EJ Marty was the
trader at Indian Wells from the early 1900s to 1940. He is also associated with other trading
posts because he invested in speculation trading posts, meaning that he either
built or purchased trading posts to sell to prospective traders. He partnered with JH McAdams on several stores
including Sunrise Trading which prompted a lawsuit from Lorenzo Hubbell for
trade territory infringement. Marty bailed
before the lawsuit became contentious. $5 tokens are not common. Most transactions in those days were less than $15. In 1990, a sheep was worth $4. Ironically, when the government settled with the Navajos after the Livestock Reduction Act in the 30s, it paid the Navajos $1 per head and then destroyed over 1 million sheep by fire or gunfire at a time when many in our country were living from bread lines. I was It was a forced redistribution of wealth and the second time within 60 years that the Navajos lost over a million sheep. Not many traders had $5 tokens because most transactions were less than $20.
Navajo
trade tokens history & pricing conditions
Navajo trade tokens came about from the government issuing them to
Navajo refugees in exile at Bosque Redondo in the mid-1960s.
In the early trading years, the Navajos spoke no English and had
no jobs = no money. Trading posts
revolved around credit. When a trader made a deal for livestock, crafts,
etc., a transaction often had a balance which the trader listed in a ledger and
issued a credit slip. However, most of the Navajo people could not read
or write and were not comfortable with a slip of paper. The people
suggested to traders that the use of tokens would be more understandable.
Tokens were historically popular throughout the US with saloons, clubs, etc. so
traders could source token manufacturers. They were immediately accepted
in Navajo country because they were tangible and physical representations of
money. Many Navajos wanted to keep their tokens after they were redeemed
so they traded devised means of cancellation, usually by punching the token.
They were banned in the 30s after the US Government banned their
use by claiming that traders were making economic prisoners of their
clientele. So, what had been right for the goose was no longer right for
the gander as the government ravaged the Navajo culture and economy with
arbitrary regulations. The Navajos could object because they were not a
voting constituency until the 40s when they elected their first leader.
The traders objected but had no individual clout, so the bureaucracy ran
roughshod with their regulations. Similarly, the government banned
trading, credit, and pawn. Every attempt to penalize traders ultimately
had equal or greater impact on the Navajos.
I say all of those as a third-generation trader in my family
spanning 100+ years of trading. In 1913 my grandfather built Salina
Springs Trading. He was among the early traders. By 1950 there were
250 trading posts. My dad and I were the only two people that traded with
every trading post because of Navajo rugs and pinon nuts.
Trade
token pricing is relative to availability.
Simply put – there are no more.
They quit using them by the early 50s after ceasing production in the
40s. Thirty years ago, $15 for a trade
token was considered high because there was still an adequate supply. Now, many of the tokens are not only in short
supply or scarce and prices have at least quadrupled; higher on some. So, how much is too much when there are no
more? What this means is that the value
of Navajo trade tokens will definitely hold and likely increase with time.