Postcard Bonus Army 1932 WWI Veterans Protest Washington DC Demand Early Payment
The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators, including 17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and supporters, who gathered in Washington, D.C., in mid-1932 to demand early redemption of their service bonus certificates. Organizers called the group the Bonus Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.) to mirror the name of World War I’s American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the “Bonus Army” or “Bonus Marchers.” The group was led by Walter W. Waters, a former sergeant.
Many of the veterans had been unemployed since the onset of the Great Depression. Under the World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924, they had been awarded bonuses in the form of certificates, which could not be redeemed until 1945. Each certificate’s face value represented the veteran’s promised payment, plus compound interest. The Bonus Army’s main demand was the immediate cash payment of these certificates.
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