Chemical Warfare in World War 1: The American Experience, 1917–1918Leavenworth Papers No. 10

By MAJ(P) Charles E. Heller, USAR, 120 Pages

Leavenworth Papers # 10 : CHEMICAL WARFARE IN WORLD WAR 1 - The American Experience 1917 - 1918.

MAJ CHARLES HELLER

Leavenworth 1984, US Army Staff College, US 1st edition, paper wraps, 7x10,  vg condition. 109 pages, illus, maps, notes, bibliog, index. 


----------------- Although Leavenworth Paper No, 10 is primarily concerned with the American response to gas warfare in World War f, it begins by examining the pertinent events leading up to the German gas attack at Ypres in April 1915 and surrounding the subsequent escalation of the chemical war to its peak in 1918.

--------------The United States entered the war in April 1917, two years after the German Imperial Army's first successful gas streak against the Allies. Although the U.S. Army was aware of the increasing use of chemicals on European battlefields, it made no effort to prepare for gas warfare anti! two months before the American declaration of war. As a result, the Army began the war without a doctrine or adequate training program for chemical warfare and was dependent on the Allies for gas-related equipment. While steps were taken to correct these deficiencies, the first U.S. units to arrive in France were ill prepared to use or defend against chemical weapons. Officers and NCOs of the newly created Gas Service labored feverishly to train and equip American doughboys before they reached the front, but the task was monumental and satisfactory results were not always achieved.

--- Once in the trenches, the American Expeditionary Farces found gas warfare an inescapable fact of life. Even the better, trained troops had difficulty coping with an agent that appeared everywhere- -In clothing, food, and water, on equipment; and in the mud of trenches. When an the offensive, American officers were often reluctant to employ chemical agents for fear of inviting German retaliation. At war's end, the U.S. Army had yet to master the art of chemical warfare. 


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