martin Luther King Jr. becoming a prominent leader in the early
1960s.[146] The Great Society plan of President Lyndon Johnson's
administration resulted in groundbreaking and broad-reaching laws,
policies and a constitutional amendment to counteract some of the worst
effects of lingering institutional racism.[147] The counterculture
movement in the U.S. brought significant social changes, including the
liberalization of attitudes toward recreational drug use and sexuality.
It also encouraged open defiance of the military draft (leading to the
end of conscription in 1973) and wide opposition to U.S. intervention in
Vietnam (with the U.S. totally withdrawing in 1975).[148][149][150] The
societal shift in the roles of women partly resulted in large increases
in female labor participation in the 1970s, and by 1985 the majority of
women aged 16 and older were employed.[151] The late 1980s and early
1990s saw the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the dissolution of the
Soviet Union, which marked the end of the Cold War and solidified the
U.S. as the world's sole superpower.[152][153][154][155]
Contemporary (1991–present)
Main articles: History of the United States (1991–2008) and History of
the United States (2008–present)
The Twin Towers in New York City during the September 11 attacks in 2001
Crowd outside the Capitol during the January 6 United States Capitol
attack in 2021
The 1990s saw the longest recorded economic expansion in American
history, a dramatic decline in crime, and advances in technology, with
the World Wide Web, the evolution of the Pentium microprocessor in
accordance with Moore's law, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the
first gene therapy trial, and cloning all emerging and improved upon
throughout the decade. The Human Genome Project was formally launched in
1990, while Nasdaq became the first stock market in the United States
to trade online in 1998.[156] In 1991, an American-led international
coalition of states expelled an Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait in the
Gulf War.[157]
The September 11 attacks in 2001 by the pan-Islamist militant
organization al-Qaeda led to the war on terror and subsequent military
interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.[158][159] The cultural impact of
the attacks was profound and long-lasting.
The U.S. housing bubble culminated in 2007 with the Great Recession, the
largest economic contraction since the Great Depression.[160] Coming to
a head in the 2010s, political polarization increased as sociopolitical
debates on cultural issues dominated politics.[161][162][163] This
polarization was capitalized upon in the January 2021 Capitol attack,
when a mob of insurrectionists entered the U.S. Capitol and attempted to
prevent the peaceful transfer of power.[164]
Geography
Main article: Geography of the United States
See also: Borders of the United States
A topographic map of the United States
The United States is the world's third-largest country by total area
behind Russia and Canada.[d][165][166] The 48 contiguous states and the
District of Columbia occupy a combined area of 3,119,885 square miles
(8,080,470 km2).[167][168] The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard
gives way to inland forests and rolling hills in the Piedmont plateau
region.[169]
The Appalachian Mountains and the Adirondack massif separate the East
Coast from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest.[170] The
Mississippi River System, the world's fourth-longest river system, runs
predominantly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat and
fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted
by a highland region in the southeast.[170]
The Grand Canyon in Arizona
The Rocky Mountains, west of the Great Plains, extend north to south
across the country, peaking at over 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in
Colorado.[171] Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and Chihuahua,
Sonoran, and Mojave deserts.[172] In the northwest corner of Arizona,
carved by the Colorado River over millions of years, is the Grand
Canyon, a steep-sided canyon and popular tourist destination known for
its overwhelming visual size and intricate, colorful landscape.
The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific
coast. The lowest and highest points in the contiguous United States are
in the State of California,[173] about 84 miles (135 km) apart.[174] At
an elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), Alaska's Denali is the highest
peak in the country and continent.[175] Active volcanoes are common
throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists
of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National
Park in the Rocky Mountains, the Yellowstone Caldera, is the continent's
largest volcanic feature.[176] In 2021, the United States had 8% of
global permanent meadows and pastures and 10% of cropland.[177]
Climate
Main article: Climate of the United States
See also: Climate change in the United States
The Köppen climate types of the United States
With its large size and geographic variety, the United States includes
most climate types. East of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from
humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south.[178]
The western Great Plains are semi-arid. Many mountainous areas of the
American West have an alpine climate. The climate is arid in the
Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal
Oregon, Washington, and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or
polar. Hawaii, the southern tip of Florida and U.S. territories in the
Caribbean and Pacific are tropical.[179]
States bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of
the world's tornadoes occur in the country, mainly in Tornado
Alley.[180] Overall, the United States receives more high-impact extreme
weather incidents than any other country.[181][182] Extreme weather
became more frequent in the U.S. in the 21st century, with three times
the number of reported heat waves as in the 1960s. In the American
Southwest, droughts became more persistent and more severe.[183]
Biodiversity and conservation
Main articles: Fauna of the United States and Flora of the United States
A bald eagle
The bald eagle, the national bird of the United States since 1782[184]
The U.S. is one of 17 megadiverse countries containing large numbers of
endemic species: about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the
contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering
plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[185]
The United States is home to 428 mammal species, 784 birds, 311
reptiles, 295 amphibians,[186] and around 91,000 insect species.[187]
There are 63 national parks, and hundreds of other federally managed
parks, forests, and wilderness areas, managed by the National Park
Service and other agencies.[188] About 28% of the country's land is
publicly owned and federally managed,[189] primarily in the western
states.[190] Most of this land is protected, though some is leased for
commercial use, and less than one percent is used for military
purposes.[191][192]
Environmental issues in the United States include debates on
non-renewable resources and nuclear energy, air and water pollution,
biodiversity, logging and deforestation,[193][194] and climate
change.[195][196] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the
federal agency charged with addressing most environmental-related
issues.[197] The idea of wilderness has shaped the management of public
lands since 1964, with the Wilderness Act.[198] The Endangered Species
Act of 1973 provides a way to protect threatened and endangered species
and their habitats. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service
implements and enforces the Act.[199] In 2024, the U.S. ranked 34th
among 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index.[200] The
country joined the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2016 and has
many other environmental commitments.[201]
Government and politics
Main article: Politics of the United States
Further information: Elections in the United States, Political
ideologies in the United States, Americanism (ideology), and American
civil religion
The U.S. Capitol Building, the seat of legislative government, is home
to both chambers of the U.S. Congress: the Senate (in left wing of
building) and the House of Representatives (right wing).
The White House, the residence and workplace of the U.S. president and
the offices of the presidential staff
The Supreme Court Building, which houses the nation's highest court
The United States is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal
district, Washington, D.C. It also asserts sovereignty over five
unincorporated territories and several uninhabited island
possessions.[202][203] The world's oldest surviving federation,[204] the
U.S. has the world's oldest national constitution still in effect (from
March 4, 1789). Its presidential system of government has been adopted,
in whole or in part, by many newly independent nations following
decolonization.[205] It is a liberal representative democracy "in which
majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law."[206] The
Constitution of the United States serves as the country's supreme legal
document, also establishing the structure and responsibilities of the
national federal government and its relationship with the individual
states.[207]
According to V-Dem Institute's 2023 Human Rights Index, the United
States ranks among the highest in the world for human rights.[208]
National government
Main article: Federal government of the United States
Composed of three branches, all headquartered in Washington, D.C., the
federal government is the national government of the United States. It
is regulated by a strong system of checks and balances.[209]
The U.S. Congress, a bicameral legislature, made up of the Senate and
the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves
treaties, has the power of the purse,[210] and has the power of
impeachment.[211] The Senate has 100 members (2 from each state),
elected for a six-year term. The House of Representatives has 435
members, each elected for a two-year term; all representatives serve one
congressional district of equivalent population.[212]
The U.S. president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto
legislative bills before they become law (subject to congressional
override), and appoints the members of the Cabinet (subject to Senate
approval) and other officials, who administer and enforce federal laws
and policies through their respective agencies.[213] Candidates for
president campaign with a vice-presidential running mate. Both
candidates are elected together, or defeated together, in a presidential
election. Unlike other votes in American politics, this is technically
an indirect election in which the winner will be determined by the U.S.
Electoral College. There, votes are officially cast by individual
electors selected by their state legislature. In practice, however, all
50 states choose a group of presidential electors who must confirm the
winner of their state's popular vote. This group of electors equals
their state's number of U.S. representatives, plus two more electors for
the two U.S. senators the state sends to Congress. (The District of
Columbia, with no representatives or senators, is allocated three
electoral votes.)[q] Both the president and the vice president serve a
four-year term and may be reelected to the office only once, for one
additional four-year term.[214]
The U.S. federal judiciary, whose judges are all appointed for life by
the president with Senate approval, consists primarily of the U.S.
Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts.
The U.S. Supreme Court interprets laws and overturn those they find
unconstitutional.[215] The Supreme Court is led by the Chief Justice of
the United States. It has nine members who serve for life. The members
are appointed by the sitting president when a vacancy becomes
available.[216]
The three-branch system is known as the presidential system, in contrast
to the parliamentary system, where the executive is part of the
legislative body. Many countries around the world copied this aspect of
the 1789 Constitution of the United States, especially in the
Americas.[217]
Political parties
Main articles: Political parties in the United States and List of
political parties in the United States
See also: Political party strength in U.S. states
U.S. state governments (governor and legislature) by party control:
Democratic control
Republican control
Split control
The Constitution is silent on political parties. However, they developed
independently in the 18th century with the Federalist and
Anti-Federalist parties.[218] Since then, the United States has operated
as a de facto two-party system, though the parties in that system have
been different at different times.[219] The two main national parties
are presently the Democratic and the Republican. The former is perceived
as relatively liberal in its political platform while the latter is
perceived as relatively conservative.[220]
Subdivisions
Main article: U.S. state
See also: State governments of the United States
Further information: List of states and territories of the United
States, Indian reservation, Territories of the United States, and
Territorial evolution of the United States
In the American federal system, sovereign powers are shared between two
levels of elected government: national and state. People in the states
are also represented by local elected governments, which are
administrative divisions of the states.[221] States are subdivided into
counties or county equivalents, and further divided into municipalities.
The District of Columbia is a federal district that contains the
capital of the United States, the city of Washington.[222] The
territories and the District of Columbia are administrative divisions of
the federal government.[223] Federally recognized tribes govern 326
Indian reservations.[224]
Foreign relations
Main articles: Foreign relations of the United States and Foreign policy
of the United States
see caption
The United Nations headquarters has been situated along the East River
in Midtown Manhattan since 1952; in 1945, the United States was a
founding member of the UN.
The United States has an established structure of foreign relations, and
it has the world's second-largest diplomatic corps as of 2024. It is a
permanent member of the United Nations Security Council,[225] and home
to the United Nations headquarters.[226] The United States is a member
of the G7,[227] G20,[228] and OECD intergovernmental organizations.[229]
Almost all countries have embassies and many have consulates (official
representatives) in the country. Likewise, nearly all countries host
formal diplomatic missions with the United States, except Iran,[230]
North Korea,[231] and Bhutan.[232] Though Taiwan does not have formal
diplomatic relations with the U.S., it maintains close unofficial
relations.[233] The United States regularly supplies Taiwan with
military equipment to deter potential Chinese aggression.[234] Its
geopolitical attention also turned to the Indo-Pacific when the United
States joined the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue with Australia, India,
and Japan.[235]
The United States has a "Special Relationship" with the United
Kingdom[236] and strong ties with Canada,[237] Australia,[238] New
Zealand,[239] the Philippines,[240] Japan,[241] South Korea,[242]
Israel,[243] and several European Union countries (France, Italy,
Germany, Spain, and Poland).[244] The U.S. works closely with its NATO
allies on military and national security issues, and with countries in
the Americas through the Organization of American States and the United
States–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement. In South America, Colombia is
traditionally considered to be the closest ally of the United
States.[245] The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and
responsibility for Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau through
the Compact of Free Association.[246] It has increasingly conducted
strategic cooperation with India,[247] but its ties with China have
steadily deteriorated.[248][249] Since 2014, the U.S. has become a key
ally of Ukraine;[250] it has also provided the country with significant
military equipment and other support in response to Russia's 2022
invasion.[251]
Military
Main article: United States Armed Forces
See also: Military history of the United States
The Pentagon, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense in
Arlington County, Virginia, is one of the world's largest office
buildings with over 6.5 million square feet (600,000 m2) of floor space.
The president is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed
Forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint
Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defense, which is headquartered at
the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., administers five of the six service
branches, which are made up of the U.S. Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air
Force, and Space Force.[252] The Coast Guard is administered by the
Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and can be transferred to
the Department of the Navy in wartime.[253]
The United States spent $916 billion on its military in 2023, which is
by far the largest amount of any country, making up 37% of global
military spending and accounting for 3.4% of the country's
GDP.[254][255] The U.S. has 42% of the world's nuclear weapons, the
second-largest share after Russia.[256]
The United States has the third-largest combined armed forces in the
world, behind the Chinese People's Liberation Army and Indian Armed
Forces.[257] The military operates about 800 bases and facilities
abroad,[258] and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty
personnel in 25 foreign countries.[259]
Law enforcement and crime
Main articles: Law of the United States, Law enforcement in the United
States, and Crime in the United States
See also: Censorship in the United States and Race and crime in the
United States
J. Edgar Hoover Building, the headquarters of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), in Washington, D.C.
There are about 18,000 U.S. police agencies from local to national level
in the United States.[260] Law in the United States is mainly enforced
by local police departments and sheriff departments in their municipal
or county jurisdictions. The state police departments have authority in
their respective state, and federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau
of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Marshals Service have national
jurisdiction and specialized duties, such as protecting civil rights,
national security and enforcing U.S. federal courts' rulings and federal
laws.[261] State courts conduct most civil and criminal trials,[262]
and federal courts handle designated crimes and appeals of state court
decisions.[263]
As of January 2023, the United States has the sixth-highest per-capita
incarceration rate in the world, at 531 people per 100,000; and the
largest prison and jail population in the world, with almost 2 million
people incarcerated.[264][265][266] An analysis of the World Health
Organization Mortality Database from 2010 showed U.S. homicide rates
"were 7 times higher than in other high-income countries, driven by a
gun homicide rate that was 25 times higher".[267]
Economy
Main article: Economy of the United States
Further information: Economic history of the United States and Tourism
in the United States
see caption
The U.S. dollar, the most-used currency in international transactions
and the world's foremost reserve currency[268]
Microsoft campus, the headquarters of Microsoft, the world's biggest
company by market capitalization[269]
The U.S. has been the world's largest economy nominally since about
1890.[270] The 2023 nominal U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) of more
than $27 trillion was the highest in the world, constituting over 25% of
the global economy or 15% at purchasing power parity (PPP).[271][13]
From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%,
compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the Group of
Seven.[272] The country ranks first in the world by nominal GDP,[273]
second when adjusted for purchasing power parities (PPP),[13] and ninth
by PPP-adjusted GDP per capita.[13] It possesses the highest disposable
household income per capita among OECD countries.[274]
Of the world's 500 largest companies, 136 are headquartered in the U.S.
as of 2023[275]—the highest number of any country.[276] The U.S. dollar
is the currency most used in international transactions and is the
world's foremost reserve currency, backed by the country's dominant
economy, its military, the petrodollar system, and its linked eurodollar
and large U.S. treasuries market.[268] Several countries use it as
their official currency, and in others it is the de facto
currency.[277][278] It has free trade agreements with several countries,
including the USMCA.[279] The U.S. ranked second in the Global
Competitiveness Report in 2019, after Singapore.[280] Although the
United States has reached a post-industrial level of development[281]
and is often described as having a service economy,[281][282] it still
remains a major industrial power.[283] As of 2021, the U.S. is the
second-largest manufacturing country after China.[284]
The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, the world's largest stock
exchange by market capitalization[285]
New York City is the world's principal financial center[286][287] and
the epicenter of the world's largest metropolitan economy.[288] The New
York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq, both located in New York City, are the
world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization and trade
volume.[289][290] The United States is at or near the forefront of
technological advancement and innovation[291] in many economic fields,
especially in artificial intelligence; computers; pharmaceuticals; and
medical, aerospace and military equipment.[292] The country's economy is
fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure,
and high productivity.[293] The largest U.S. trading partners are the
European Union, Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, the United
Kingdom, Vietnam, India, and Taiwan.[294] The United States is the
world's largest importer and the second-largest exporter.[r] It is by
far the world's largest exporter of services.[297]
Americans have the highest average household and employee income among
OECD member states,[298] and the fourth-highest median household
income,[299] up from sixth-highest in 2013.[300] With personal
consumption expenditures of over $18.5 trillion in 2023,[301] the U.S.
has a heavily consumer-driven economy and is by far the world's largest
consumer market.[302] Wealth in the United States is highly
concentrated; the richest 10% of the adult population own 72% of the
country's household wealth, while the bottom 50% own just 2%.[303]
Income inequality in the U.S. remains at record highs,[304] with the top
fifth of earners taking home more than half of all income[305] and
giving the U.S. one of the widest income distributions among OECD
members.[306][307] The U.S. ranks first in the number of dollar
billionaires and millionaires, with 735 billionaires and nearly 22
million millionaires as of 2023.[308] There were about 582,500 sheltered
and unsheltered homeless persons in the U.S. in 2022, with 60% staying
in an emergency shelter or transitional housing program.[309] In 2022,
6.4 million children experienced food insecurity.[310] Feeding America
estimates that around one in five, or approximately 13 million, children
experience hunger in the U.S. and do not know where they will get their
next meal or when.[311] As of 2022, 37.9 million people, or 11.5% of
the U.S. population, were living in poverty.[312]
The United States has a smaller welfare state and redistributes less
income through government action than most other high-income
countries.[313][314] It is the only advanced economy that does not
guarantee its workers paid vacation nationally[315] and is one of a few
countries in the world without federal paid family leave as a legal
right.[316] The United States has a higher percentage of low-income
workers than almost any other developed country, largely because of a
weak collective bargaining system and lack of government support for
at-risk workers.[317]
Science, technology and energy
Main articles: Science and technology in the United States, Science
policy of the United States, and Energy in the United States
See also: Communications in the United States
U.S. astronaut Buzz Aldrin saluting the American flag on the Moon during
the 1969 Apollo 11 mission; the United States is the only country that
has landed crews on the lunar surface.
The United States has been a leader in technological innovation since
the late 19th century and scientific research since the mid-20th
century.[318] Methods for producing interchangeable parts and the
establishment of a machine tool industry enabled the large-scale
manufacturing of U.S. consumer products in the late 19th century.[319]
By the early 20th century, factory electrification, the introduction of
the assembly line, and other labor-saving techniques created the system
of mass production.[320] The United States is widely considered to be
the leading country in the development of artificial intelligence
technology[321][322][323] and maintains a space program since the late
1950s, with plans for long-term habitation of the Moon.[324]
In 2022, the United States was the country with the second-highest
number of published scientific papers.[325] As of 2021, the U.S. ranked
second by the number of patent applications, and third by trademark and
industrial design applications.[326] In 2023, the United States ranked
third in the Global Innovation Index.[327] The U.S. has the highest
total research and development expenditure of any country[328] and ranks
ninth as a percentage of GDP.[329] In 2023, the United States was
ranked as the second most technologically advanced country in the world
by Global Finance.[330]
United States electricity production by type
As of 2023, the United States receives approximately 84% of its energy
from fossil fuel and the largest source of the country's energy came
from petroleum (38%), followed by natural gas (36%), renewable sources
(9%), coal (9%), and nuclear power (9%).[331][332] The United States
constitutes less than 4% of the world's population, but consumes around
16% of the world's energy.[333] The U.S. ranks as the second-highest
emitter of greenhouse gases.[334]
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in the United States
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, serving the Atlanta
metropolitan area, is the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic
with over 93 million passengers annually in 2022.[335]
Personal transportation in the United States is dominated by
automobiles,[336][337] which operate on a network of 4 million miles
(6.4 million kilometers) of public roads, making it the longest network
in the world.[338][339] The Oldsmobile Curved Dash and the Ford Model T,
both American cars, are considered the first mass-produced[340] and
mass-affordable[341] cars, respectively. As of 2023, the United States
is the second-largest manufacturer of motor vehicles[342] and is home to
Tesla, the world's most valuable car company.[343] American automotive
company General Motors held the title of the world's best-selling
automaker from 1931 to 2008.[344] The American automotive industry is
the world's second-largest automobile market by sales, having been
overtaken by China in 2010,[345] and the U.S. has the highest vehicle
ownership per capita in the world,[346] with 910 vehicles per 1000
people.[347] By value, the U.S. was the world's largest importer and
third-largest exporter of cars in 2022.[348] The United States' rail
transport network, the longest network in the world,[349] handles mostly
freight.[350][351]
The American civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has
been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are
publicly owned.[352] The three largest airlines in the world by
passengers carried are U.S.-based; American Airlines is number one after
its 2013 acquisition by US Airways.[353] Of the world's 50 busiest
passenger airports, 16 are in the United States, including the top five
and the busiest, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International
Airport.[354][355] As of 2022, there are 19,969 airports in the U.S., of
which 5,193 are designated as "public use", including for general
aviation and other activities.[356]
Of the fifty busiest container ports, four are located in the United
States, of which the busiest is the Port of Los Angeles.[357] The
country's inland waterways are the world's fifth-longest, and total
41,009 km (25,482 mi).[358]
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of the United States
Population
Main articles: Americans and Race and ethnicity in the United States
See also: List of U.S. states by population
Most populous U.S. states in 2023[359][360]
State Population (millions)
California
39.0
Texas
30.5
Florida
22.6
New York
19.6
Pennsylvania
13.0
Illinois
12.5
Ohio
11.7
Georgia
11.0
North Carolina
10.8
Michigan
10.0
The U.S. Census Bureau reported 331,449,281 residents as of April 1,
2020,[s][361] making the United States the third-most-populous country
in the world, after China and India.[362] According to the Bureau's U.S.
Population Clock, on July 1, 2024, the U.S. population had a net gain
of one person every 16 seconds, or about 5400 people per day.[363] In
2023, 51% of Americans age 15 and over were married, 6% were widowed,
10% were divorced, and 34% had never been married.[364] In 2023, the
total fertility rate for the U.S. stood at 1.6 children per woman,[365]
and, at 23%, it had the world's highest rate of children living in
single-parent households in 2019.[366]
The United States has a diverse population; 37 ancestry groups have more
than one million members.[367] White Americans with ancestry from
Europe, the Middle East or North Africa form the largest racial and
ethnic group at 57.8% of the United States population.[368][369]
Hispanic and Latino Americans form the second-largest group and are
18.7% of the United States population. African Americans constitute the
country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.1% of the total U.S.
population.[367] Asian Americans are the country's fourth-largest group,
composing 5.9% of the United States population. The country's 3.7
million Native Americans account for about 1%,[367] and some 574 native
tribes are recognized by the federal government.[370] In 2022, the
median age of the United States population was 38.9 years.[371]
Language
Main article: Languages of the United States
Most spoken languages in the U.S.
While many languages are spoken in the United States, English is by far
the most commonly spoken and written.[372] Although there is no official
language at the federal level, some laws, such as U.S. naturalization
requirements, standardize English, and most states have declared it the
official language.[373] Three states and four U.S. territories have
recognized local or indigenous languages in addition to English,
including Hawaii (Hawaiian),[374] Alaska (twenty Native
languages),[t][375] South Dakota (Sioux),[376] American Samoa (Samoan),
Puerto Rico (Spanish), Guam (Chamorro), and the Northern Mariana Islands
(Carolinian and Chamorro). In total, 169 Native American languages are
spoken in the United States.[377] In Puerto Rico, Spanish is more widely
spoken than English.[378]
According to the American Community Survey in 2010, some 229 million
people out of the total U.S. population of 308 million spoke only
English at home. About 37 million spoke Spanish at home, making it the
second most commonly used language. Other languages spoken at home by
one million people or more include Chinese (2.8 million), Tagalog (1.6
million), Vietnamese (1.4 million), French (1.3 million), Korean (1.1
million), and German (1 million).[379]
Immigration
Main article: Immigration to the United States
See also: United States Border Patrol
The Mexico–United States border wall between San Diego (left) and
Tijuana (right)
America's immigrant population of nearly 51 million is by far the
world's largest in absolute terms.[380][381] In 2022, there were 87.7
million immigrants and U.S.-born children of immigrants in the United
States, accounting for nearly 27% of the overall U.S. population.[382]
In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7
million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful
permanent residents, 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents,
and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.[383] In 2019, the
top countries of origin for immigrants were Mexico (24% of immigrants),
India (6%), China (5%), the Philippines (4.5%), and El Salvador
(3%).[384] In fiscal year 2022, over one million immigrants (most of
whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal
residence.[385] The United States led the world in refugee resettlement
for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world
combined.[386]
Religion
Main article: Religion in the United States
See also: List of religious movements that began in the United States
Religious affiliation in the U.S., according to a 2023 Gallup poll:[7]
Protestantism (33%)
Catholicism (22%)
Non-specific Christian (11%)
Judaism (2%)
Mormonism (1%)
Other religion (6%)
Unaffiliated (22%)
Unanswered (3%)
The First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion in the
country and forbids Congress from passing laws respecting its
establishment.[387][388] Religious practice is widespread, among the
most diverse in the world,[389] and profoundly vibrant.[390] The country
has the world's largest Christian population.[391] Other notable faiths
include Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, many New Age movements, and
Native American religions.[392] Religious practice varies significantly
by region.[393] "Ceremonial deism" is common in American culture.[394]
The overwhelming majority of Americans believe in a higher power or
spiritual force, engage in spiritual practices such as prayer, and
consider themselves religious or spiritual.[395][396] In the "Bible
Belt", located within the Southern United States, evangelical
Protestantism plays a significant role culturally, whereas New England
and the Western United States tend to be more secular.[393] Mormonism—a
Restorationist movement, whose members migrated westward from Missouri
and Illinois under the leadership of Brigham Young in 1847 after the
assassination of Joseph Smith[397]—remains the predominant religion in
Utah to this day.[398]
Urbanization
Main articles: Urbanization in the United States and List of United
States cities by population
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas, including suburbs;[165]
about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[399]
In 2022, 333 incorporated municipalities had populations over 100,000,
nine cities had more than one million residents, and four cities—New
York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston—had populations exceeding
two million.[400] Many U.S. metropolitan populations are growing
rapidly, particularly in the South and West.[401]
vte
Largest metropolitan areas in the United States
2023 MSA population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau[402]
Rank Name Region Pop. Rank Name Region Pop.
New York
New York
Los Angeles
Los Angeles 1 New York Northeast 19,498,249 11 Boston Northeast
4,919,179 Chicago
Chicago
Dallas–Fort Worth
Dallas–Fort Worth
2 Los Angeles West 12,799,100 12 Riverside–San Bernardino West 4,688,053
3 Chicago Midwest 9,262,825 13 San Francisco West 4,566,961
4 Dallas–Fort Worth South 8,100,037 14 Detroit Midwest 4,342,304
5 Houston South 7,510,253 15 Seattle West 4,044,837
6 Atlanta South 6,307,261 16 Minneapolis–Saint Paul Midwest 3,712,020
7 Washington, D.C. South 6,304,975 17 Tampa–St. Petersburg South
3,342,963
8 Philadelphia Northeast 6,246,160 18 San Diego West 3,269,973
9 Miami South 6,183,199 19 Denver West 3,005,131
10 Phoenix West 5,070,110 20 Baltimore South 2,834,316
Health
See also: Healthcare in the United States, Healthcare reform in the
United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The Texas Medical Center, a cluster of contemporary skyscrapers, at
night
Texas Medical Center in Houston is the largest medical complex in the
world.[403][404] As of 2018, it employed 120,000 people and treated 10
million patients annually.[405]
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), average American
life expectancy at birth was 77.5 years in 2022 (74.8 years for men and
80.2 years for women). This was a gain of 1.1 years from 76.4 years in
2021, but the CDC noted that the new average "didn't fully offset the
loss of 2.4 years between 2019 and 2021". The health impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic and higher overall mortality due to opioid overdoses
and suicides were held mostly responsible for the previous drop in life
expectancy.[406] The same report stated that the 2022 gains in average
U.S. life expectancy were especially significant for men, Hispanics, and
American Indian–Alaskan Native people (AIAN). Starting in 1998, the
life expectancy in the U.S. fell behind that of other wealthy
industrialized countries, and Americans' "health disadvantage" gap has
been increasing ever since.[407] The U.S. has one of the highest suicide
rates among high-income countries.[408] Approximately one-third of the
U.S. adult population is obese and another third is overweight.[409] The
U.S. healthcare system far outspends that of any other country,
measured both in per capita spending and as a percentage of GDP, but
attains worse healthcare outcomes when compared to peer countries for
reasons that are debated.[410] The United States is the only developed
country without a system of universal healthcare, and a significant
proportion of the population that does not carry health insurance.[411]
Government-funded healthcare coverage for the poor (Medicaid) and for
those age 65 and older (Medicare) is available to Americans who meet the
programs' income or age qualifications. In 2010, former President Obama
passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[u][412] Abortion
in the United States is not federally protected, and is illegal or
restricted in 18 states.[413]
Education
Main article: Education in the United States
Photograph of the University of Virginia
77% of American college students attend public institutions[414] such as
the University of Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819.
American primary and secondary education (known in the U.S. as K-12,
"kindergarten through 12th grade") is decentralized. It is operated by
state, territorial, and sometimes municipal governments and regulated by
the U.S. Department of Education. In general, children are required to
attend school or an approved homeschool from the age of five or six
(kindergarten or first grade) until they are 18 years old. This often
brings students through the 12th grade, the final year of a U.S. high
school, but some states and territories allow them to leave school
earlier, at age 16 or 17.[415] The U.S. spends more on education per
student than any country in the world,[416] an average of $18,614 per
year per public elementary and secondary school student in
2020–2021.[417] Among Americans age 25 and older, 92.2% graduated from
high school, 62.7% attended some college, 37.7% earned a bachelor's
degree, and 14.2% earned a graduate degree.[418] The U.S. literacy rate
is near-universal.[165][419] The country has the most Nobel Prize
winners of any country, with 411 (having won 413 awards).[420][421]
U.S. tertiary or higher education has earned a global reputation. Many
of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking
organizations, are in the United States, including 19 of the top
25.[422][423] American higher education is dominated by state university
systems, although the country's many private universities and colleges
enroll about 20% of all American students. Local community colleges
generally offer coursework and degree programs covering the first two
years of college study. They often have more open admission policies,
shorter academic programs, and lower tuition.[424]
As for public expenditures on higher education, the U.S. spends more per
student than the OECD average, and Americans spend more than all
nations in combined public and private spending.[425] Colleges and
universities directly funded by the federal government do not charge
tuition and are limited to military personnel and government employees,
including: the U.S. service academies, the Naval Postgraduate School,
and military staff colleges. Despite some student loan forgiveness
programs in place,[426] student loan debt increased by 102% between 2010
and 2020,[427] and exceeded $1.7 trillion as of 2022.[428]
Culture and society
Main articles: Culture of the United States and Society of the United
States
The Statue of Liberty, a large teal bronze sculpture on a stone pedestal
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) on Liberty Island
in New York Harbor was an 1866 gift from France that has become an
iconic symbol of the American Dream.[429]
Americans have traditionally been characterized by a unifying political
belief in an "American Creed" emphasizing liberty, equality under the
law, democracy, social equality, property rights, and a preference for
limited government.[430][431] Culturally, the country has been described
as having the values of individualism and personal autonomy,[432][433]
as well as having a strong work ethic,[434] competitiveness,[435] and
voluntary altruism towards others.[436][437][438] According to a 2016
study by the Charities Aid Foundation, Americans donated 1.44% of total
GDP to charity—the highest rate in the world by a large margin.[439] The
United States is home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions,
and values.[440][441] It has acquired significant cultural and economic
soft power.[442][443]
Nearly all present Americans or their ancestors came from Europe,
Africa, or Asia (the "Old World") within the past five centuries.[444]
Mainstream American culture is a Western culture largely derived from
the traditions of European immigrants with influences from many other
sources, such as traditions brought by slaves from Africa.[445] More
recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a
cultural mix that has been described as a homogenizing melting pot, and
a heterogeneous salad bowl, with immigrants contributing to, and often
assimilating into, mainstream American culture. The American Dream, or
the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key
role in attracting immigrants.[446][447] Whether this perception is
accurate has been a topic of debate.[448][449][450] While mainstream
culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[451]
scholars identify significant differences between the country's social
classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[452][453]
Americans tend to greatly value socioeconomic achievement, but being
ordinary or average is promoted by some as a noble condition as
well.[454]
The United States is considered to have the strongest protections of
free speech of any country under the First Amendment,[455] which
protects flag desecration, hate speech, blasphemy, and lese-majesty as
forms of protected expression.[456][457][458] A 2016 Pew Research Center
poll found that Americans were the most supportive of free expression
of any polity measured.[459] They are the "most supportive of freedom of
the press and the right to use the Internet without government
censorship."[460] The U.S. is a socially progressive country[461] with
permissive attitudes surrounding human sexuality.[462] LGBT rights in
the United States are advanced by global standards.[462][463][464]
Literature
Main articles: American literature and American philosophy
See also: List of American novelists
Photograph of Mark Twain
Mark Twain, who William Faulkner called "the father of American
literature"[465]
Colonial American authors were influenced by John Locke and various
other Enlightenment philosophers.[466][467] Before and shortly after the
Revolutionary War, the newspaper rose to prominence, filling a demand
for anti-British national literature.[468][469] Led by Ralph Waldo
Emerson and Margaret Fuller in New England,[470] transcendentalism
branched from Unitarianism as the first major American philosophical
movement.[471][472] During the nineteenth-century American Renaissance,
writers like Walt Whitman and Harriet Beecher Stowe established a
distinctive American literary tradition.[473][474] As literacy rates
rose, periodicals published more stories centered around industrial
workers, women, and the rural poor.[475][476] Naturalism, regionalism,
and realism—the latter associated with Mark Twain—were the major
literary movements of the period.[477][478]
While modernism generally took on an international character, modernist
authors working within the United States more often rooted their work in
specific regions, peoples, and cultures.[479] Following the Great
Migration to northern cities, African-American and black West Indian
authors of the Harlem Renaissance developed an independent tradition of
literature that rebuked a history of inequality and celebrated black
culture. An important cultural export during the Jazz Age, these
writings were a key influence on Négritude, a philosophy emerging in the
1930s among francophone writers of the African diaspora.[480][481] In
the 1950s, an ideal of homogeneity led many authors to attempt to write
the Great American Novel,[482] while the Beat Generation rejected this
conformity, using styles that elevated the impact of the spoken word
over mechanics to describe drug use, sexuality, and the failings of
society.[483][484] Contemporary literature is more pluralistic than in
previous eras, with the closest thing to a unifying feature being a
trend toward self-conscious experiments with language.[485] As of 2024
there have been 12 American laureates for the Nobel Prize in
literature.[486]
Mass media
Main article: Mass media in the United States
See also: Newspapers in the United States, Television in the United
States, Broadcasting in the United States, Public broadcasting in the
United States, Internet in the United States, Radio in the United
States, and Video games in the United States
Comcast Center in Philadelphia, headquarters of Comcast, the world's
largest telecommunications and media conglomerate
Media is broadly uncensored, with the First Amendment providing
significant protections, as reiterated in New York Times Co. v. United
States.[455] The four major broadcasters in the U.S. are the National
Broadcasting Company (NBC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), American
Broadcasting Company (ABC), and Fox Broadcasting Company (FOX). The
four major broadcast television networks are all commercial entities.
Cable television offers hundreds of channels catering to a variety of
niches.[487] As of 2021, about 83% of Americans over age 12 listen to
broadcast radio, while about 40% listen to podcasts.[488] As of 2020,
there were 15,460 licensed full-power radio stations in the U.S.
according to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).[489] Much of
the public radio broadcasting is supplied by NPR, incorporated in
February 1970 under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.[490]
U.S. newspapers with a global reach and reputation include The Wall
Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and USA
Today.[491] About 800 publications are produced in Spanish.[492][493]
With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large
chains such as Gannett or McClatchy, which own dozens or even hundreds
of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an
increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families. Major cities
often have alternative newspapers to complement the mainstream daily
papers, such as The Village Voice in New York City and LA Weekly in Los
Angeles. The five most popular websites used in the U.S. are Google,
YouTube, Amazon, Yahoo!, and Facebook—all of them American-owned.[494]
As of 2022, the video game market of the United States is the world's
largest by revenue.[495] There are 444 publishers, developers, and
hardware companies in California alone.[496]
Theater
Main article: Theater in the United States
Broadway theaters in Theater District, Manhattan
The United States is well known for its theater. Mainstream theater in
the United States derives from the old European theatrical tradition and
has been heavily influenced by the British theater.[497] By the middle
of the 19th century America had created new distinct dramatic forms in
the Tom Shows, the showboat theater and the minstrel show.[498] The
central hub of the American theater scene is Manhattan, with its
divisions of Broadway, off-Broadway, and off-off-Broadway.[499]
Many movie and television stars have gotten their big break working in
New York productions. Outside New York City, many cities have
professional regional or resident theater companies that produce their
own seasons. The biggest-budget theatrical productions are musicals.
U.S. theater has an active community theater culture.[500]
The Tony Awards recognizes excellence in live Broadway theater and are
presented at an annual ceremony in Manhattan. The awards are given for
Broadway productions and performances. One is also given for regional
theater. Several discretionary non-competitive awards are given as well,
including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in
Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award.[501]
Visual arts
Main articles: Visual art of the United States and Architecture of the
United States
American Gothic (1930) by Grant Wood is one of the most famous American
paintings and is widely parodied.[502]
In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century
movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The 1913 Armory Show
in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the
public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[503]
Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new and
individualistic styles, which would become known as American modernism.
Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson
Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy
Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. Major photographers
include Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, Dorothea Lange, Edward
Weston, James Van Der Zee, Ansel Adams, and Gordon Parks.[504]
The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought global fame to
American architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and
Frank Gehry.[505] The Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan is the
largest art museum in the United States.[506]
Music
Main article: Music of the United States
American folk music encompasses numerous music genres, variously known
as traditional music, traditional folk music, contemporary folk music,
or roots music. Many traditional songs have been sung within the same
family or folk group for generations, and sometimes trace back to such
origins as the British Isles, mainland Europe, or Africa.[507] The
rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music in particular have
influenced American music.[508] Banjos were brought to America through
the slave trade. Minstrel shows incorporating the instrument into their
acts led to its increased popularity and widespread production in the
19th century.[509][510] The electric guitar, first invented in the
1930s, and mass-produced by the 1940s, had an enormous influence on
popular music, in particular due to the development of rock and
roll.[511]
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee
Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and old-time music were
adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz
grew from blues and ragtime in the early 20th century, developing from
the innovations and recordings of composers such as W.C. Handy and Jelly
Roll Morton. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington increased its
popularity early in the 20th century.[512] Country music developed in
the 1920s,[513] rock and roll in the 1930s,[511] and bluegrass[514] and
rhythm and blues in the 1940s.[515] In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from
the folk revival to become one of the country's most celebrated
songwriters.[516] The musical forms of punk and hip hop both originated
in the United States in the 1970s.[517]
The United States has the world's largest music market with a total
retail value of $15.9 billion in 2022.[518] Most of the world's major
record companies are based in the U.S.; they are represented by the
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[519] Mid-20th-century
American pop stars, such as Frank Sinatra[520] and Elvis Presley,[521]
became global celebrities and best-selling music artists,[512] as have
artists of the late 20th century, such as Michael Jackson,[522]
Madonna,[523] Whitney Houston,[524] and Prince,[525] and the early 21st
century, such as Taylor Swift and Beyoncé.[526]
Fashion
Main article: Fashion in the United States
Haute couture fashion models on the catwalk during New York Fashion Week
The United States, along with China, collectively accounts for the
majority of global apparel demand. Apart from professional business
attire, American fashion is eclectic and predominantly informal.
Americans' diverse cultural roots are reflected in their clothing;
however, sneakers, jeans, T-shirts, and baseball caps are emblematic of
American styles.[527] New York, with its fashion week, is considered to
be one of the "Big Four" global fashion capitals, along with Paris,
Milan, and London. A study demonstrated that general proximity to
Manhattan's Garment District has been synonymous with American fashion
since its inception in the early 20th century.[528]
The headquarters of many designer labels reside in Manhattan. Labels
cater to niche markets, such as pre teens. There has been a trend in the
United States fashion towards sustainable clothing.[529] New York
Fashion Week is one of the most influential fashion weeks in the world,
and occurs twice a year;[530] while the annual Met Gala in Manhattan is
commonly known as the fashion world's "biggest night".[531][532]
Cinema
Main article: Cinema of the United States
The iconic Hollywood Sign, in the Hollywood Hills, often regarded as the
symbol of the American film industry
The U.S. film industry has a worldwide influence and following.
Hollywood, a district in northern Los Angeles, the nation's second-most
populous city, is also metonymous for the American filmmaking
industry.[533][534][535] The major film studios of the United States are
the primary source of the most commercially successful and most
ticket-selling movies in the world.[536][537] Since the early 20th
century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around
Hollywood, although in the 21st century an increasing number of films
are not made there, and film companies have been subject to the forces
of globalization.[538] The Academy Awards, popularly known as the
Oscars, have been held annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences since 1929,[539] and the Golden Globe Awards have been held
annually since January 1944.[540]
The industry enjoyed its golden years, in what is commonly referred to
as the "Golden Age of Hollywood", from the early sound period until the
early 1960s,[541] with screen actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn
Monroe becoming iconic figures.[542][543] In the 1970s, "New Hollywood",
or the "Hollywood Renaissance",[544] was defined by grittier films
influenced by French and Italian realist pictures of the post-war
period.[545] The 21st century was marked by the rise of American
streaming platforms, which came to rival traditional cinema.[546][547]
Cuisine
Main article: American cuisine
Further information: List of American regional and fusion cuisines
A Thanksgiving dinner with roast turkey, mashed potatoes, pickles, corn,
candied yams, cranberry jelly, shrimps, stuffing, green peas, deviled
eggs, green salad, and apple sauce
Early settlers were introduced by Native Americans to foods such as
turkey, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup. Of the most
enduring and pervasive examples are variations of the native dish called
succotash. Early settlers and later immigrants combined these with
foods they were familiar with, such as wheat flour,[548] beef, and milk,
to create a distinctive American cuisine.[549][550] New World crops,
especially pumpkin, corn, potatoes, and turkey as the main course are
part of a shared national menu on Thanksgiving, when many Americans
prepare or purchase traditional dishes to celebrate the occasion.[551]
Characteristic American dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken,
doughnuts, french fries, macaroni and cheese, ice cream, pizza,
hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrant
groups.[552][553][554][555] Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos
preexisted the United States in areas later annexed from Mexico, and
adaptations of Chinese cuisine as well as pasta dishes freely adapted
from Italian sources are all widely consumed.[556] American chefs have
had a significant impact on society both domestically and
internationally. In 1946, the Culinary Institute of America was founded
by Katharine Angell and Frances Roth. This would become the United
States' most prestigious culinary school, where many of the most
talented American chefs would study prior to successful
careers.[557][558]
The United States restaurant industry was projected at $899 billion in
sales for 2020,[559][560] and employed more than 15 million people,
representing 10% of the nation's workforce directly.[559] It is the
country's second-largest private employer and the third-largest employer
overall.[561][562] The United States is home to over 220 Michelin
Star-rated restaurants, 70 of which are in New York City alone.[563]
Wine has been produced in what is now the United States since the 1500s,
with the first widespread production beginning in what is now New
Mexico in 1628.[564][565][566] In the modern U.S., wine production is
undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 84 percent of
all U.S. wine. With more than 1,100,000 acres (4,500 km2) under vine,
the United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the
world, after Italy, Spain, and France.[567][568]
The American fast-food industry developed alongside the nation's car
culture.[569] American restaurants developed the drive-in format in the
1920s, which they began to replace with the drive-through format by the
1940s.[570][571] American fast-food restaurant chains, such as
McDonald's,[572][573] Kentucky Fried Chicken, and many others, have
numerous outlets around the world.[574]
Sports
Main article: Sports in the United States
See also: Professional sports leagues in the United States, National
Collegiate Athletic Association, and United States at the Olympics
American football is the most popular sport in the United States; in
this September 2022 National Football League game, the Jacksonville
Jaguars play the Washington Commanders at FedExField.
The most popular spectator sports in the U.S. are American football,
basketball, baseball, soccer, and ice hockey.[575] While most major U.S.
sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of
European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and
snowboarding are American inventions, many of which have become popular
worldwide.[576] Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and
Native Hawaiian activities that predate European contact.[577] The
market for professional sports in the United States was approximately
$69 billion in July 2013, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe,
the Middle East, and Africa combined.[578]
American football is by several measures the most popular spectator
sport in the United States;[579] the National Football League has the
highest average attendance of any sports league in the world, and the
Super Bowl is watched by tens of millions globally.[580] However,
baseball has been regarded as the U.S. "national sport" since the late
19th century. After American football, the next four most popular
professional team sports are basketball, baseball, soccer, and ice
hockey. Their premier leagues are, respectively, the National Basketball
Association, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, and the
National Hockey League. The most-watched individual sports in the U.S.
are golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR and IndyCar.[581][582]
On the collegiate level, earnings for the member institutions exceed $1
billion annually,[583] and college football and basketball attract large
audiences, as the NCAA March Madness tournament and the College
Football Playoff are some of the most watched national sporting
events.[584] In the U.S., the intercollegiate sports level serves as a
feeder system for professional sports. This differs greatly from
practices in nearly all other countries, where publicly and privately
funded sports organizations serve this function.[585]
Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The 1904
Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, were the first-ever Olympic
Games held outside of Europe.[586] The Olympic Games will be held in the
U.S. for a ninth time when Los Angeles hosts the 2028 Summer Olympics.
U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,968 medals (1,179 gold) at the
Olympic Games, the most of any country.[587][588][589]
In international competition, the U.S. men's national soccer team has
qualified for eleven World Cups, while the women's national team has won
the FIFA Women's World Cup and Olympic soccer tournament four times
each.[590] The United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and will
co-host, along with Canada and Mexico, the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[591] The
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup was also hosted by the United States. Its
final match was watched by 90,185, setting the world record for
most-attended women's sporting event at the time.[592]
See also
Lists of U.S. state topics
Outline of the United States
Notes
Twenty-eight of the 50 states recognize only English as an official
language. The State of Hawaii recognizes both Hawaiian and English as
official languages, the State of Alaska officially recognizes 20 Alaska
Native languages alongside English, and the State of South Dakota
recognizes English and all Sioux dialects as official languages.
Nineteen states and the District of Columbia have no official language.
English is the de facto language. For more information, see Languages
of the United States.
The historical and informal demonym Yankee has been applied to
Americans, New Englanders, or northeasterners since the 18th century.
At 3,531,900 sq mi (9,147,590 km2), the United States is the
third-largest country in the world by land area, behind Russia and
China. By total area (land and water), it is the third-largest, behind
Russia and Canada, if its coastal and territorial water areas are
included. However, if only its internal waters are included (bays,
sounds, rivers, lakes, and the Great Lakes), the U.S. is the
fourth-largest, after Russia, Canada, and China.
Coastal/territorial waters included: 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,517 km2)[19]
Only internal waters included: 3,696,100 sq mi (9,572,900 km2)[20]
Excludes Puerto Rico and the other unincorporated islands because they
are counted separately in U.S. census statistics
After adjustment for taxes and transfers
See Time in the United States for details about laws governing time
zones in the United States.
See Date and time notation in the United States.
The U.S. Virgin Islands use left-hand traffic.
Federally recognized Native American tribes are treated as "domestic
dependent nations" with tribal sovereignty rights.[17]
The five major territories outside the union of states are American
Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands. The seven undisputed island areas without permanent
populations are Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston
Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, and Palmyra Atoll. U.S. sovereignty
over the unpopulated Bajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island, Serranilla Bank,
and Wake Island is disputed.[18]
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 estimate was 334,914,895 residents. All
official population figures are for the 50 states and the District of
Columbia; they exclude the five major U.S. territories and outlying
islands. The Census Bureau also provides a continuously updated but
unofficial population clock in addition to its decennial census and
annual population estimates: www.census.gov/popclock
Based on purchasing power
Including agencies such as the International Monetary Fund and the
World Health Organization
From the late 15th century, the Columbian exchange had been
catastrophic for native populations throughout the Americas. It is
estimated that up to 95 percent of the indigenous populations,
especially in the Caribbean, perished from infectious diseases during
the years following European colonization;[48] remaining populations
were often displaced by European expansion.[49][50]
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Georgia
Per the U.S. Constitution, Amendment Twenty-three, proposed by the U.S.
Congress on June 16, 1960, and ratified by the States on March 29, 1961
A country's total exports are usually understood to be goods and
services. Based on this, the U.S. is the world's second-largest
exporter, after China.[295] However, if primary income is included, the
U.S. is the world's largest exporter.[296]
This figure, like most official data for the United States as a whole,
excludes the five unincorporated territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands)
and minor island possessions.
Inupiaq, Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unanga
(Aleut), Denaʼina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim,
Gwichʼin, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit,
Haida, and Tsimshian
Also known less formally as Obamacare
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