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Antique Emperor Tianqi Tongbao China Copper Coin  

Size: 26 mm

Description of Coin Faces

Obverse (Main Face - With 4 characters)

Character reading is done in vertical order and then horizontal (Top $\rightarrow$ Down $\rightarrow$ Right $\rightarrow$ Left):

• 天 (Tiān): Means "Sky".

• 啓 (Qǐ / Qi): Means "Open", "Start" o "Reveal".

  • Context: Together, 天啓 (Tiān Qǐ), form the name of the era of Emperor Xi Zong (1620–1627).

• 通 (Tōng): Means "Circulation" o "Free Passing Coin".

• 寶 (Bǎo): Means "Treasure" o "Value".

  • Context: 通寶 (Tōng Bǎo) translates to "Circulating Coin/Treasure".

• Full meaning of obverse: "Circulating Tianqi Era Coin".

Reverse (Back Face)

• Features an engraved character on top over the square hole: 百 (Bǎi).

• Character meaning: "One Hundred" (100).

• Explanation: Indicates the manufacturing mint (minthouse) or a counting administrative denomination/mark issued during that Ming Dynasty period.