Charlie Kirk
Memorial Coin
This Silver Plated and Gold Plated Charlie Coin Commemorative Coin
One side has an image of Charlie Kirk and Donald Trump shaking hands. It also has both mens signatures
The other side has an image of Charlie at a speaking event with a microphone
Behind him Jesus Christ as an angel
This is a commemorative coin featuring Charlie Kirk, a prominent figure in American politics, signed by Charlie & Donald Trump and depicting an image of Jesus. The coin is of American origin, sourced from the United States. This unique coin celebrates Americana values and is a collectible item for fans of TRUMP and TPUSA movements. The coin is a must-have for collectors of political memorabilia and is a valuable addition for collectors and history enthusiasts alike.
It is a collectible item that honours a particular individual and significant moment in American history.
40mm in diameter and weighs about an ounce
Come inside a plastic air tight case
In Excellent Condition
Would make an amazing unusual gift for anyone who respected Charlie Kirk
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Charlie Kirk
slain conservative activist
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Also known as: Charles James Kirk
Tracy Grant
Britannica Editors Dec. 5, 2025 •History
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News • From Pope Francis to Charlie Kirk, many deaths in 2025 had a wide impact • Dec. 5, 2025, 9:13 AM ET (AP)
Charlie Kirk was a political prodigy who never held elective office.
• He was 18 when he founded Turning Point USA, a conservative counterpoint to liberal advocacy groups such as Turning Point became a juggernaut for mobilizing young conservatives across the United States.
• He was 22 when he became the youngest speaker at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Although not initially a supporter of Donald Trump, Kirk would come to be a close confidante of the president and a not-so-secret weapon for changing the face of the Republican Party.
• He was 28 when he supported the long-shot Republican Senate bid of J.D. Vance in 2022; two years later he would be a key voice that led to Trump picking Vance as his vice-presidential running mate.
• He was 31 when he was assassinated at Utah Valley University while speaking to a group of students at the kind of event he had built his career around. His killing prompted statements from both conservatives and liberals against an onslaught of political violence.
Early years
Who was Charlie Kirk?
Date and place of birth: October 14, 1993, Arlington Heights, Illinois, U.S.
Date and place of death: September 10, 2025, Orem, Utah
Education: Dropped out of Harper College in Palatine, Illinois
Associated with: Turning Point USA, a conservative movement to engage young people in Republican politics
Family: Married podcaster Erika Frantzve in 2021. The couple had two children, a girl and a boy.
Quotation: “I started listening to Rush [Limbaugh] when I was a junior in high school. Listening, I was, like, ‘This guy is unbelievable!’”
Charlie Kirk grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, the son of Robert and Kimberly Kirk, who were prominent in Republican circles. His father was an architect and his mother a mental health counselor. Robert Kirk was a major contributor to Mitt Romney’s 2012 presidential campaign. As a child Charlie Kirk was active in the Boy Scouts, earning the rank of Eagle Scout. He also became involved in politics, volunteering in 2010 for the Senate campaign of Republican Mark Kirk (no relation) and organizing a school protest against a price increase for cookies sold in the lunchroom.
He was 17 when he wrote an op-ed for the conservative outlet Breitbart News, decrying what he said was the prominence of liberal economists, including Paul Krugman, in his high school textbooks. The piece landed him on Fox News. A movement was about to be born.
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The beginnings of Turning Point
One of the people who saw Kirk on Fox was Bill Montgomery, an ultra-conservative supporter of the populist social and political Tea Party movement. Montgomery and Kirk met, and Kirk outlined his vision for energizing young people to join conservative causes. Montgomery encouraged Kirk to skip college and instead launch a political movement. Kirk briefly attended college in Illinois but dropped out.
The president and the prodigy
The president and the prodigyDonald Trump appearing with Charlie Kirk at a Turning Point USA event in 2024. Kirk is credited with energizing young conservative voters to support Trump.
Kirk was supported by his father, who reportedly came up with the name Turning Point, and Montgomery. Kirk admitted that at the start he had “no money, no connections and no idea what I was doing,” but his political charisma won him early support. When he attended the 2012 GOP convention, he left with support from a key Republican donor. He also drew the attention of the Trump family, especially Donald Trump, Jr., who hired him to work on social media.
Rising political power
With Trump’s win in the 2016 election, Kirk’s star rose further. He became a regular on political talk shows and garnered praise for his ability, at times, to better explain Trump’s policies than the president himself. In turn, the president and Trump, Jr., were regular speakers at Turning Point conferences.
“I saw J.D. as someone who would crush it with high-propensity suburban Republicans.…We’re talking about a couple hundred thousand voters that could determine the future of the election.”
—Charlie Kirk, on his support for J.D. Vance
There wasn’t a platform Kirk didn’t want to appear on or a debate he wouldn’t engage in. He wrote books, hosted a radio show, had an enormous social media presence, organized conferences, and appeared on college campuses, where he engaged in political debate with students who opposed his ultra-conservative views.
He was also a regular visitor to the Trump White House—by his own account, visiting more than 100 times during Trump’s first term. When Trump lost the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden, Kirk arranged a “Stop the Steal” rally in Arizona and sent buses of protesters to the January 6, 2021, storming of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. But Trump’s defeat did little to tamp down Kirk’s enthusiasm for Trumpism, and that enthusiasm translated into votes, something that was never lost on the president. Turning Point mobilized voters—especially young ones—in numbers that surprised political pundits, and the group was credited with Trump’s better-than-expected performance in that demographic in the 2024 presidential election, which he won.
Controversies
In his element
In his elementCharlie Kirk debating a student at the Cambridge Union, England, May 2025.
Kirk’s positions were unabashedly far right, and to many he trafficked in misinformation and disinformation and expressed racist and homophobic beliefs. He shared those beliefs to millions of followers on social media, through his radio show, and at campus events. Some of Kirk’s most controversial positions were:
• The false claim during the COVID-19 pandemic that hydroxychloroquine was “100 percent effective” in curing the virus
• Turning Point’s creation of a “Professor Watchlist,” which encouraged college students to report professors espousing positions deemed to be liberal or “woke”
• Calling George Floyd, who was killed by a Minneapolis police officer in 2020, a “scumbag”
• Saying in 2023 that “Jewish communities have been pushing the exact kind of hatred against whites that they claim to want people to stop using against them”
But the importance of Kirk’s role in setting the American political agenda was undeniable. When Democratic California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a frequent foe of Trump’s, launched a podcast in 2025, Kirk was his first guest.
Assassination and aftermath
On September 10, 2025, Kirk was speaking at an event at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah. It was the kind of event he had built his career around. He had just finished answering a question about gun violence when a single shot rang out. Kirk was hit in the neck and died shortly after.
Trump announced Kirk’s death on social media, writing:
The Great, and even Legendary, Charlie Kirk, is dead. No one understood or had the Heart of the Youth in the United States of America better than Charlie.
On September 12, state and federal law enforcement announced the apprehension of a 22-year-old Utah man named Tyler Robinson in Kirk’s death. Family members reportedly said Robinson had expressed contempt for Kirk’s political views.
On Sept. 16, Utah prosecutors charged Robinson with aggravated murder and said they would seek the death penalty. Robinson was also charged with felony discharge of a firearm and several counts of witness tampering and obstruction of justice.
On October 14, 2025, which would have been Kirk’s 32nd birthday, Trump awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor. At the ceremony, Erika Kirk said that her husband probably would have run for president at some point.
Quick Facts
In full: Charles James Kirk
Founder: Turning Point USA
Political Affiliation: Republican Party
Notable Family Members: spouse Erika Kirk
(Read more about political violence in the United States in the 21st century.)
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In her own right
In her own right Erika Kirk, speaking at a Turning Point USA event in 2023. A devout Christian, an entrepreneur, and a beauty pageant winner, Kirk entered the spotlight first as the wife and then the widow of slain conservative activist Charlie Kirk.
Erika Kirk
American businesswoman and podcaster
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Also known as: Erika Frantzve
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Britannica Editors Nov. 16, 2025 •History
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A beauty pageant winner, an athlete, an entrepreneur, a Christian podcaster, a wife, and a mother.
That pretty much described Erika Kirk’s life until September 10, 2025, when her husband, Charlie Kirk, was assassinated, and she joined the ranks of women—including Jacqueline and Ethel Kennedy, Coretta Scott King, and Yulia Navalnaya—thrust into leading public mourning and carrying on legacies.
Early life
Meet Erika Kirk
Birth date: November 20, 1988
Birthplace: Ohio, U.S.
Education: Arizona State University, bachelor’s degree in political science and international relations; Liberty University, master’s degree in legal studies, 2017
Current role: CEO of Turning Point USA
Family: Married to Charlie Kirk (2021–25), mother of two children
Quotation: “I’m a strong believer that this was God’s plan. And it’s so clear-cut. It couldn’t be more Charlie.”
Erika Frantzve was born in Ohio in November 1988 to Lori and Kent Frantzve. Her parents divorced when she was young, and Lori Frantzve raised Erika Frantzve as a single mother in Arizona. Brought up in the Roman Catholic Church and encouraged by her mother, Frantzve helped at soup kitchens when she was young and there learned the importance of service to others—a lesson that she has said helped solidify her Christian faith.
Frantzve was a self-described “tomboy” growing up, playing basketball and saying in 2012 that “I didn’t wear my first pair of heels until I was 14 years old, but I had a really mean layup.” In 2006 she founded a charity called Everyday Heroes Like You, which focused on the work done by under-recognized charities.
College and pageants
Frantzve played basketball in college for Regis University in Colorado before returning home to graduate from Arizona State University, with a degree in political science and international relations. She went on to earn a master’s in legal studies from the conservative Liberty University.
While in college she competed in the Miss Arizona USA pageant, being named first runner-up in the 2011 contest before winning the 2012 crown. The pageant is part of the Miss USA competition that Donald Trump co-owned. Frantzve said that she competed in pageants in order to raise awareness about her charitable work:
That sparkly tiara is only a little plastic hat. What really matters is making a difference, and I want to change the world. The bling is just a bonus.
Christian entrepreneurship and Charlie Kirk
Trump supporters
Trump supportersErika and Charlie Kirk attending a ball in honor of President-elect Donald Trump on the eve of his second presidential inauguration, January 19, 2025. Erika Kirk was an early supporter of Trump's first presidential campaign.
Frantzve was an early supporter of Trump’s first presidential campaign, appearing at one of his first rallies in 2015. She went on in 2016 to create a faith-based program called BIBLEin365, which encourages people to read the Bible over the course of a year. Two years later she created a clothing line, Proclaim Streetwear, in which all products are manufactured in the United States. Proceeds from sales support the Bible program. In 2019 she started a faith-based podcast called Midweek Rise Up.
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In 2018 she applied for a job at the conservative grassroots organization Turning Point USA, which Charlie Kirk cofounded. During what was intended to be a job interview at a restaurant in New York City, Kirk would later recall saying, “Forget this job interview, I want to date you.” The couple were engaged in December 2020 and married in May 2021.
Erika Kirk often appeared with her husband, speaking at Turning Point USA events, typically about the role of women and her marriage. Like her husband, she advocated for traditional roles for women and traditional views of marriage. When she appeared on his radio show, the couple fielded questions from listeners. When asked which of the two was more conservative, Charlie Kirk responded, “Erika. By far. Not even close. I am a moderate compared to Erika.” At a young women’s leadership event, hosted by Turning Point in June 2025, Erika Kirk told an all-female audience:
You will always be able to create your own company, but children, family, your husband, marriages—that is not a renewable resource. I don’t want you to be chasing a paycheck and a title and a corner office [and] sacrifice such a short window that you have in this time period.
The couple had two children, a daughter born in 2022 and a son born in 2024.
Her husband’s deeply controversial and at times divisive views—including espousing during the COVID-19 pandemic the false claim that hydroxychloroquine is “100 percent effective” in curing the virus—brought concerns for his safety and that of their children. (Despite both Erika and Charlie Kirk being active on social media, their children’s faces are never seen in photographs.) In an interview with The New York Times days after her husband’s death, Erika Kirk said that she had asked him to wear a bulletproof vest. (Charlie Kirk was shot in the neck, so a vest would not have saved his life.)
Assassination and aftermath
A widow's forgiveness
A widow's forgivenessSpeaking to tens of thousands of mourners at Charlie Kirk's memorial in Arizona on September 21, 2025, Erika Kirk forgave her husband's assassin, saying, “I forgive him because it was what Christ did and is what Charlie would do.”
Erika Kirk was not with her husband when he was shot in Orem, Utah, on September 10, 2025; instead, she was with her mother who was in a hospital in Arizona. By the time she arrived in Utah, he was dead. Erika Kirk and her husband’s body were flown back to Arizona on Air Force Two, escorted by Vice Pres. J.D. Vance and second lady Usha Vance. Charlie Kirk and J.D. Vance were close friends, with Kirk having encouraged Vance to run for the Senate.
Two days after her husband’s death, Erika Kirk delivered an impassioned speech at Turning Point USA’s headquarters, vowing to carry on her husband’s work. “You have no idea the fire that you have ignited within this wife. The cries of this widow will echo around the world like a battle cry,” she said. Turning Point later announced that Kirk would succeed her husband as CEO of the organization. She has subsequently announced that his podcast and college speaking tours will continue.
On September 21, 2025, tens of thousands of mourners and supporters of Charlie Kirk filled a football stadium in Glendale, Arizona, at an event that was part memorial, part political rally. Kirk’s death sparked increasing division over the nature of political violence in America. Over the course of five hours eulogies were delivered by Trump, Vance, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Stephen Miller, and Tucker Carlson. Many of them spoke of the need to vanquish political opposition.
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Political Affiliation: Republican Party
But the defining moment of the service was delivered by Erika Kirk, whose voice broke with emotion and who wiped away tears as she spoke for nearly 30 minutes. She offered a message of forgiveness to Tyler Robinson, Charlie Kirk’s accused killer, that did not align with what some of the other speakers, including Trump, said:
My husband, Charlie. He wanted to save young men, just like the one who took his life. That young man…On the cross, our savior said, “Father, forgive them, for they not know what they do.” That man, that young man, I forgive him.
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Donald Trump (born June 14, 1946, New York, New York, U.S.) is the 45th and 47th president of the United States (2017–21; 2025– ). Following his inauguration on January 20, 2025, Trump became only the second president to serve two nonconsecutive terms, the first being Grover Cleveland (1885–89; 1893–97). In January 2025, upon his sentencing without punishment for a felony conviction in 2024, Trump officially became the first convicted felon to be elected president. With his election at age 78, Trump became the oldest person to win the office.
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Make America Great Again
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the political slogan. For the political movement associated with the slogan, see Trumpism.
"MAGA" redirects here. For other uses, see Maga (disambiguation).
"Make America Great Again"
Sign used during Trump's 2016 and 2020 presidential campaigns
Sign used during Trump's 2024 presidential campaign
"Make America Great Again" (MAGA, US: /ˈmæɡə/)[1] is an American political slogan most recently popularized by Donald Trump during his presidential campaigns in 2016, 2020, and 2024. "MAGA" is also used to refer to Trump's ideology, political base, or to an individual or group of individuals from within that base. The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by both supporters and opponents of Trump's presidency and as the name of the super PAC Make America Great Again Inc.[2]
Originally used by Ronald Reagan as a campaign slogan in his 1980 presidential campaign ("Let's Make America Great Again"), it has since been described as a loaded phrase. It has been described as a slogan representing American exceptionalism and promoting an idealistic or romanticized American past that excludes certain groups.[3] Multiple scholars, journalists, and commentators have called the slogan racist, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[8]
History
Ronald Reagan
See also: Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign
Ronald Reagan campaign button
"Let's make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time, the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation. Using the country's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, Reagan used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[9][10] During his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a great national crusade to make America great again."[11][12]
Bill Clinton
See also: Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign
The phrase was used in speeches by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[13] President Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for wife Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[14] During the 2016 electoral campaign, in which Hillary Clinton opposed Trump, he suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to White Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economy you had 50 years ago, and ... move you back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[15]
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Further information: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign, Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign, and Trumpism
In December 2011, following speculation that he would challenge sitting president Barack Obama in the 2012 United States presidential election, Trump released a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America great again."[16] In December 2011, he also published a book using as a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Again", which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Great Again!"[17] On January 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas secretary of state's office to create the "Make America Great Again Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the presidential election.[18]
Trump began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his re-election against Mitt Romney. Trump used the slogan in an August 2013 interview with Jonathan Karl.[19] By his own account, he first considered "We Will Make America Great", but did not feel like it had the right "ring" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, but upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. He eventually selected the phrase "Make America Great Again", later claiming that he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it."[20] On November 12, he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[21][20][22]
"Vote To Make America Great Again" banner in California, 2016
MAGA placard
However, Trump did not trademark the phrase in commerce. On August 5, 2015, radio personality Bobby Bones took note of this and successfully filed a trademark for the phrase's use in commerce. Two days later Bones tweeted at Trump, offering the use of his slogan back in exchange for a $100,000 donation to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. On October 29, Bones followed up the tweet with an image of a check from the Trump Organization. The amount on the check was undisclosed and Bones said that Trump could "have [his] slogan back".[23]
Following Trump's first election, the website of his presidential transition was established at g v.[24] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[20][25] However, Trump's 2020 campaign continued to use the "Make America Great Again" slogan.[26] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule for implying that Trump's first term had failed.[27][28] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[29] A 2020 executive order, titled "Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture", was nicknamed "Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Again" by proponents and the press.[30][31][32]
Less than a week after Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Again Party". In his first few days out of office, he also supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[33][34] The phrase was used again as the official slogan of Trump's 2024 presidential campaign. On June 3, 2023, Trump called his supporters Magadonians, prompting mockery on social media.[35][36]
MAGA hat
"Maga hat" redirects here; not to be confused with Magahat.
Trump with a "Keep America Great" hat in December 2019 and Elon Musk wearing a black MAGA hat at the 2025 Conservative Political Action Conference
During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, especially by wearing MAGA hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular among his supporters.[37] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at one point it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat ten to one. "... but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that's an advertisement."[20] The hat's white-on-red design saw great success as a symbol of unity among Trump supporters.[38][39]
Some critics have compared its use to other politically charged symbols, such as the Confederate flag, while supporters view it as an expression of patriotism and political identity.[40][41] Due to its association with Trump and his policies, the hat has been a source of controversy. Some individuals view it as a divisive or provocative symbol, while others see it as an exercise of their political beliefs.[42][43]
Trump supporters wearing MAGA hats, October 2025
In January 2019, it gained media attention during a highly publicized standoff between a group of high schoolers wearing the hat and Omaha tribe leader Nathan Phillips. The incident was initially perceived by some as racially charged; however, subsequent video footage led to a reassessment of the situation by multiple media outlets.[44][45] On December 29, 2022, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in Vancouver, Washington, ruled that wearing a MAGA hat is considered protected speech under the First Amendment. A former teacher had worn a MAGA hat to class to school and described facing verbal harassment and retaliation from school employees.[46]
Use on social media sites
See also: Social media use by Donald Trump
Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it's MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[47]
In the first half of 2017, Trump posted his slogan on Twitter 33 times. In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted: "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the average Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[48] Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said, "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[49] According to RiteTag, the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[50]
2025 internal split with Marjorie Taylor Greene
In late 2025, several media outlets reported a significant public rift between Donald Trump and Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene, one of the most prominent political figures associated with the MAGA movement. In November 2025, Trump withdrew his endorsement of Greene and publicly described her as “wacky” and a “lunatic.”[51][52]
According to reporting by The Globe and Mail, tensions escalated due to Greene’s advocacy for the release of Epstein-related documents, as well as broader disagreements about the future direction of the movement.[53]
Commentators described the fallout as a significant internal challenge for the MAGA movement. Some outlets suggested that the rift could complicate Republican candidate alignment, messaging, and endorsements ahead of the 2026 congressional and Senate elections, potentially weakening the movement’s cohesion.[54]
Additional reporting noted that the dispute coincided with the emergence of competing right-wing branding efforts, including the “America First Wave” promoted by activist Nick Fuentes. Some analysts viewed this as a sign of shifting internal dynamics within the broader MAGA base.[55]
Accusations of racism
See also: Racial views of Donald Trump
Further information: Racism in the United States and Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
Regarding its use since 2015, the phrase "Make America Great Again" is considered a loaded phrase and "dog whistle". Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, among others,[5][6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it as racist coded language, but also to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups have become more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as "America First" did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[56]
Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Great Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you wear one, it's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[57][58] Los Angeles Times columnist Nicholas Goldberg described MAGA as both one of the worst campaign slogans ever and "a fabulous campaign slogan", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[59] Actor Bryan Cranston said of the slogan: "So just ask yourself from, from an African American experience, when was it ever great in America for the African American? When was it great? If you're making it great again, it's not including them."[60]
A 2018 study that used text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[61]
Derivative slogans
"Make America Great Again" has been the subject of many parodies, jokes, instances of praise, references, and criticisms which base themselves on the four-word slogan.[62]
Derivatives used by Trump
"Keep America Great" has been the most popular derivative of "Make America Great Again", with Trump's 2020 presidential campaign adopting it as the official slogan, though often used alongside "Make America Great Again".[63][64] Upon Trump announcing his candidacy for president in the 2024 election, commentators described his use of the tagline "Make America Great and Glorious Again" ("MAGAGA"). The term has come to be a humorous descriptor for Trump's re-election bid, and many outlets have commented on the humor that "MAGAGA" provides, usually on the word "gag" being part of the acronym.[65][66][67]
At the 2024 Republican National Convention, some people wore clothing with the slogan "Make American Great Again Again".[citation needed] In October 2024, Trump promised former third-party candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. control of public health using the phrase "Make America Healthy Again".[68][69] In November 2024, after Governor Gavin Newsom pledged to convene California lawmakers to secure California's progressive policies against the incoming Trump administration, Trump made "Make California Great Again" go viral on social media.[70][71]
During a joint press conference with Philippine president Bongbong Marcos at the White House in July 2025, Trump voiced support for the Philippines' independent foreign policy and said, "I think he (Marcos) has to do what's right for his country. I've always said, you know, make the Philippines great again. Do whatever you need to do."[72][73]
Make Iran Great Again
The slogan, Make Iran Great Again, was coined by U.S. president Donald Trump which characterizes the Islamic regime as damaging Iran and advocates for its replacement to help Iran become a stronger nation.[74][75] This slogan was also used by the Iranian opposition group Restart.[76]
Anti-Trump derivatives, parodies, and other derivatives
Two women wear "Make Donald Drumpf Again" hats during the 2017 Women's March.
The phrase has been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the US–Mexico border and a reference to Mexico's loss of 55% of its territory to the US with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.[77][78]
Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Again" strip club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[79] John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[80][81] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[81]
In 2017, after the certification of the election of Trump by Congress, then-Vice-president Joe Biden was heard saying "God Save the Queen", leading to History Today claiming it would get "Make America Great Britain Again".[82] Later in the year, comedian Jimmy Kimmel repeated the phrase to suggest limiting presidential power.[83] A 2018 essay about the Barack Obama birtherism conspiracy in the Journal of Hate Studies by two professors at Bates College was titled "Make America Hate Again: Donald Trump and the Birther Conspiracy".[84]
A 2019 "Make Earth Greta Again" protestor in Berlin
The phrase has been adopted by some environmentalists. In June 2017, French president Emmanuel Macron rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last sentence of the speech he delivered was "make our planet great again".[85] Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have also frequently used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to environmental activist Greta Thunberg.[86] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Again.[87] After Joe Biden defeated Trump in the 2020 presidential election, Biden's wife Jill posted an image of her and her husband on Instagram which featured Joe wearing a blue cap with white text reading "We Just Did", meant as a response to Trump's "Make America Great Again" slogan.[88]
In late 2022, the political slogan "MAGA Communism" trended on Twitter after being tweeted out by former San Clemente city council candidate Jackson Hinkle. MAGA Communism adherents call on those who support the American working class to ally with members of the MAGA movement.[89] During the presidential campaign Javier Milei in Argentina in 2023, the slogan MAGA was adapted as "Make Argentina Great Again".[90][91] Milei, a personal friend,[92] as well as an admirer of Trump,[91] later won the election in November 2023, with Trump sending a congratulatory message with the slogan "Make Argentina Great Again".[93][94] The term "Blue MAGA" is used to criticize a cult-like dedication to Biden as a person, the Democratic Party's use of conspiracy theories to explain opposition to Biden's 2024 presidential candidacy, and dismissals of information or polling that does not reflect well on Biden; the term seeks to suggest an equivalence between some supporters of Biden and Trump.[95][96][97]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva wearing a cap with the phrase "Brazil belongs to Brazilians" (top) and some ministers (bottom); from left, Alckmin, Dweck, Franco, Haddad, and Silva
In early 2025, the Brazilian government's secretary of communication Sidônio Palmeira created the slogan "Brazil belongs to Brazilians" ("O Brasil é dos brasileiros")—printed on blue caps—at the request of then-on-leave secretary of institutional affairs Alexandre Padilha, with the aim of countering the "Make America Great Again" caps.[98][99] Brazil's president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva also posted a video on social media wearing the cap, in what has sometimes been referred to as the "battle of the caps" or "cap war".[100][101] Padilha stated he was distressed to see people "saluting another country", in reference to former president Jair Bolsonaro;[98][99] also following Trump's inauguration, the governor of São Paulo Tarcísio de Freitas appeared wearing a red cap with the phrase "Make America Great Again".[101] In July of that year, after Trump's tariff hike against Brazil which was described by The Economist as the greatest interference since the Cold War, Lula da Silva adopted a nationalist stance, once again wearing a cap bearing the slogan "Brazil belongs to Brazilians".[102][103] In August, during the second ministerial meeting of the year, Lula da Silva and his ministers wore the cap in question; the president and all 38 ministers posed for identification-style photographs on the occasion.[104][101]
Use of the slogan by Trump's political rivals
After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send cease-and-desist letters to them.[20] Cruz later sold hats featuring "Make Trump Debate Again" in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016, debate.[105]
New York governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[106][107] Former United States attorney general Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was great?"[108][109] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made great again because America was always great."[110] Trump subsequently tweeted "MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" later that day.[111]
During remarks at the White House on May 4, 2022, President Joe Biden referred to former president Trump's "Make America Great Again" movement, saying, "This MAGA crowd is really the most extreme political organization that's existed in American history, in recent American history."[112] On September 1, 2022, he dedicated remarks at the White House "on the continued battle for the soul of the nation",[113] to attacks on "Donald Trump and the MAGA Republicans", saying that "Donald Trump and the MAGA Republicans represent an extremism that threatens the very foundations of our republic", and that "MAGA Republicans have made their choice. They embrace anger. They thrive on chaos. They live not in the light of truth but in the shadow of lies."[114]
After Florida governor Ron DeSantis announced his run for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primary, several news outlets said he promised to "Make America Florida".[115][116][117][118][119] One of the most widespread anti-Trump derivatives of "Make America Great Again" during the Trump presidency and the 2020 election was "Make America Think Again", often combined with 2020 Democratic primary candidate Andrew Yang's preferred version of "Make America Think Harder" ("MATH"). The slogan has been spotted at numerous anti-Trump events from Democratic political rallies to marches to social media, with Live Science noting "Think Again" as one of its top hashtags for 2017.[120][121][122][123]
"Make America White Again"
Since 2016, the phrase "Make America White Again" was used by hate groups and politicians who align themselves with Trump.[124] Australian political commentator and former Liberal Party leader John Hewson also used the slogan in reference to his belief that recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubt about U.S. president Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Make America Great Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, wink—to Make America White Again."[125] Neo-Nazi James Mason expressed that the election of Trump gave him hope, commenting that "in order to Make America Great Again, you have to make it white again".[126]
In popular culture
See also: Works with titles derived from Make America Great Again
"Make America Great Again" has frequently been parodied in advertising, the media, and other outlets of popular culture, with varying levels of comparison to Trump from none at all to a rebuke of the former president and his ideology.
In advertising
The slogan was parodied by Dunk-a-roos as "Make America Dunk Again",[127] and also in the film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming's tagline of "Make America Bait Again."[128]
In artwork
Make Everything Great Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania. Inspired by the graffiti painting My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love, it depicts Donald Trump giving a fraternal kiss to the Russian president Vladimir Putin.[129][130]
In fashion
Fashion designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" official presidential campaign flag to design a MAGA gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on red carpet, such as at the 2017 Grammy Awards.[131]
In films and web series
The tagline for the film The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use as his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explain why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to keep my country [America] great".[132] The next film in the franchise, The First Purge, was subsequently advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[133] In The Boys Season 4, the political slogan "Make America Super Again" serves as the main rallying cry for Homelander, the primary antagonist, as he successfully executes his own version of January 6 coup attempt in the universe of The Boys franchise.[134][135]
In literature
Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for the dictator Andrew Steele Jarret in her 1998 dystopian novel Parable of the Talents.[136] In 2011, Republican former United States Senate candidate Christine O'Donnell published a book about her campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Make America Great Again.[137] Political advisor Dan Pfeiffer's second book is called Un-Trumping America: A Plan to Make America a Democracy Again. Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again,[138] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the 2003 invasion of Iraq and during the early years of the war on terror.
In music
Snoop Dogg's second EP is called Make America Crip Again with the second single titled "M.A.C.A." Dogg was quoted in Rolling Stone as saying that "Make America Great Again" refers to a time in the past that "always takes me back to separation and segregation so I'd rather Make America Crip Again" and referred to a time "when young black men in impoverished areas organized to help their communities and to take care of their own because society basically left them for dead".[139] Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[140] Australian heavy metal band Thy Art Is Murder recorded a song called "Make America Hate Again" on their album Human Target.[141]
On television
The Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" has Gabriel Lorca vowing in one scene to "Make the Empire glorious again".[142][143][144][145] In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[146]
In video games
Senator Armstrong, the antagonist of the 2013 video game Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance uses the phrase "make America great again".[147] Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus, a first-person shooter video game with Nazis as the enemy, was given the advertising tagline "Make America Nazi-Free Again", which some people objected to as anti-Trump, though a company executive said the game was not a "social critique on 2017 America." Peters Hines, the studio's vice president of marketing and public relations, was quoted on GamesIndustry.biz as saying, "Wolfenstein has been a decidedly anti-Nazi series since the first release more than 20 years ago. We aren't going to shy away from what the game is about. We don't feel it's a reach for us to say Nazis are bad and un-American, and we're not worried about being on the right side of history here."[148]
Similar slogans used outside the United States
During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[149] During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Christian Democrats party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Again".[150][151] The Spanish far-right party Vox used "Hacer a España grande otra vez" (Make Spain Great Again) as a slogan.[152][153]
During the 2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election campaign, the Leader of the Opposition and former prime minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar, who has been accused as attempting to be a "wannabe Trinidad and Tobago Trump,"[154] used the phrase "Make T&T (Trinidad and Tobago) great again!"[155] Following Donald Trump's victory in the 2024 United States presidential election, she described his win as an effort to "restore conservative American values and ideals, which have been under attack by promoters of extreme far-left ideology."[156] In Singapore, the slogan "Make Yishun Great Again" was used by content creators as a running joke where the town itself has a stereotype for being dangerous. There were hats sold with the phrase.[157] Similarly, People's Power Party, a political party in Singapore, used a variant of the slogan, "Make Singapore Home Again" for their party's manifesto and campaign during the 2025 Singaporean general election.[158]
The right-wing populist United Australia Party used the slogans "Make Australia Great" and "Make Australia Great Again" during the 2019 and 2022 Australian federal elections.[159][160] Coalition senator Jacinta Nampijinpa Price used the phrase "make Australia great again" during the 2025 federal election campaign. At a later press conference, she said she hadn't "even realise[d]" she said the phrase and accused media outlets of being "obsessed with Donald Trump".[161] In Israel, the Israeli far-right has used the similar expression "Make Israel Great Again" along with the acronym MIGA.[162] In Mongolia, Khaltmaagiin Battulga used as his 2017 presidential election campaign slogan "Монгол Ялна" (Mongol Yalna, "Mongolia Will Win"), with its abbreviation "Мояа" (Moya) being a derivative term.[163] The 2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union used the motto "Make Europe Great Again" (MEGA).[164][165][166] In the Philippines, Isko Moreno used the slogan "Make Manila Great Again" for his mayoral campaign during the 2025 Manila local elections.[167]
In January 2025, during an Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) campaign rally for the 2025 German federal election, Elon Musk spoke at the event through a video call, reiterating his previous endorsement of the party. Following his short speech, Alice Weidel, the leading AfD candidate for the upcoming elections, thanked Musk and used the derived expression "Make Germany great again".[168] In February 2025, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi used the derivative "Make India Great Again" during a bilateral meeting with Trump, saying: "Borrowing an expression from the US, our vision for a developed India is to 'Make India Great Again', or MIGA. When America and India work together, when it's MAGA plus MIGA, it becomes mega – a mega partnership for prosperity."[169] An April 2025 article by The Economist which introduced the impact of the second Trump administration tariffs in China was entitled "How America could end up making China great again".[170] In Syria, a billboard was seen in Damascus during the visit of U.S. Republican congressman Cory Mills, displaying the phrase "Make Syria Great Again."[171] In an interview with the Jewish Journal on 28 May 2025, Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa said he accepted the role to help rebuild Syria, stating, "We have no choice but to succeed", and used the phrase "We must make Syria great again".[172]
See also
America is Back – Political catchphrase
American Century – Term for American geopolitical dominance
American decline – Idea that the United States is diminishing in power
Declinism – Belief that something is getting worse
Democratic backsliding in the United States
Generation gap – Difference of opinions between generations
List of political slogans
Pax Americana – Historical concept
Post-Western era – Conjectured era without Western dominance
Rosy retrospection – Disproportionate favor towards the past
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Make America Great Again.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Make America Great Again.
Gökarıksel, Banu; Smith, Sara (September 2016). "'Making America great again'?: The fascist body politics of Donald Trump". Political Geography. 54: 79–81. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.07.004. ISSN 0962-6298.
Jackson, Paul Nicholas (June 24, 2021). "Debate: Donald Trump and Fascism Studies". Fascism. 10 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1163/22116257-10010009. ISSN 2211-6249. S2CID 237872244.
Mukherjee, S. Romi (September 10, 2018). "Make America Great Again as White Political Theology". Revue LISA / LISA e-journal. 16 (2). doi:10.4000/lisa.9887. ISSN 1762-6153. S2CID 70301111.
Huber, Lindsay Perez (Fall 2016). "Make America Great again: Donald Trump, Racist Nativism and the Virulent Adherence to White Supremecy Amid U.S. Demographic Change". Charleston Law Review. 10 (2): 215–250. ISSN 1934-4473.
DiMaggio, Anthony R. (2021). Rising Fascism in America. doi:10.4324/9781003198390. ISBN 978-1-00-319839-0. S2CID 244785516.
Ward, Richard; Hristova, Stefka (2022). "Slogans of White Supremacy". In Goldstein, Donna M.; Drybread, Kristen (eds.). Corruption and Illiberal Politics in the Trump Era. pp. 219–234. doi:10.4324/9781003152729-17. ISBN 978-1-00-315272-9.
Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention, C-SPAN
Make America Great Again? An Examination of Trump's Slogan,
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Las Vegas, 2016 Pennsylvania, 2024
raised-fist photographs perpetrator Florida, 2024
perpetrator
Family
Wives
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Children
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Campaigns
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Access Hollywood recording "Kamala is for they/them" (attack ad) Trump Bible "God Bless the U.S.A." (campaign song) "Y.M.C.A." (campaign song)
2016
Presidential campaign
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debates running mate selection convention General election
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2020
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Legal affairs
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Related
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penthouse apartment Bedminster Mar-a-Lago The Visionary Colorado State Capitol portrait Social media
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← Barack Obama ← Joe Biden →
Category
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First presidency of Donald Trump (2017–2021)
Previous: Obama administration Next: Biden administration
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General
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Second presidency of Donald Trump (2025–present)
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Policies
Domestic
DEI
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Healthcare
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Democratic
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Protests
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protests
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resolutions Free America Weekend Good Trouble Lives On protest Hands Off protests No Kings protests
June 2025 October 2025 People's March Response to DOGE Stand Up for Science 2025 2025 United States boycott
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Related
2024 election
Trump campaign Anti-LGBTQ movement Colorado State Capitol portrait Donald Trump and antisemitism Elon Musk feud Executive Branch (club) Jeffrey Epstein relationship
Birthday book Epstein files National Mall statue Epstein Files Transparency Act Kennedy Center Lake Kaweah and Lake Success water release Mar-a-Lago face/Republican makeup Penny debate in the United States Presidential library Project Esther Qatari luxury jet gift TACO $Trump White House State Ballroom
Demolition of East Wing
Category
vte
Ronald Reagan
40th President of the United States (1981–1989) 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975)
Life and
politics
Birthplace Pitney Store Boyhood home General Electric Showcase House Rancho del Cielo 668 St. Cloud Road Filmography Political positions Governorship of California Presidential Library and Museum Reagan era Official White House portraits 1989 trip to Japan Death and state funeral
Riderless horse
Presidency
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Speeches
Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine (1961) "A Time for Choosing" (1964) States' rights speech (1980) First inaugural address (1981) Joint session of Congress (1981) "Ash heap of history" (1982) "Evil empire" (1983) Second inaugural address (1985) "Tear down this wall!" (1987) State of the Union
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Books
An American Life The Reagan Diaries
Elections
1966 California gubernatorial election
11th commandment 1970 California gubernatorial election Republican presidential primaries (1968 1976 1980 1984) Republican National Convention (1968 1976 1980 1984) 1976 presidential campaign 1980 presidential campaign
"There you go again" "Let's make America great again" 1984 presidential campaign
"Morning in America" "Bear in the woods" United States presidential election (1976 1980 1984)
Cultural
depictions
Bibliography In music
Let Them Eat Jellybeans! (1981) U.S. Postage stamps Rap Master Ronnie Ed the Happy Clown (1983 comic series) Spitting Image (TV series) (1984) A Mind Forever Voyaging (1985 game) The Dark Knight Returns (1986)
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Memorials
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Family
Jane Wyman (first wife) Nancy Reagan (second wife) Maureen Reagan (daughter) Michael Reagan (adopted son) Patti Davis (daughter) Ron Reagan (son) Jack Reagan (father) Nelle Wilson Reagan (mother) Neil Reagan (brother) Rex (dog)
Related
"What would Reagan do?"
← Jimmy Carter George H. W. Bush → Category
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Bill Clinton
42nd President of the United States (1993–2001) 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992)
Presidency
(timeline)
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1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 January 2001 Economic policy AmeriCorps Health care plan North American Free Trade Agreement Balanced Budget Foreign policy International trips Clinton Doctrine Oslo I Accord Israel–Jordan peace treaty Dayton Agreement 2000 Camp David Summit Cruise missile strikes on Iraq
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Books
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Namesakes
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Popular
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of assassinations" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.
This is a list of successful assassinations, sorted by location. For failed assassination attempts, see List of people who survived assassination attempts.
For the purposes of this article, an assassination is defined as the deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure for political or ideological reasons.
Africa
See also: List of assassinations in Africa
Americas
Antigua and Barbuda
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
7 December 1710 Daniel Parke, British governor of the Leeward Islands Several members of a mob. An angry mob captured Parke in his house, beat him severely, and dragged him out to die of his wounds.[1] His last words to his tormentors, as he lay dying, were reported as: "Gentlemen, you have no sense of honor left, pray have some of humanity."[2]
Argentina
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1835 Facundo Quiroga, Governor of La Rioja Province José Vicente Reynafé, Reynafé brothers, Capt. Santos Pérez While returning to Buenos Aires, armed men ambushed his carriage; Quiroga was shot in his left eye when he left the carriage to negotiate.
1838 Alejandro Heredia, Governor of Tucumán Province Gabino Robles, Vicente Neirot, Lucio Casas, Gregorio Uriarte, Heredia was shot in the head when he and his son were ambushed by an armed party. The perpetrators left Heredia and his son. The body was discovered 2 days later
1841 José Cubas, Governor of Catamarca Province Mariano Maza
1841 Marco Avellaneda, Governor of Tucumán Province Mariano Maza
1861 Antonino Aberastain, Governor of San Juan Province
1863 Chacho Peñaloza, La Rioja Province insurrectionist Col. Pablo Irrazábal
1870 Justo José de Urquiza, former president of Argentina and Governor of Entre Ríos Province
1889 Ricardo López Jordán, soldier, politician, and former governor of Entre Ríos Province
1908 Mariano Santillán, Jr., National Deputy for Santiago del Estero Province
1909 Ramón Falcón, chief of the National Police Simón Radowitzky Assassinated by anarchists as a retaliation for his brutal repression of workers.
1921 Amable Jones, Governor of San Juan Province
1929 Carlos Washington Lencinas, former Governor of Mendoza Province
1935 Enzo Bordabehere, National Senator for Santa Fe Province Ramón Valdez Cora Killed during a session of the Argentine Senate.
1969 Augusto Vandor, Metalworkers Union (UOM) Secretary General Killed in commando attack by the Ejército Nacional Revolucionario (National Revolutionary Army), a far-left Peronist splinter group.
1970 Pedro Aramburu, former de facto president of Argentina Executed by the Peronist guerrilla Montoneros in revenge for the abduction of Evita's body and for the execution of those implicated in a 1956 failed uprising, during Aramburu's dictatorship.
1970 José Alonso, CGT Secretary General Montoneros
1972 Oberdan Sallustro, Director of FIAT Argentina ERP
1973 José Ignacio Rucci, CGT Secretary General Montoneros
1973 Juan Manuel Irrazábal, Governor of Misiones Province Argentine Anticommunist Alliance Killed with Vice-Governor César Ayrault by bomb placed in Beechcraft Queen Air plane.
1974 Arturo Mor Roig, former Interior Minister Montoneros
1974 Carlos Mugica, Catholic Third World priest Rodolfo Almirón (Argentine Anticommunist Alliance)
1974 Rodolfo Ortega Peña, National Deputy for Buenos Aires Province Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
1974 Atilio López, former Vice-Governor of Córdoba Province Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
1974 Silvio Frondizi, University of Buenos Aires law professor Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
1974 Carlos Prats, exiled Chilean general, former Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army Michael Townley Killed by the secret service of the Pinochet dictatorship
1975 Hipólito Acuña, National Deputy for Santa Fe Province Montoneros
1975 John Egan, U.S. Honorary Consul in Córdoba Montoneros
1975 Rubén Cartier, Mayor of La Plata CNU, a right-wing student group liked to the Triple A
1975 Ramón Rojas, National Deputy for San Juan Province Fernando Otero Killed at the behest of Vineyard Workers' Federation (FOEVA) leader Delfor Ocampo.[3]
1975 Alberto Manuel Campos, Mayor of General San Martín Partido, Buenos Aires Province Montoneros
1976 Miguel Ragone, former governor of Salta Province Army Gen. Luciano Menéndez Abducted and killed by right-wing task force made of up of Army and provincial police officers led by Menéndez.
1976 Zelmar Michelini, exiled Uruguayan senator, founder of the Broad Front Killed after the 1976 Argentine coup as part of Operation Condor involving the collaboration between military dictatorships in the Southern Cone.
1976 Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz, exiled former speaker of the Uruguayan House of Representatives Killed alongside Zelmar Michelini
1976 Juan José Torres, exiled former military President of Bolivia Killed as part of Operation Condor
1976 Enrique Angelelli, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rioja Luis Estrella Beaten to death after Angelelli's car was run off the road on orders from III Army Corps Chief Luciano Menéndez.
1977 Juan Carlos Casariego de Bel, Chief Foreign Investments Adviser at Economy Ministry Army Capt. Héctor Vérgez Casariego had objected to a 400 million payout for the nationalization of the bankrupt CIADE electric company - one of whose top shareholders was the Economy Minister, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz.
1978 Miguel Tobías Padilla, Undersecretary for Coordination at Economy Ministry Montoneros
1985 Osvaldo Sivak, banker José Benigno Lorea, police officer Killed following ransom kidnapping by the Aníbal Gordon gang led by former Argentine Anticommunist Alliance operatives.
1997 José Luis Cabezas, photojournalist for leading Argentine news weekly Noticias. "Los Horneros" gang, led by Buenos Aires Provincial Police Inspector Gustavo Prellezo Killed on orders from businessman Alfredo Yabrán.
2019 Héctor Enrique Olivares, National Deputy for La Rioja Province Juan Jesús Fernández and Juan José Navarro Cádiz Killed in attack directed at Olivares' aide, Miguel Yadón (dead on arrival), by businessman Rafael Cano Carmona.
Bermuda
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1973 Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda Erskine "Buck" Burrows and Larry Tacklyn Shot outside Bermuda's Government House. Sharples's aide-de-camp Captain Hugh Sayers was also killed.
Bolivia
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1 January 1829 Pedro Blanco Soto, President of Bolivia Killed after being overthrown and taken prisoner.
11 June 1849 Eusebio Guilarte, former acting president of Bolivia
23 October 1861 Jorge Córdova, former president of Bolivia
23 March 1865 Manuel Isidoro Belzu, former president of Bolivia
27 November 1872 Agustín Morales, President of Bolivia Federico Lafaye
27 February 1894 Hilarión Daza, former president of Bolivia Assassinated after returning from exile.
17 June 1917 José Manuel Pando, former president of Bolivia
21 July 1946 Gualberto Villarroel, President of Bolivia Killed by mob.
9 August 1967 Che Guevara, revolutionary Captured and executed by Bolivian Special Forces
12 May 1973 Monika Ertl, communist militant and guerilla fighter Ambushed along with a fellow guerilla by Bolivian security forces in present-day El Alto in retaliation for the assassination of former head of intelligence in the ministry of internal affairs Roberto Quintanilla.
24 May 1989 Elders Jeffrey Brent Ball and Todd Ray Wilson, LDS Missionaries Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation
25 August 2016 Rodolfo Illanes, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Bolivia Protesting miners
Brazil
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1678 Ganga Zumba, leader of Quilombo dos Palmares
1695 Zumbi, leader of Quilombo dos Palmares Portuguese colonial authorities
1830 Líbero Badaró, journalist The assassination unleashed a wave of protests against the government of Pedro I of Brazil
1897 Carlos Machado de Bitterncourt, Minister of War Marcelino Bispo de Melo See Attempted assassination of Prudente de Morais
1908 José Plácido de Castro, former president of the Republic of Acre
1915 Pinheiro Machado, Senator for Rio Grande do Sul
1929 José Gomes Duarte, Mayor of Bauru, São Paulo Moacir de Almeida
1929 Manuel Francisco de Sousa Filho [PT], Federal Deputy for Pernambuco Ildefonso Simões Lopes [PT]
1930 João Pessoa Cavalcânti de Albuquerque, Governor of Paraíba João Duarte Dantas
1938 Virgulino Ferreira da Silva "Lampião", leader bandit of Cangaço Killed during the Massacre of Angico, led by João Bezerra da Silva
1938 Maria Gomes de Oliveira "Maria Bonita", bandit of Cangaço José Panta de Godoy Killed during the Massacre of Angico, led by João Bezerra da Silva
1964 Adib Shishakli, exiled Syrian military dictator Nawaf Ghazaleh
1971 Rubens Paiva, former Federal Deputy for São Paulo and critic of the Military dictatorship in Brazil
1973 Maurício Grabois, leader of the Communist Party of Brazil
1975 Vladimir Herzog, journalist
1976 Zuzu Angel, fashion designer and critic of the Military dictatorship in Brazil
1986 Josimo Morais Tavares, Catholic priest and coordinator of the Comissão Pastoral da Terra Ranchers Killed by ranchers for his support of rural workers.
1988 Francisco "Chico" Alves Mendes Filho, environmental activist Darci Alves Pereira Shot on the orders of the assassin's father, rancher Darly Alves da Silva
1992 Edmundo Pinto, Governor of Acre
1996 Paulo César Farias, President Fernando Collor de Mello's campaign treasurer
2001 Antonio da Costa Santos, Mayor of Campinas, São Paulo
2001 Aguinaldo Pereira da Silva, Mayor of Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte [4]
2002 Celso Daniel, Mayor of Santo André, São Paulo
2002 Tim Lopes, journalist Elias "Maluco" Pereira da Silva
André "Capeta" da Cruz Barbosa
Cláudio "Ratinho" Orlando do Nascimento
Maurício "Boizinho" de Lima Matias
Claudino "Xuxa" dos Santos Coelho
Elizeu "Zeu" Felício de Souza
Ângelo "Primo" da Silva
Reinaldo "Cadê" Amaral de Jesus
Fernando "Frei" Sátyro da Silva Murdered by drug traffickers connected to Comando Vermelho and Amigos dos Amigos
2002 Lídia Menezes, Vice Mayor of Magé, Rio de Janeiro [5][6]
2005 Dorothy Stang, American nun Raifran das Neves Sales Killed by business interests
2010 Walderi Braz Paschoalin [PT], Mayor of Jandira, São Paulo
2016 José Gomes da Rocha, former mayor of Itumbiara, São Paulo, and mayoral candidate Gilberto Ferreira do Amaral
2016 Kyriakos Amiridis, Greek ambassador to Brazil Françoise de Sousa Oliveira and Sergio Gomes Murdered by Gomes on the orders of Oliveira, and corpse burnt in an arson attack on a rental car.[7]
2018 Marielle Franco, human rights activist and City Councillor of Rio de Janeiro Ronnie Lessa and Élcio Vieira de Queiroz[8] Convicted assassins reportedly hired by local militias[9]
2018 Gerson Camata, former Governor of Espírito Santo Marcos Vinícius Moreira Andrade
2019 Paulo Paulino Guajajara, Indigenous environmental activist Murdered by illegal loggers [10]
2023 Mãe Bernadete, community activist
Canada
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
7 April 1868 Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Father of Canadian Confederation Patrick J. Whelan
14 December 1872 William End, Magistrate in northern New Brunswick He and his office set aflame by ex-convict.
9 May 1880 George Brown, Father of Canadian Confederation George Bennett
21 October 1914 William C. Hopkinson, immigration officer, British intelligence agent Mewa Singh, Ghadarite sympathizer
29 October 1924 Peter Verigin, Russian philosopher, activist, leader of the Community Doukhobors in Canada Assassinated via train explosion. The explosion also killed member of the provincial legislature John McKie. Perpetrators never identified.
17 October 1970 Pierre Laporte, Deputy Premier and Minister of Labour of Quebec Bernard Lortie, Paul Rose, Jacques Rose, Francis Simard[11] Kidnapped and murdered by the FLQ.
27 August 1982 Atilla Altıkat, Turkish diplomat Armenian Secret Army For the Liberation of Armenia Assassinated by Armenian nationalists in Ottawa.
10 March 1993 Dino Bravo, wrestler Shot eleven times at his home in Vimont, Laval, Quebec. Believed to have been a result in his alleged role in illegal cigarette smuggling in Canada and his ties to the Cotroni Crime Family.
1 August 1995 Brian Smith, sports anchor and former ice hockey player Jeffery Arenburg Shot outside the CJOH-DT studio, died the next day.
18 November 1998 Tara Singh Hayer, founder of the Indo-Canadian Times, Journalist Outspoken critic of extremism, key witness in the trial of the Air India 182 Flight Bombing. This was the third attempt on his life, the first was a thwarted bombing and the second, a shooting, had left him paralysed.
10 November 2010 Nicolo Rizzuto, crime boss and founder of the Rizzuto crime family Shot by a sniper's bullet through the rear patio doors of his mansion in the Cartiervill borough of Montreal. On July 12, 2013, Salvatore Calautti, a Toronto criminal figure, suspected by police of being the assassin who shot Rizzuto, was shot dead.
14 July 2022 Ripudaman Singh Malik, Air India bombing suspect Tanner Fox & Jose Lopez Shot and killed outside his business. The two hitmen admit to being paid to perform the killing but it has not yet been determined by whom.[12]
18 June 2023 Hardeep Singh Nijjar, Canadian Sikh involved with the Khalistan movement Four people currently arrested awaiting trial.[13] Allegedly assassinated on orders of the Indian government for his role in the Khalistani movement.
Chile
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1818 Luis Carrera and his brother Juan José Carrera, independence war heroes Attributed to the head of the government, Bernardo O'Higgins
1818 Manuel Rodriguez, lawyer and guerrilla leader, considered one of the founders of independent Chile Attributed to the head of the government, Bernardo O'Higgins
1837 Diego Portales, entrepreneur, statesman and Minister of War Colonel José Antonio Vidaurre
1970 René Schneider, Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army Was kidnapped and killed by far-right paramilitary squads, due to his opposition to any intervention of the armed forces to block the election of left-wing candidate Salvador Allende in 1970.
1971 Edmundo Pérez Zujovic, former Secretary of Interior Affairs
1973 Víctor Jara, left-wing singer Killed after the coup of 1973.
1982 Eduardo Frei Montalva, former President of Chile and opponent of the Pinochet dictatorship Although he officially died by sepsis after a low-risk surgery, recent research suggests he was poisoned by the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional. However, there is no absolute certainty about the real causes of his death.[14]
1982 Tucapel Jiménez, trade-unionist Killed by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.[15]
1991 Jaime Guzmán, right-wing Senator and former adviser to the Pinochet dictatorship Killed by far-left guerrillas after the return of democracy.
Colombia
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1830 Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan politician, statesman, soldier Juan Gregorio Sarria, José Erazo, and three peons
1861 José María Obando, former President
1914 Rafael Uribe Uribe, lawyer, journalist, diplomat, soldier
1948 Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Liberal Party leader Juan Roa Sierra His assassination sparked the Bogotazo and served as a catalyst for La Violencia
1984 Carlos Toledo Plata, early leader of the M-19 guerrilla movement and member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
1984 Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, Minister of Justice The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel
1985 Tulio Manuel Castro Gil, Judge who had indicted Pablo Escobar
1985 Alfonso Reyes Echandia, Head of the Supreme Court. Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Fabio Calderon Botero, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Pedro Elias Serrano Abadia, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Dario Velasquez Gaviria, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Jose Eduardo Gnecco Correa, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Ricardo Medina Moyano, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Alfonso Patiño Rosselli, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Carlos Medellin Forero, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Fanny Gonzalez Franco, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Dante Luis Fiorillo Porras, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Manuel Gaona Cruz, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Horacio Montoya Gil, Supreme Court Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Carlos Horacio Uran Rojas, State Council Assistant Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Lizandro Juan Romero Barrios, State Council Assistant Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Emiro Sandoval Huertas, State Council Assistant Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Julio Cesar Andrade Andrade, State Council Assistant Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1985 Jorge A Correa Echeverry, State Council Assistant Justice Killed during the Palace of Justice Siege.
1986 Guillermo Cano Isaza, Director of El Espectador newspaper The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel
1987 Jaime Pardo Leal, Presidential candidate, leader of the Patriotic Union party The assassination was ordered by druglord José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha.
1987 Carlos Mauro Hoyos, Attorney General of Colombia The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel.
1989 Teófilo Forero, National Organizing Secretary of the Colombian Communist Party
1989 Luis Carlos Galán, Presidential candidate, leader of the Colombian Liberal Party Jaime Rueda The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel.
1989 Jorge Enrique Pulido, journalist, Director of Mundovision The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel
1989 Waldemar Franklin Quintero, Commander of the Police of Antioquia The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel
1990 Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, Presidential candidate, leader of the Patriotic Union party[16] Andres Arturo Gutierrez
1990 Carlos Pizarro Leongómez, Presidential candidate, leader of the M-19 party
1991 Diana Turbay, journalist Turbay was kidnapped on August 30, 1990, when she was tricked into going to a supposed interview with a guerrilla leader, the Spanish priest Manuel Pérez Martínez, alias El Cura Pérez (The Priest Pérez), orchestrated on the orders of Pablo Escobar. Turbay was kept at Copacabana, Antioquia, with her cameraman Richard Becerra. She died on January 25, 1991, during a botched rescue operation launched by the police without authorization from the family. The cause of death was a bullet in her back, which partially destroyed her liver and left kidney. Becerra was rescued unharmed.
1991 Enrique Low Murtra, former Ambassador to Switzerland Medellin Cartel The assassination was ordered by the Medellin Cartel
2 December 1993 Pablo Escobar, drug lord Search Bloc Killed during a shoot out in Medellín
2 July 1994 Andrés Escobar, footballer Believed to have been killed by criminal figures who lost money on bets after Escobar scored an own goal in the 1994 FIFA World Cup that knocked Colombia out of the tournament
1994 Manuel Cepeda Vargas, Senator, leader of the Patriotic Union party
1995 Alvaro Gómez Hurtado, former presidential candidate and director of El Nuevo Siglo newspaper FARC (allegedly) FARC has claimed responsibility for the assassination.[17]
1999 Jaime Garzón, journalist, activist and satirist Right wing paramilitaries
2000 Crispiniano Quiñones Quiñones, Colombian Army General Assassinated by members of FARC
2001 Consuelo Araújo, former Minister of Culture Assassinated by members of FARC
2003 Guillermo Gaviria Correa, Governor of Antioquia Assassinated by members of FARC
2003 Gilberto Echeverri Mejía, former Minister of Defense and adviser to Governor Gaviria (see above) Assassinated by members of FARC
2009 Luis Francisco Cuéllar, Governor of Caquetá Assassinated by members of FARC
2021 Germán Medina Triviño, former governor of Caquetá Assassinated by members of FARC
2025 Miguel Uribe Turbay, Senator and presidential pre-candidate Assassination of Miguel Uribe Turbay
Turbay initially survived the assassination, but was hospitalised in critical condition. He died two months later.
Costa Rica
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
23 August 1938 Ricardo Moreno Cañas, doctor and politician, and surgeon Carlos Echandi Beltrán Cortés Killed as revenge for a failed surgery the two doctors had operated on Cortes. Moreno was shot to death inside his home, while Echandi was shot to death outside his door. Cortes also killed Canadian Arthur Maynard that same day.[18][19]
Cuba
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
8 May 1935 Antonio Guiteras, Revolutionary Socialist leader
Curaçao
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
5 May 2013 Helmin Wiels, leader of the Sovereign People party. Elvis Kuwas
Dominican Republic
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
26 July 1899 Ulises Heureaux, president of the Dominican Republic Ramón Cáceres, president of the Dominican Republic
19 November 1911 Ramón Cáceres, president of the Dominican Republic
30 May 1961 Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, Dominican Republic dictator Shot in ambush
16 February 1973 Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, military officer and former de facto leader
6 June 2022 Orlando Jorge Mera, Environment Minister Favsto Miguel de Jesús Cruz de la Mota[citation needed] Shot
Ecuador
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1875 Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador Faustino Rayo Shot outside Quito Cathedral, owing to his pro-religious views.
1912 Eloy Alfaro, former president of Ecuador Killed by a mob of pro-Catholic soldiers in Quito.
1999 Jaime Hurtado and Pablo Tapia, communist legislators Killed in Quito.
28 December 2020 Jorge Luis Zambrano, drug trafficker and head of Los Choneros Shot at point-blank range at a shopping center in Manta in the company of his wife and his daughter, as well as personnel who offered him protection.
24 July 2023 Agustín Intriago, Mayor of Manta[20]
9 August 2023 Fernando Villavicencio, Presidential candidate and former legislator Killed at a campaign rally in Quito.[21]
7 February 2024 Diana Carnero, Member of Naranjal City Council Shot by hitmen on motorcycles on a public street.
23 March 2024 Brigitte García, mayor of San Vicente Shot multiple times in her car along with her staffer Jairo Loor. The killer has not been captured.[22]
El Salvador
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1913 Manuel Enrique Araujo, President of El Salvador
1975 Roque Dalton, poet and revolutionary People's Revolutionary Army Executed for criticizing fellow members of the ERP.
1977 Rutilio Grande García, S.J., Roman Catholic priest
1977 Alfonso Navarro Oviedo, Roman Catholic priest
1978 Ernesto Barrera, Roman Catholic priest Killed by Salvadoran soldiers
1979 Octavio Ortiz Luna, Roman Catholic priest
1979 Rafael Palacios, Roman Catholic priest
1979 Alirio Napoleón Macías, Roman Catholic priest
1980 Óscar Arnulfo Romero, Archbishop of San Salvador Killed by right-wing death squad.
1980 Enrique Álvarez Córdova and five other leaders of the opposition Democratic Revolutionary Front (FDR) Captured and killed by government aligned security forces.
1980 Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Dorothy Kazel, and Jean Donovan, American Roman Catholic nuns Killed by the National Guard of El Salvador.
1983 Marianella García Villas,[23] human rights lawyer and activist Killed by the Salvadoran Armed Forces.
1983 Albert Schaufelberger, senior U.S. Naval representative Killed by members of the Central American Revolutionary Workers Party.
1984 Domingo Monterrosa, commander of the Atlácatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army, and perpetrator of the El Mozote Massacre Killed by the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) along with 13 others using a bomb hidden inside a radio transmitter in the helicopter he was flying in over Joateca in retaliation for massacres committed by the Atlácatl Battalion.
1989 María Cristina Gómez, teacher and community leader
1989 Ignacio Ellacuría, Roman Catholic Jesuit priest Killed by Atlácatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army.
1989 Ignacio Martín-Baró, Roman Catholic Jesuit priest Killed by Atlácatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army.
1989 Segundo Montes, Roman Catholic Jesuit priest Killed by Atlácatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army.
Grenada
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1983 Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada Killed along with Creft and six other politicians and businessmen in a coup that led to the United States invasion of Grenada a few days later.
1983 Jacqueline Creft, Minister of Education and Women's Affairs and domestic partner of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop Killed along with Bishop and six other politicians and businessmen in a coup that led to the United States invasion of Grenada a few days later.
Guatemala
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1898 José María Reina Barrios, President of Guatemala
1957 Carlos Castillo Armas, President of Guatemala[24] Killed by bodyguard
1968 John Gordon Mein, United States ambassador in Guatemala FAR Shot one block from the U.S. embassy in Guatemala City by rebels during a botched kidnapping attempt
1970 Karl von Spreti, West German ambassador in Guatemala FAR
1970 César Montenegro Paniagua, communist politician and former congressman Murdered three days after in retaliation for von Spreti's own murder
1979 Alberto Fuentes Mohr, Social Democratic Party leader
1979 Manuel Colom Argueta, Mayor of Guatemala City
1980 Hugo Rolando Melgar Melgar, Law professor at San Carlos University and leftist leader Efrain Rios Montt regime Ambushed on his way to work by the Guatemalan Army
1981 Stanley Rother, American Roman Catholic priest Shot twice in the head by gunmen who forced their way into his rectory in Santiago Atitlán.
1993 Jorge Carpio Nicolle, journalist and founder of the National Centre Union
April 26, 1998 Juan José Gerardi Conedera, Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Guatemala Beaten to death by Guatemalan soldiers.
2012 Valentín Leal, legislator and former governor of Alta Verapaz
2013 Carlos Castillo Medrano, Mayor of Jutiapa
Guyana
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
18 November 1978 Leo Ryan, Member of the US House of Representatives Members of the Peoples Temple in Jonestown Shot to death in Guyana while investigating human rights violations by members of the Peoples Temple.
13 June 1980 Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure
22 April 2006 Satyadeow Sawh, Agriculture Minister Murdered along with his brother, sister and a security guard, by masked gunmen dressed in military fatigues.
Haiti
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
17 October 1806 Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor of Haiti
28 July 1915 Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, President of Haiti Killed by a mob.
14 July 1963 Clément Barbot, aide to President François Duvalier Killed after launching a failed coup.
11 September 1993 Antoine Izméry, businessman and Lavalas supporter
14 October 1993 Guy Malary, minister of justice
3 April 2000 Jean Dominique, journalist
14 July 2005 Jacques Roche, journalist
7 July 2021 Jovenel Moïse, President of Haiti Killed by Colombian mercenaries posing as US Drug Enforcement Administration agents. See Assassination of Jovenel Moïse
Honduras
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1862 José Santos Guardiola, President of Honduras
1966 Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, former President of El Salvador
2008 Mario Fernando Hernández, deputy speaker of the National Congress for the Liberal Party
2016 Berta Cáceres, environmental and indigenous rights activist David Castillo, former military intelligence officer
2021 Francisco Gaitán, Mayor of Cantarranas Wilfredo Velásquez
Jamaica
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
17 April 1987 Carlton Barrett, musician, drummer, and member of The Wailers Shot by a gunman outside his home in Kingston. Barrett's widow, Albertine Barrett, was subsequently jailed in 1991, after being convicted of conspiracy to commit murder. Sentenced with her were taxi driver Glenroy Carter, her reputed lover, and Junior "Bang" Neil, a mason, who the prosecution alleged was responsible for the actual shooting.
11 September 1987 Peter Tosh, musician, songwriter, and member of The Wailers Armed gunmen led by Dennis "Leppo" Lobban Shot twice in the head after being held hostage and tortured for hours during an armed robbery attempt at his home in Kingston. Killed alongside herbalist Wilton "Doc" Brown and disc jockey Jeff 'Free I' Dixon. Several others in the house were wounded, including Tosh's common law wife Andrea Marlene Brown, Free I's wife Yvonne ("Joy"), Tosh's drummer Carlton "Santa" Davis, and musician Michael Robinson.
2 June 1999 Junior Braithwaite, musician, singer, and member of The Wailers Shot and killed along with fellow musician Lawrence Scott in Kingston.
Mexico
See also: List of politicians killed during the 2024 Mexican elections
See also: List of politicians killed in the Mexican drug war
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
29 June 1520 Motecuhzoma II Xocoyotl, Emperor of the Aztec Alliance
14 February 1831 Vicente Guerrero, former President of Mexico Lured, captured, and executed by firing squad in a plot orchestrated by conservative political rivals in Cuilapan, Oaxaca.
3 June 1861 Melchor Ocampo, lawyer, scientist, and Liberal reformer Abducted from his hacienda in Michoacán by conservative guerrillas on orders from either Leonardo Márquez or Félix María Zuloaga or both (reports differ). Ocampo was executed by firing squad at the Hacienda of Tlaltengo, Tepeji del Río, in what is today the state of Hidalgo.
13 November 1863 Ignacio Comonfort, former president of Mexico and Secretary of War and Navy Ambushed and killed by conservative guerillas during the Second French Intervention in Mexico near Chamacueros, Guanajuato (present-day Comonfort).
18 August 1868 José María Patoni, Liberal general and former governor of Durango Officers under General Benigno Canto
10 November 1889 Ramon Corona, Liberal general and Governor of Jalisco Ron Salcedo Stabbed several times by Salcedo in Guadalajara and died the next day. Salcedo was later killed by local police.
22 February 1913 Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico[24] Killed in a coup along with Vice-president José María Pino Suárez. See Ten Tragic Days.
7 March 1913 Abraham González, revolutionary, governor of Chihuahua and mentor to Pancho Villa Officers under President Victoriano Huerta
7 October 1913 Belisario Dominguez, Senator of the Congress of the Union for Chiapas Officers under President Victoriano Huerta Abducted and shot in Mexico City under orders from Huerta after giving a memorable speech in the Senate denouncing him.
10 April 1919 Emiliano Zapata, revolutionary Officers under Colonel Jesús Guajardo Shot at Hacienda de San Juan in Chinameca, Morelos
20 May 1920 Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico[24] Killed in a revolt led by Álvaro Obregón
20 July 1923 Francisco "Pancho" Villa, revolutionary[25] Unknown, most likely attributed to a plot orchestrated by future President Plutarco Elías Calles with tacit support and approval of then-president Álvaro Obregón Shot while being driven in an open car at Parral, Chihuahua. His bodyguards Rafael Madreno and Claro Huertado were also killed.
3 January 1924 Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Governor of Yucatán Murdered as part of a plot by rogue army officers as part of a larger rebellion waged by former interim president Adolfo de la Huerta beginning the previous year. Executed by firing squad alongside three of his brothers, Wilfrido, Benjamín, and Edesio, and eight of their friends in Mérida, Yucatán.
10 June 1924 Salvador Alvarado, revolutionary and former governor of Yucatán Killed in an ambush near Palenque, Chiapas in retaliation for supporting the rebellion of Adolfo de la Huerta against then-President Alvaro Obregon
17 July 1928 Álvaro Obregón, President-elect[25] José de León Toral Killed by a pro-Catholic sympathizer as part of the Cristero War
10 January 1929 Julio Antonio Mella, Cuban revolutionary Unknown
11 April 1938 José Antonio Urquiza, political activist and co-founder of the National Synarchist Union Isidro Parra Stabbed twice by Parra, a farmer employed under him, while on a visit to Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato to settle a land dispute
20 August 1940 Leon Trotsky, exiled Russian communist leader[25] Ramón Mercader, an agent of the NKVD posing as a journalist Killed by penetrating head injury from an ice axe in his residence in Coyoacan, Mexico City.
23 May 1962 Rubén Jaramillo, revolutionary, politician, and agrarian rights activist Killed by Federal Judicial Police officers and soldiers raiding his home in an extrajudicial operation near Xochicalco, Miacatlán, Morelos. His wife, Epifanía, three stepsons, were subsequently taken and shot on the premises; the only surviving member of the family was a stepdaughter.
3 June 1974 Octavio Muciño, footballer Jaime Antonio Muldoon Barreto Shot at a Guadalajara restaurant after a physical altercation. Muldoon Barreto then fled to Spain and was never charged upon his return to Mexico in 1980, which was widely attributed to the influence and power possessed by the Muldoon Barreto family within the Mexican government.
30 May 1984 Manuel Buendía, journalist and political columnist Suspected that figures within the PRI wanted him killed.
9 February 1985 Enrique Camarena, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration Agent Abducted and killed by the Guadalajara Cartel with the assistance of figures within the Mexican government and law enforcement agencies
7 February 1986 Carlos Loret de Mola Mediz, journalist and former Governor of Yucatán
16 May 1992 Chalino Sánchez, singer-songwriter Executed on a farm in Culiacán, Sinaloa by two men posing as police officers hours after he had received a death threat via a note live on stage. The two men are believed to have been associated with the local cartel.
24 May 1993 Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo, Roman Catholic Cardinal of Guadalajara Sinaloa Cartel boss, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, may have also been involved. Shot at Guadalajara Airport, along with 6 other people, by the Tijuana Cartel using the San Diego-based Logan Heights Gang, either after his car was misidentified as belonging to the Sinaloa cartel or to silence Posadas regarding his denunciation of possible connections between government and drug cartels; some recent speculation that an anti-church group was involved.
23 March 1994 Luis Donaldo Colosio, Presidential candidate of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional[16] Mario Aburto Assassinated at a campaign rally in the Lomas Taurinas neighborhood of Tijuana.
28 September 1994 José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Secretary-General of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional Daniel Aguilar Treviño Shot while leaving a PRI party meeting in Mexico City. PRI deputy Fernando Rodríguez González confessed to authorities that he hired Aguilar Treviño and his cousin to commit the murder. Aguilar Treviño confessed that he was paid US$500,000 (equivalent to that of $1,038,026.32 in 2023) by Rodríguez González himself to commit the crime.
7 June 1999 Paco Stanley, comedian Luis Alberto Salazar Vega
19 October 2001 Digna Ochoa, human rights lawyer
22 June 2004 Francisco Ortiz Franco, contributing editor to Zeta Magazine
25 November 2006 Valentín Elizalde, banda singer Gunmen led by Raúl Hernández Barrón Ambushed and killed by gunmen by Hernández Barrón after leaving a concert in Reynosa, Tamaulipas along with his chauffeur and assistant. It is widely believed that Elizalde was killed for his concert performances of the corrido, "A Mis Enemigos", which contains lyrics believed to antagonize drug trafficking gang Los Zetas.[26] Hernández Barrón was later killed in a shootout with Mexican Federal Police in Reynosa on July 26, 2014 alongside several cartel members.
8 May 2008 Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez, Commissioner of the Federal Preventive Police Alejandro Ramírez Báez Murdered after arriving at his home in Mexico City by being shot at eight times in the chest and once in the hand on behalf of the Beltrán-Leyva Organization in retaliation for the arrest of co-founder Alfredo Beltrán Leyva.
19 June 2010 Jesús Manuel Lara Rodríguez, Mayor of Guadalupe, Chihuahua
28 June 2010 Rodolfo Torre Cantú, former member of the Chamber of Deputies and gubernatorial candidate in Tamaulipas He was shot and killed along with six in his entourage.
19 January 2012 Mario Arturo Acosta Chaparro, former Mexican Army general and convicted drug trafficker Jonathan Javier Arechega Zarazúa Approached by a lone gunman who him and shot him three times in the head after Acosta had arrived at an auto shop to drop off his car. On 4 June 2012, a man allegedly named Jonathan Javier Arechega Zarazúa was detained in connection with the assassination of Acosta Chaparro. He was sentenced to 50 years in prison in January 2013. No clear motive was stated, but may be linked to either his involvement in drug trafficking with the Gulf Cartel (which he was convicted of in 2000 and later released in 2007), or his alleged involvement in torture and homicide of political dissidents in the Mexican Dirty War during the 1970s. Acosta had previously survived an attempt on his life in 2010.
14 September 2012 Eduardo Castro Luque, businessman and deputy-elect to the Chamber of Deputies
16 September 2012 Jaime Serrano Cedillo, former member of the Chamber of Deputies Stabbed in the chest with a knife by his wife during an argument that morning. Taken to a nearby hospital by his family where he was later pronounced dead.
12 November 2012 María Santos Gorrostieta Salazar, physician and former mayor of Tiquicheo, Michoacán. Kidnapped by armed gunmen while driving her daughter to school in Morelia, Michoacán on the 12 November. Gorrostieta Salazar pleaded with her abductors to let her daughter go unharmed, and then agreed to go with the kidnappers. On 15 November, police identified the body after farm workers from the rural community of San Juan Tararameo in Cuitzeo found the corpse on their way to work. Post-mortem reports indicated that she died of a traumatic brain injury, the result of severe blows to the head. She had previously survived three attempts on her life, one of which took the life of her husband José Sánchez Chávez in 2009.
17 October 2016 Vicente Bermúdez Zacarías, federal judge Unknown Killed by a gunman approaching behind him in broad daylight while out on a morning jog in Metepec, State of Mexico. Suspect fled the scene with an accomplice nearby. No clear motive has been established in Bermúdez Zacarías' murder, but may be possibly linked to his role as presiding judge in Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán's extradition process, or his complaints against colleagues and court predecessors for judicial irregularities. In October 2019, his ex-wife Marisol Macías Gutiérrez was arrested for allegedly masterminding her ex-husband's murder in a scheme to claim his life insurance plan.
23 March 2017 Miroslava Breach, investigative reporter and journalist for La Jornada and Norte de Juárez Shot eight times by a gunman in Chihuahua City while driving to take her 14-year-old son to school. Due to the investigative nature of her work on collusion between drug trafficking and local political corruption, her murder had been ordered as a hit to silence her. Police investigation into Breach's murder had determined that the criminal organization "Los Salazares", a division of Gente Nueva, an armed wing of the Sinaloa Cartel, had masterminded the killings. On 25 December 2017, Juan Carlos Moreno Ochoa was captured in Bacobampo, Sinaloa, and in August 2020 sentenced to 50 years in prison for being the intellectual author of Breach's murder.
15 May 2017 Javier Valdez Cárdenas, journalist and founder of Ríodoce Shot 12 times and killed by unidentified gunmen around noon, blocks away from the Ríodoce offices in Culiacán, Sinaloa.
5 February 2018 Pamela Montenegro, activist and YouTuber Unknown group of armed men Shot in her restaurant while working a night shift by a group of unknown armed men likely related to the cartel, due to her activism against the cartel's influence in Mexico.
8 June 2018 Fernando Purón Johnston, former mayor of Piedras Negras, Coahuila Shot while leaving a debate hall while running for Mexico's general election.[27]
20 February 2019 Samir Flores Soberanes, activist, community leader, and community radio host Murdered outside his home in Amilcingo, Temoac, Morelos by three unidentified individuals the day after he confronted government officials about federal infrastructure projects in his home state.
13 January 2020 Homero Gómez González, environmental activist, agricultural engineer, and manager of the El Rosario Butterfly Reserve Last seen alive on 13 January attending a meeting in the village of El Soldado, Michoacán. His family reported him missing the next day, and received phone calls from individuals claiming to have kidnapped him demanding ransom payments, which they paid. More than two weeks after his disappearance, on 30 January, his body was found in an agricultural reservoir in Ocampo, with an autopsy later revealing a head injury before drowning. Because of his work combating illegal logging, and because Raúl Hernández Romero—another activist connected to the butterfly sanctuary—was also found dead a few days later, it has been speculated that he was targeted by organized criminals.
10 March 2020 Erik Juárez Blanquet, Mexican state deputy serving in Congress Unnamed gunmen Shot by two assailants while in the passengers seat of his car.
18 December 2020 Aristóteles Sandoval, former governor of Jalisco Saúl Alejandro Rincón Godoy (El Chopa), was later gunned down by Mexican military forces nearby. Gunned down while having dinner at a local restaurant in Puerto Vallarta.
13 May 2021 Abel Murrieta Gutiérrez, lawyer, former congressman, and former attorney general of Sonora Unknown, attributed to Caborca Cartel Shot and killed while standing on a street corner in Ciudad Obregón distributing flyers for his campaign for the municipal presidency. A female campaign worker was also injured. The attack was attributed to the Caborca Cartel, the same group that had carried out the massacre on Murrieta's clients, the LeBarón family, in 2019.[28][29]
29 June 2023 Hipólito Mora, farmer, politician, and vigilante self-defense group leader Unknown gunman Ambushed and shot at by unidentified gunmen in La Ruana, Buenavista, Michoacán along with three of his bodyguards.
13 November 2023 Ociel Baena, activist for non-binary and LGBT+ rights, electoral magistrate at the State Electoral Court of Aguascalientes, and first non-binary magistrate in Latin America Unknown Found dead, along with Baena's partner, Dorian Daniel Nieves Herrera, in their home by Baena's housekeeper with razor-blade wounds. The state prosecution service said it suspected Herrera killed Baena before taking his own life; their families, however, rejected that hypothesis. They pointed out that Baena had denounced death threats a few months earlier, when their friend and LGBT+ activist Ulises Salvador Nava was also murdered in the same city, and historically Mexican police had tended to haphazardly dismiss homophobic crimes as "crimes of passion".
21 December 2023 Ricardo Taja Ramírez, aspiring Federal Deputy Unknown gunman Shot and killed at a Pozolería in Acapulco.
9 January 2024 Aronia Wilson Tambo, indigenous leader and activist Jorge Santiago Shot and killed at her home.
1 April 2024 Gisela Gaytán, lawyer and aspiring mayor of Celaya. Unknown gunman Shot and killed at her first campaign rally in the town.
22 July 2024 Milton Morales Figueroa, General Coordinator for the Tactical Strategy and Special Operations Unit of Mexico City police. "Cartel hitmen"[30] Shot twice in the head by hitmen who pulled up in an SUV outside of a chicken shop in Coacalco de Berriozábal, State of Mexico while out with his family. Pending Investigation.
25 July 2024 Héctor Melesio Cuén Ojeda, academic, businessman, former rector of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, former mayor of Culiacán, and deputy-elect Shot in his vehicle and subsequently died of his wounds at a private hospital in Culiacán. However, it has been alleged his killing is tied to the kidnapping and arrest of Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada that same day, whom alleged in a letter that he had arranged a meeting with Cuén and Sinaloa governor Rubén Rocha Moya in order to settle a power dispute before being kidnapped by Joaquín Guzmán López and flown to the United States, where they were subsequently arrested. He also alleged that Cuén was instead shot at the meeting place where the said meeting was due to occur. The investigation by the Attorney General's Office of Sinaloa has been marred by irregularities and accusations of a cover-up. Pending investigation.
9 December 2024 Benito Aguas Atlahua, member of the Chamber of Deputies, and former mayor of Zongolica, Veracruz Shot at by an individual on a motorcycle while eating lunch with his siblings in the town of Tepenacaxtla, municipality of Zongolica. A second person, a friend of the politician, was killed in the attack.[31][32]
1 November 2025 Carlos Manzo, municipal President of Uruapan, Michoacán Víctor Manuel Ubaldo Vidales Shot seven times during a Day of the Dead festival by 17-year-old Ubalde approaching him in a white hoodie. Ubadle was subsequently killed by Manzo's security detail, and two accomplices were arrested.[33]
Nicaragua
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
21 February 1934 Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan revolutionary National Guard members led by Anastasio Somoza García
21 September 1956 Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua[16] Rigoberto López Pérez
10 January 1978 Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, newspaper editor and anti-Somoza opposition leader
20 June 1979 Bill Stewart, American journalist with ABC News Taken from the van he was travelling and murdered by National Guard troops along with his interpreter Juan Francisco Espinoza while covering the fall of Managua.
16 February 1991 Enrique Bermúdez, founder and former commander of the Contras
Panama
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
2 January 1955 José Antonio Remón Cantera, President of Panama Killed at racetrack by machine gun[24]
31 July 1981 Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera, Maximum Leader of the Revolution and de facto leader of Panama Alleged to be the United States by Manuel Noriega and his attorney Likely killed in an aircraft accident by a radio detonated bomb –– but not confirmed. Much speculation has existed surrounding this incident, and few confirmed sources.
13 September 1985 Hugo Spadafora, guerrilla fighter and political activist Manuel Noriega (suspected)
Paraguay
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
12 April 1877 Juan Bautista Gill, President of Paraguay Killed in a plot instigated by Juan Silvano Godoi[citation needed]
29 October 1877 Facundo Machaín, former President of Paraguay Murdered by prison guards on orders from future presidents Cándido Bareiro and Bernardino Caballero, likely in retaliation to publicly defend those at trial who killed President Gill
31 December 1878 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola, former president of Paraguay
17 September 1980 Anastasio Somoza Debayle, exiled former president of Nicaragua 7 Sandinistas
23 March 1999 Luis María Argaña, vice president of Paraguay Ambushed[16]
Peru
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
26 June 1541 Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistador Killed in a power struggle between fellow conquistadores
23 November 1871 Mariano Melgarejo, exiled former President of Bolivia
26 July 1872 Jose Balta, President of Peru Ordered shot by Tomás Gutiérrez in retaliation for his brother's death
26 July 1872 Tomás Gutiérrez, interim President of Peru Killed by a mob
2 February 1873 Mariano Herencia Zevallos, former interim President of Peru
16 November 1878 Manuel Pardo, former president of Peru and president of the Peruvian Senate
30 April 1933 Luis M. Sánchez Cerro, president of Peru Abelardo de Mendoza Shot by a member of the suppressed American Popular Revolutionary Alliance. See Assassination of Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro.
15 February 1992 María Elena Moyano, a community organizer in Villa El Salvador
29 September 2023 Quinto Inuma Alvarado, tribal leader and conservationist Genix Saboya Saboya, Belustiano Saboya Pisco, and one other, hired by Segundo Villalobos Guevara[34]
Suriname
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
8 December 1982 Bram Behr, journalist Victim of the December murders
8 December 1982 Eddy Hoost, former Minister of Justice and Police Victim of the December murders
8 December 1982 André Kamperveen, athlete and former minister Victim of the December murders
8 December 1982 Gerard Leckie, academic Victim of the December murders
8 December 1982 Surendre Rambocus, military officer Victim of the December murders
Trinidad and Tobago
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1 December 1699 José de León y Echales, Spanish governor of Trinidad Killed during the Arena Massacre
1 August 1990 Leo Des Vignes, MP Killed during the Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt
10 June 1995 Selwyn Richardson, former Attorney-General
4 May 2014 Dana Seetahal, senator
United States
See also: List of assassinated American politicians and List of assassinations by the United States
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
8 May 1815 David Ramsay, Delegate of the United States Continental Congress William Linnen Shot on Broad Street in Charleston, South Carolina with a Horseman's Pistol.
7 November 1837 Elijah Parish Lovejoy, minister, editor, and abolitionist Angry mob Killed by a pro-slavery mob.
22 June 1839 Major Ridge, Cherokee leader Bird Doublehead and James Foreman Killed by a group of people who blamed Ridge, who signed the Treaty of New Echota, for the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees on the Trail of Tears. His son, John, and his nephew, Elias Boudinot, were also killed.
27 June 1844 Joseph Smith, founder of The Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints and 1844 presidential candidate Armed mob Armed mob killed him and his brother, Hyrum, at the Carthage, Illinois, jail.
14 April 1865 Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States John Wilkes Booth Was shot while watching the play Our American Cousin in the presidential box at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. Lincoln died the next morning on 15 April across the street in a boarding house. Booth and accomplice David Herold hid in a barn in Virginia. Herold surrendered. When Booth refused to go out, the troops set the barn on fire. Booth remained inside the barn but was fatally shot in the neck by Union soldier Boston Corbett.
23 April 1865 Silas Soule, US provost marshal and whistleblower of the Sand Creek Massacre Charles Squier Was shot by a soldier in Denver City, Colorado Territory, who had been under the command of John Chivington, about whom Soule had testified two months beforehand in a federal investigation of Chivington's actions at Sand Creek. Soule had been the target of at least two prior assassination attempts, and told a friend that he expected to be killed due to his testimony.
31 March 1868 George Washington Ashburn, US senate candidate and judge Five members of the Ku Klux Klan Assassinated in Columbus, Georgia for his pro-African-American actions. First murder victim of the Klan in state.
22 October 1868 James M. Hinds, U.S. Representative from Arkansas George Clark Killed by a Ku Klux Klan member as part of intimidation of Republicans.
2 July 1881 James A. Garfield, President of the United States Charles J. Guiteau Shot by Guiteau while waiting for a train at a Washington train station. Garfield did not die until September 19, 1881.
18 March 1882 Morgan Earp, Sheriff Pete Spence (accused) Shot while playing billiards at the Campbell & Hatch Billiard Parlor in Tombstone, Arizona by Cowboys in retaliation for the Earp Brothers' killings of previous Outlaws.
29 January 1889 John M. Clayton, U.S. Representative from Arkansas Unknown Shot through his window at his home in Plumerville, Arkansas.
15 October 1890 David Hennessy, Police Chief of New Orleans Mafiosi
28 October 1893 Carter Harrison III, Mayor of Chicago Patrick Eugene Prendergast Killed after assailant was rejected for appointment to a patronage position. Assailant was convicted and executed.
3 February 1900 William Goebel, Governor of Kentucky Unknown political opponents Uncertain, but killed in the context of a disputed, fraudulent election.
6 September 1901 William McKinley, President of the United States Leon Czolgosz Czolgosz shot McKinley while he was shaking hands at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Died on September 14.
24 April 1905 John M. Pinckney, U.S. Representative from Texas Unknown Shot and Killed during a confrontation at a prohibition meeting meeting in Hempstead, Texas after being targeed due to his stance on alcohol laws.
30 December 1905 Frank Steunenberg, former Governor of Idaho Harry Orchard Killed by a mining company informant in an attempt to cast blame on a labor union.
29 February 1908 Pat Garrett, Old West lawman, customs agent Jesse Wayne Brazel (suspected) Shot while traveling from Las Cruces, New Mexico.
1 August 1921 Sid Hatfield, Police Chief of Matewan, West Virginia Baldwin-Felts agents Shot and killed on the McDowell County Courthouse steps for his pro-labor actions and involvement in the Battle of Matewan.
6 March 1933 Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago Giuseppe Zangara Shot struck Cermak instead of intended target President Franklin Roosevelt.
8 September 1935 Huey Long, U.S. Senator from Louisiana and a potential 1936 U.S. presidential candidate Carl Weiss Shot with a handgun in the abdomen after attending a meeting at the State Capital building to help pass "House Bill Number One" by the son-in-law of Long's long-time opponent, Judge Benjamin Henry Pavy, and died two days later. Weiss was shot and killed by Long's bodyguards.
11 January 1943 Carlo Tresca, anarchist organizer Carmine Galante (suspected) A theory at the time was that the suspected assassin was a member of the Mafia, acting on orders from Sicily, while other theories suggested that he was murdered by Italian fascists. Others have theorized that Tresca was eliminated by the NKVD as retribution for criticism of the Stalin regime of the Soviet Union.[35] Vito Genovese, boss of the Genovese crime family, is said to have allegedly ordered the murder of Tresca, with the shooter allegedly being Carmine Galante of the Bonanno crime family.[36]
25 December 1951 Harry T. Moore, NAACP Brevard County chapter founder and president of NAACP's Florida chapter Ku Klux Klan (suspected) Killed alongside his wife, civil rights activist Harriette Moore, when a bomb exploded under their home in Mims, Florida. Harry died the day of the bombing and Harriette 9 days later.
The assassins were never caught but several KKK members are suspected.
10 December 1958 Krishna Venta, cult leader Peter Duma Kamenoff and Ralph Muller Killed in a suicide bombing alongside seven others in Chatsworth, California by two former cultists who accused Venta of mishandling cult funds and being intimate with their wives.
9 February 1960 Adolph Coors III, heir to the Coors Brewing Company Joseph Corbett, Jr. Murdered in failed kidnap-for-ransom attempt.
23 April 1963 William Lewis Moore, civil rights activist and Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) member Unknown Murdered in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march from Chattanooga, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi.
12 June 1963 Medgar Evers, African-American U.S. civil rights activist and leader of the NAACP in Mississippi.[16] Byron De La Beckwith Shot by a Ku Klux Klan member, who was convicted in 1994.
22 November 1963 John F. Kennedy, President of the United States Lee Harvey Oswald Shot while traveling in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas.
24 November 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin of John F. Kennedy Jack Ruby Shot on live television in the basement of the Dallas police department.
21 June 1964 James Chaney, Andrew Goodman & Michael Schwerner, civil rights activists Ku Klux Klan Abducted and executed by members of the Ku Klux Klan for their work on the Freedom Summer campaign in an attempt to get African Americans to register to vote in Neshoba County, Mississippi.
21 February 1965 Malcolm X, black Muslim leader Talmadge Hayer, a member of the Nation of Islam Killed in a Manhattan banquet room as he began a speech.
10 January 1966 Vernon Dahmer, President of the Forrest County chapter of NAACP The White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan led by Samuel Bowers His home in Hattiesburg, Mississippi was fire bombed on the night of January 10, 1966 by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan leaving Dahmer severely burnt before ultimately dying from smoke inhalation and severe burns to his lungs.
27 February 1967 Wharlest Jackson, Natchez, Mississippi NAACP treasurer Unknown (Silver Dollar Group suspected) Assassinated via car bomb
25 August 1967 George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party John Patler, a former aide Shot in the chest as he was leaving a laundromat.
4 April 1968 Martin Luther King Jr., U.S. civil rights activist[16] James Earl Ray[37] Ray pleaded guilty but later recanted, while a 1999 civil trial convicted restaurant owner Loyd Jowers and 'unknown others', while also noting that 'governmental agencies were parties' to the plot.[38]
5 June 1968 Robert F. Kennedy, U.S. Senator from New York and a leading 1968 Democratic presidential candidate Sirhan Sirhan Shot after giving a speech after winning the California primary. Died 26 hours later on 6 June. Sirhan was convicted on 17 April 1969, and less than a week later was sentenced to death.[39] The sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 after the California Supreme Court, in its decision in California v. Anderson, invalidated all pending death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972.
13 June 1969 Clarence 13X, religious leader, founder of the Five-Percent Nation Unknown Was killed in an ambush while in the lobby of his apartment building in New York City.
4 December 1969 Fred Hampton, deputy chairman of the Black Panther Party Chicago Police Department, with involvement by the Federal Bureau of Investigation Killed by the Chicago Police Department in a raid. The status of this as an assassination is somewhat disputed; however many sources see this as an assassination or at least a politically motivated extrajudicial execution, with support from the FBI's COINTELPRO program.[40][41][42][43][44][45]
27 January 1973 Mehmet Baydar, Turkish Consul General Gourgen Yamikian Killed as revenge for the Armenian Genocide.
Bahadır Demir, Turkish Consul
1 July 1973 Yosef Alon, Israeli Air Force officer and military attache Unknown Shot to death outside his home. The case was never solved.
6 November 1973 Marcus Foster, School District Superintendent in Oakland, CA The Symbionese Liberation Army Shot and Killed by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army with cyanide packed bullets.
30 June 1974 Alberta Williams King, mother of Martin Luther King Jr., and Edward Boykin, church deacon Marcus Chenault Killed while her husband was preaching at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia.
13 November 1974 Karen Silkwood, nuclear whistleblower and union activist Unknown Run off the road while on her way to provide documents to The New York Times about negligent safety and security at a nuclear-waste reprocessing facility in Cimarron, Oklahoma.
15 August 1975 Joseph Tommasi, leader of the National Socialist Liberation Front Jerry Jones, National Socialist White People's Party member Shot by Jones in the head during an altercation outside of NSWPP headquarters in El Monte, California. Tommasi had previously been expelled in 1973 by the NSWPP for his views advocating accelerationism and lone-wolf terrorist actions against the U.S. government.
21 September 1976 Orlando Letelier, Chilean ambassador to the United States during the administration of President Salvador Allende Michael Townley Killed along with his American assistant, Ronni Moffitt, by a car bomb placed by Chilean DINA agents.
27 November 1978 Harvey Milk, San Francisco Supervisor, first openly gay elected official in the US, and gay rights activist Dan White, former San Francisco Supervisor who opposed Milk's advocacy
George Moscone, mayor of San Francisco
29 May 1979 John H. Wood Jr., District Judge Charles Harrelson Shot dead in the parking lot of his townhouse in San Antonio, Texas by Harrelson who was hired by drug dealer Jamiel Chagra.
22 July 1980 Ali Akbar Tabatabaei, former Iranian press attache and exile Dawud Salahuddin Shot and killed at the front door of his Bethesda, Maryland home by a man disgused as a postman. Salahuddin stated he was paid $5,000 by the Iranians to kill Tabatabaei.
8 December 1980 John Lennon, British musician, member of The Beatles Mark David Chapman Shot and killed by a former fan of the Beatles, who grew to resent Lennon due to statements and actions that he perceived as anti-Christian (most prominently Lennon's joke that the Beatles were "more popular than Jesus") and hypocritical. See Murder of John Lennon.
28 January 1982 Kemal Arıkan, Turkish Consul General Harry Sassounian and Krikor Saliba Killed due to Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide.
4 May 1982 Orhan Gündüz, Honorary Turkish Consul General Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide Killed in retaliation for the Armenian Genocide.
18 June 1984 Alan Berg, radio talk-show host Jean Craig, David Lane, Bruce Pierce, and Richard Scutari Killed by members of the white nationalist group The Order.
15 October 1984 Henry Liu, Taiwanese-American writer Wu Tun and Tung Kuei-sen Allegedly killed by Kuomintang agents.
15 August 1985 Tscherim Soobzokov, Circassian spy, politician, SS Obersturmführer, and Nazi fugitive Robert Manning (suspected) Received multiple death threats from those claiming to represent the Jewish Defence League, although they denied involvement
11 October 1985 Alex Odeh, Arab anti-discrimination group leader Irv Rubin, Robert Manning, Andy Green, Keith Fuchs (suspected) Killed when a bomb exploded in his Santa Ana, California office.
29 April 1986 Alejandro González Malavé, undercover policeman "Volunteer Organization for the Revolution" agents (claimed responsibility) Killed in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
18 July 1989 Rebecca Schaeffer, actress Robert John Bardo Shot and killed by an obsessed fan who had been stalking her.
22 August 1989 Huey Newton, founder of the Black Panther Party Tyrone Robinson Killed by member of the Black Guerrilla Army (BGA).
16 December 1989 Robert Vance, Federal Appeals Judge Walter Leroy Moody Moody was convicted in 1991 of sending Judge Vance a mail-bomb as a personal vendetta; however, attorney Daniel Sheehan has claimed Judge Vance was assassinated to influence the outcome of the Iran-Contra litigation Avrignan v. Hull.
18 December 1989 Robert E. Robinson, lawyer, civil rights activist, and city councilmember Walter Leroy Moody Targeted via mail bomb for his work with the NAACP.
5 November 1990 Meir David Kahane, Member of the Israeli Knesset, founder of the JDL and the Kach Party, Zionist El Sayyid Nosair Killed by an Arab gunman in a Manhattan hotel who was found guilty of conspiracy charges linking him to Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman, "the blind sheik", Al-Qaeda's point man in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Kahane's assassination was Al Qaeda's first act of terror on US soil.
21 February 1991 Bob Sheldon, Founder of Internationalist Books Unknown Local leftist activist and organizer who founded a local infoshop and community center, Internationalist Books. Shot as he closed the store on 21 February 1991, his murder remains unsolved.
21 May 1991 Ioan P. Culianu, Romanian historian of religion, culture, and ideas Unknown Killed at the University of Chicago where he taught at the University of Chicago Divinity School Swift Hall, allegedly due to opposition to his writings.
10 March 1993 David Gunn, abortion provider Michael F. Griffin Shot outside his clinic.
29 July 1994 John Britton, physician, abortion provider Paul Jennings Hill Shot at his clinic.
10 December 1994 Thomas J. Mosser, Advertising executive at Burson-Marsteller Ted Kaczynski Killed by bomb sent to his home, Kaczynski wrote he had sent the bomb because of Mosser's work repairing the public image of Exxon after the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
31 March 1995 Selena Quintanilla-Pérez, singer and songwriter Yolanda Saldívar Shot in Corpus Christi, Texas by fan club manager, who was later convicted for the murder
13 September 1996 Tupac Shakur, rapper Orlando Anderson (suspected) Shot in Las Vegas after leaving a boxing match.
9 March 1997 Christopher "Notorious B.I.G." Wallace, rapper Wardell Fouse (suspected) Shot four times during a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles, California.
19 October 1998 Tommy Burks, member of the Tennessee Senate Byron (Low Tax) Looper Shot and killed on his property in Cookeville, Tennessee by his Republican Party opponent a month before the election.
23 October 1998 Barnett Slepian, physician, abortion provider James Charles Kopp Shot in his kitchen.
15 December 2000 Derwin Brown, sheriff-elect of Dekalb County, Georgia Melvin Walker & David Ramsey Shot twelve times outside his home. Assassination was ordered by Sidney Dorsey, whom Brown had defeated in the recent sheriff election.
11 October 2001 Thomas Crane Wales, American federal prosecutor and gun control advocate Unknown Wales was sitting at a computer in his office in the basement of his home. A gunman avoided the security lights in Wales' backyard and shot him once in the neck and once in the chest through a window. Wales died at a hospital the next day. In 2018, FBI investigators announced they strongly suspected the killing to have been carried out by a paid hitman.
23 July 2003 James E. Davis, member of the New York City Council Othniel Askew Shot in the torso while introducing Askew on the balcony of the New York City Hall.
8 December 2004 Dimebag Darrell, musician Nathan Gale Shot while performing onstage at the Alrosa Villa Nightclub in Columbus, Ohio.
2 August 2007 Chauncey Bailey, Oakland Tribune journalist Devaughndre Broussard Shot on the street in Oakland.
7 February 2008 Mike Swoboda, Mayor of Kirkwood, Missouri Charles "Cookie" Thornton See Kirkwood City Council shooting
31 May 2009 George Tiller, physician Scott Roeder Shot by anti-abortion extremist as he ushered at his church.
8 January 2011 John Roll, Chief Judge Jared Lee Loughner Shot by Loughner along with his main target Gabrielle Giffords in a supermarket parking lot in Casas Adobes, Arizona during the Congress on Your Corner meeting.
17 June 2015 Clementa C. Pinckney, South Carolina Senator Dylann Roof Shot and killed by Roof during the Charleston Church Shooting in South Carolina.
10 June 2016 Christina Grimmie, singer Kevin Loibl Shot while signing autographs in Orlando, Florida.
30 October 2018 Whitey Bulger, crime boss of the Winter Hill Gang Fotios Geas, Paul J. DeCologero & Sean McKinnon (accused) Found beaten to death with a padlock-sock and a shiv in his wheelchair after being transferred to the United States Penitentiary, Hazelton, West Virginia.
13 March 2019 Frank Cali, mobster and acting boss of the Gambino crime family Anthony Comello Killed outside his home by Comello who had become obsessed with QAnon conspiracy theories, and believed Cali was a member of a "deep state".
4 December 2024 Brian Thompson, businessman and CEO of UnitedHealthcare Luigi Mangione (suspected) Shot three times outside the New York Hilton Midtown hotel in Manhattan, New York.
3 April 2025 Arul Carasala, religious leader Gary Hermesch (suspected) Shot multiple times outside his home in Seneca, Kansas.[46]
14 June 2025 Melissa Hortman, former Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives Vance Boelter (suspected)[47] Hortman, her husband, and their golden retriever were shot and killed at their home by a gunman impersonating a police officer
10 September 2025 Charlie Kirk, political activist, Co-founder of Turning Point USA Tyler Robinson (suspected)[48] Shot and killed while on stage at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah during a TPUSA event.
Uruguay
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
19 February 1868 Bernardo P. Berro, former President of Uruguay
19 February 1868 Venancio Flores, former president of Uruguay
25 August 1897 Juan Idiarte Borda, President of Uruguay Avelino Arredondo Shot by a supporter of José Batlle y Ordóñez
23 February 1965 Herberts Cukurs, Latvian aviator and fugitive war criminal Mossad Killed for his role in the Holocaust in Latvia
10 August 1970 Dan Mitrione, U.S. Office of Public Safety advisor Tupamaros
15 November 1992 Eugenio Berríos, Chilean chemist who worked for the DINA during the Pinochet dictatorship Chilean Government Killed in Uruguay by Chilean secret services for "knowing too much".
Venezuela
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
4 June 1830 Antonio José de Sucre, independence leader
13 November 1950 Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela[24] Rafael Simón Urbina
13 November 1950 Rafael Simón Urbina, opponent of President Juan Vicente Gómez and assassin of President Carlos Delgado Chalbaud
21 October 1952 Leonardo Ruiz Pineda, member and one of the founders of Acción Democrática Dirección de Seguridad Nacional Assassinated by dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez's political police[49]
18 November 2004 Danilo Anderson, state prosecutor
17 May 2011 Wilfred Iván Ojeda, journalist
2 April 2012 Jesús Aguilarte, governor of Apure
1 October 2014 Robert Serra, member of the National Assembly
6 May 2016 Germán Mavare, A New Era politician
15 January 2018 Óscar Alberto Pérez, Venezuelan rebel leader and Investigator for the Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas. Venezuelan National Guard
8 October 2018 Fernando Albán, Justice First councilman Bolivarian Intelligence Service In May 2021, Nicolás Maduro's Attorney General, Tarek William Saab, admitted that Albán did not commit suicide, as initially reported by government officials, but was killed.[50]
6 March 2019 Alí Domínguez, journalist
16 October 2019 Edmundo Rada, Popular Will councilman Special Action Forces officers suspected of the killing.[51][52]
Asia
Main article: List of assassinations in Asia
Europe
Main article: List of assassinations in Europe
Oceania
Australia
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
12 February 1894 William Paisley, Mayor of Burwood, New South Wales William Redfearn Murder-suicide by Redfearn
23 June 1975 Shirley Finn, brothel keeper, nightclub operator and socialite Possibly killed in retaliation for being a whistle blower.
4 July 1975 Juanita Nielsen, newspaper publisher, journalist and urban heritage activist Disappeared. Ruled a murder at a 1983 coronial inquest.
15 July 1977 Donald Mackay, anti-drugs campaigner Mackay's body was never found.
17 December 1980 Şarık Arıyak, Turkish Consul General Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
10 January 1989 Colin Winchester, Assistant Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police
2 March 1994 Geoffrey Bowen, Senior National Crime Authority investigator Domenic Perre Killed by a parcel bomb. Perre was charged with the murder in March 2018.
5 September 1994 John Newman, New South Wales State Member for Cabramatta Phuong Ngo, local club owner and political opponent
New Caledonia
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
4 May 1989 Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak independence leader Djubelly Wéa
New Zealand
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
5 February 1962 James Patrick Ward, barrister Unknown Killed by a parcel bomb. Assailant was never identified.
Samoa
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
16 July 1999 Luagalau Levaula Kamu, Minister of Public Works Eletise Leafa Vitale, son of the victim's disgraced predecessor Leafa Vitale
Palau
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
30 June 1985 Haruo Remeliik, President of Palau Unknown
Solomon Islands
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
20 August 2002 Augustine Geve, Minister for Youth, Women and Sports Ronnie Cawa, Francis Lela, Harold Keke
West Papua
Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
26 April 1984 Arnold Ap, songman and ethnomusicologist Indonesian military Shot in back by an Indonesian military unit upon release from prison[53]
14 March 1996 Thomas Wainggai, Independence leader Allegedly poisoned by Indonesian intelligence officers in Cipinang prison.[53]
10 November 2001 Theys Eluay, West Papuan Independence movement leader Assassinated by Kopassus officers after attending a military dinner in Jayapura[53]
16 December 2009 Kelly Kwalik, West Papuan guerrilla leader Detachment 88 death squad Assassinated by Detachment 88 officers in Timika[53]
14 June 2012 Mako Tabuni, Chairman of the West Papua National Committee (KNPB) Assassinated by Detachment 88 officers in Jayapura[54]
See also
List of assassinated anticolonialist leaders
List of assassinations by car bombing
List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
List of assassinated serving ambassadors
List of Israeli assassinations
List of Iranian assassinations
List of people who survived assassination attempts
List of terrorist incidents
List of fictional assassins
List of assassinations by the Assassins
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Some conspiracy theories dispute this
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Category: Lists of assassinations