This is a beautifully made Carpentry or Cabinet Makers Tools. It is an Antique Tenon Gauge.
Unusually, it has a Rosewood Stem with sliding brass furniture and steel pins.
The guiding head is solid brass and has a lock nut which secure the selected measurement in place.
The reverse spine has a rule scale in inches with 1/16th inch graduations.
One side of the stem has been stamped: W. R. Brenton whom I presume was the owner rather than the maker.
I'm sure there must be a patent somewhere to determine who made this fabulous item.
It measures 9 1/8" in length.