Christianity Coin
Pendant
This is a small silver-plated Christian coin which has been placed inside a gold-plated pendant holder
The front side has an heavenly figure. Could this be Jesus Christ or a Pope ?
There are some Latin words around him
The back has a cross with more strange words and symbols
It is 18mm in diameter and it weights just under 4 grams
would make a wonderful conversation piece or gift for family, friends, or your fellow churchgoers
Crafted
with an eye for tradition, this Jesus Christ Pendant Coin is a
charming nod to the past. Offering a vintage appeal that effortlessly blends with
contemporary style. The piece carries the spirit of faith and luck, Making it a thoughtful gift or a personal keepsake for those who cherish
religious tokens. This pendant is a
testament to the global heritage of religious artefacts. It has not
been certified, allowing you to appreciate its raw historical value or
seek certification at your discretion. Regardless of its exact
composition, this pendant serves as a timeless emblem of spirituality
and heritage. legantly
crafted in Italy, this exquisite piece is a testament to faith and artistry. The pendant features a beautiful
cross design, symbolising the sacred essence of Christianity, and is a
perfect accessory for anyone seeking spiritual inspiration or a symbol
of their faith. With its timeless appeal, the pendant carries the weight
of tradition and serves as a daily reminder of one's spiritual journey.
Whether it's an addition to a personal collection or a thoughtful gift,
this piece is a meaningful representation of devotion and the
principles of Christianity.
Makes for a wonderful conversation piece or gift for family, friends, or your fellow churchgoers
A Beautiful and Magnificent Keepsake Souvenir
In Excellent Condition
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Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French
Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana *
Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) *
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Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) *
Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of
Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) *
Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo *
Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia *
Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia *
Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall
Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) *
Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro *
Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru *
Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand *
Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North
Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman *
Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea *
Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal
* Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda *
Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts
and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome
and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra
Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia
* Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia
(GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname *
Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan *
Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga *
Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos
Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin
Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom *
United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City *
Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe
and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo,
Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta,
Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro,
Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago,
London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok,
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Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi
Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang,
Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore,
Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney,
Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey,
Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian,
Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome,
Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon,
Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St.
Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw,
Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut,
Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait,
Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen,
Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra
|
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.29 billion members worldwide.[4] As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation.[5] Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the church's doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, Italy.
The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ,[6][7][note 1] that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the Pope is the successor to Saint Peter to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ.[10] It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith, reserving infallibility, passed down by sacred tradition.[11] The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, and institutes such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the Church.[12][13]
Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass.[14] The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven, honoured in dogmas and devotions.[15] Its teaching includes sanctification through faith and evangelisation of the Gospel and Catholic social teaching, which emphasises support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world.[16]
The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, culture, science, and art. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the Pope, as well as with the Oriental Orthodox churches prior to the Chalcedonian schism in 451 over differences in Christology. Catholics live all over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century the majority reside in the southern hemisphere due to secularisation in Europe, and increased persecution in the Middle East. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases.
Catholic Church
Index Outline
History
(Timeline)
Jesus Holy Family Mary Joseph Apostles Early Christianity History of the papacy Ecumenical councils Missions Great Schism of East Crusades Great Schism of West Protestant Reformation Council of Trent Counter-Reformation Catholic Church by country Vatican City index outline Second Vatican Council
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg
Hierarchy
(Precedence)
Pope (List)
Pope Francis (2013–present) conclave inauguration theology canonizations visits Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
Roman Curia College of Cardinals Cardinal Patriarchate Episcopal conference Patriarch Major archbishop Primate Metropolitan Archbishop Diocesan bishop Coadjutor bishop Auxiliary bishop Titular bishop Bishop emeritus Abbot Abbess Superior general Provincial superior Grand Master Prior (-ess) Priest Brother Friar Sister Monk Nun Hermit Master of novices Novice Oblate Postulant Laity
Theology
Body and soul Bible Catechism Divine grace Dogma Ecclesiology Four Marks of the Church Original sin List Salvation Sermon on the Mount Ten Commandments Trinity Worship
Mariology
Assumption History Immaculate Conception Mariology of the popes Mariology of the saints Mother of God Perpetual virginity Veneration
Philosophy
Natural law Moral theology Personalism Social teaching Philosophers
Sacraments
Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Penance Anointing of the Sick Last rites Holy orders Matrimony
Saints
Mary Apostles Archangels Confessors Disciples Doctors of the Church Evangelists Church Fathers Martyrs Patriarchs Prophets Virgins
Doctors
of the
Church
Gregory the Great Ambrose Augustine of Hippo Jerome John Chrysostom Basil of Caesarea Gregory of Nazianzus Athanasius of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Jerusalem John of Damascus Bede the Venerable Ephrem the Syrian Thomas Aquinas Bonaventure Anselm of Canterbury Isidore of Seville Peter Chrysologus Leo the Great Peter Damian Bernard of Clairvaux Hilary of Poitiers Alphonsus Liguori Francis de Sales Peter Canisius John of the Cross Robert Bellarmine Albertus Magnus Anthony of Padua Lawrence of Brindisi Teresa of Ávila Catherine of Siena Thérèse of Lisieux John of Ávila Hildegard of Bingen Gregory of Narek
Institutes,
orders,
and societies
Assumptionists Annonciades Augustinians Basilians Benedictines Bethlehemites Blue nuns Camaldoleses Camillians Carmelites Carthusians Cistercians Clarisses Conceptionists Crosiers Dominicans Franciscans Good Shepherd Sisters Hieronymites Jesuits Mercedarians Minims Olivetans Oratorians Piarists Premonstratensians Redemptorists Servites Theatines Trappists Trinitarians Visitandines
Associations
of the faithful
International Federation of Catholic Parochial Youth Movements International Federation of Catholic Universities International Kolping Society Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement International Union of Catholic Esperantists Community of Sant'Egidio
Charities
Aid to the Church in Need Caritas Internationalis Catholic Home Missions Catholic Relief Services CIDSE
Particular
churches
(By country)
Latin Church Eastern Catholic Churches: Albanian Armenian Belarusian Bulgarian Chaldean Coptic Croatian and Serbian Eritrean Ethiopian Georgian Greek Hungarian Italo-Albanian Macedonian Maronite Melkite Romanian Russian Ruthenian Slovak Syriac Syro-Malabar Syro-Malankara Ukrainian
Liturgical rites
Alexandrian Antiochian Armenian Byzantine East Syrian Latin Anglican Use Ambrosian Mozarabic Roman West Syrian
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History of the Catholic Church
General
History of the Catholic Church By country or region History of the Papacy Timeline of the Catholic Church Catholic Ecumenical Councils History of the Roman Curia Catholic Church art Religious institutes Christian monasticism Papal States Role of Christianity in civilization
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg
Church beginnings,
Great Church
Jesus John the Baptist Apostles Peter John Paul Saint Stephen Great Commission Council of Jerusalem Apostolic Age Apostolic Fathers Ignatius of Antioch Irenaeus Pope Victor I Tertullian
Constantine to
Pope Gregory I
Constantine the Great and Christianity Arianism Archbasilica of St. John Lateran First Council of Nicaea Pope Sylvester I First Council of Constantinople Biblical canon Jerome Vulgate Council of Ephesus Council of Chalcedon Benedict of Nursia Second Council of Constantinople Pope Gregory I Gregorian chant
Early Middle Ages
Third Council of Constantinople Saint Boniface Byzantine Iconoclasm Second Council of Nicaea Charlemagne Pope Leo III Fourth Council of Constantinople East–West Schism
High Middle Ages
Pope Urban II Investiture Controversy Crusades First Council of the Lateran Second Council of the Lateran Third Council of the Lateran Pope Innocent III Latin Empire Francis of Assisi Fourth Council of the Lateran Inquisition First Council of Lyon Second Council of Lyon Bernard of Clairvaux Thomas Aquinas
Late Middle Ages
Pope Boniface VIII Avignon Papacy Pope Clement V Council of Vienne Knights Templar Catherine of Siena Pope Alexander VI
Reformation
Counter-Reformation
Reformation Counter-Reformation Thomas More Pope Leo X Society of Jesus Ignatius of Loyola Francis Xavier Dissolution of the Monasteries Council of Trent Pope Pius V Tridentine Mass Teresa of Ávila John of the Cross Philip Neri Robert Bellarmine
Baroque Period to the
French Revolution
Pope Innocent XI Pope Benedict XIV Suppression of the Society of Jesus Anti-clericalism Pope Pius VI Shimabara Rebellion Edict of Nantes Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
19th century
Pope Pius VII Pope Pius IX Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary Our Lady of La Salette Our Lady of Lourdes First Vatican Council Papal infallibility Pope Leo XIII Mary of the Divine Heart Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart Rerum novarum
20th century
Pope Pius X Our Lady of Fátima Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary Lateran Treaty Pope John XXIII Second Vatican Council Pope Paul VI Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul II World Youth Day 1995 2000
21st century
Catholic Church sexual abuse cases Pope Benedict XVI World Youth Day 2002 2005 2008 2011 2013 2016 Pope Francis
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List of Popes
List of popes graphical canonised Tombs extant non-extant Antipope Pope emeritus Papal resignation Pope-elect
1st–4th centuries
During the Roman Empire (until 493)
including under Constantine (312–337)
Peter Linus Anacletus Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleutherius Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Mark Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I
Coat of arms Holy See.svg
5th–8th centuries
Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537)
Byzantine Papacy (537–752)
Frankish Papacy (756–857)
Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus III Leo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius I John III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Boniface IV Adeodatus I Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene I Vitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory III Zachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III
9th–12th centuries
Papal selection before 1059
Saeculum obscurum (904–964)
Crescentii era (974–1012)
Tusculan Papacy (1012–1044/1048)
Imperial Papacy (1048–1257)
Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Valentine Gregory IV Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIII Benedict VI Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IX Sylvester III Benedict IX Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IX Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II Lucius II Eugene III Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III
13th–16th centuries
Viterbo (1257–1281)
Orvieto (1262–1297)
Perugia (1228–1304)
Avignon Papacy (1309–1378)
Western Schism (1378–1417)
Renaissance Papacy (1417–1534)
Reformation Papacy (1534–1585)
Baroque Papacy (1585–1689)
Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXI Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XI Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII
17th–20th centuries
Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848)
Roman Question (1870–1929)
Vatican City (1929–present)
World War II (1939–1945)
Cold War (1945–1991)
Leo XI Paul V Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul II
21st century
Benedict XVI Francis
History of the papacy
Antiquity and Early
Middle Ages
During the Roman Empire (until 493) Under Constantine (312–337) Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537) Byzantine Papacy (537–752) Frankish Papacy (756–857) Saeculum obscurum (904–964) Crescentii era (974–1012)
High and Late
Middle Ages
Tusculan Papacy (1012–1044 / 1048) Imperial Papacy (1048–1257) Wandering Papacy Viterbo, 1257–1281 Orvieto, 1262–1297 Perugia, 1228–1304 Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) Western Schism (1378–1417)
Early Modern and
Modern Era
Renaissance Papacy (1417–1534) Reformation Papacy (1534–1585) Baroque Papacy (1585–1689) Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848) Roman Question (1870–1929) Vatican City (1929–present) WWII (1939–1945)
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Papacy
of the Catholic Church
Titles
Papal names
Bishop of Rome Vicar of Jesus Christ Successor of the Prince of the Apostles Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church Primate of Italy Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province Sovereign of the Vatican City State Servant of the servants of God Vicarius Filii Dei
Coat of arms Holy See.svg
Symbols
Coats of arms Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City Cross Keys of Heaven Regalia and insignia Rota Umbraculum
Proclamations
Apostolic constitution Bull List Encyclical Apostolic exhortation Ecclesiastical letter
Activities
Conclave Oath Coronation Consistory Inauguration Mass Travel Paul VI John Paul II Benedict XVI Francis
Vestments
Camauro Falda Fanon Ferula Flabellum Mitre Mozzetta Pallium Ring of the Fisherman Shoes Sub-cinctorium Tiara Zucchetto
Major basilicas
Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore St. Peter's Basilica
Locations
Apostolic Palace Holy See Papal Apartments Saint Peter's Square Sistine Chapel Vatican City
Transportation
Popemobile Sedia gestatoria
Staff
Prefecture of the Pontifical Household Office for Liturgical Celebrations
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Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church
Sacraments
Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Penance Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders Matrimony
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg
Mass
Low Mass Missa Cantata Solemn Mass Pontifical High Mass Papal Mass
Canonical
liturgical hours
Matins (nighttime) Lauds (early morning) Prime (first hour of daylight) Terce (third hour) Sext (noon) Nones (ninth hour) Vespers (sunset evening) Compline (end of the day)
Other liturgical services
Asperges Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament Exorcism Funeral Requiem Liturgy of the Hours
Liturgical literature
Antiphonary Book of hours Breviary Gospel Book Gradual Lectionary Martyrology Psalter Roman Missal Roman Ritual Sacramentary
Liturgical
rites
Latin
Ambrosian Rite Rite of Braga Mozarabic Rite Roman Rite Mass of Paul VI Extraordinary form Anglican Use Zaire Use
Eastern
Alexandrian Rite Armenian Rite Antiochene Rite Byzantine Rite East Syrian Rite West Syrian Rite: Malankara Rite
Orders
Benedictine Rite Carmelite Rite Carthusian Rite Cistercian Rite Dominican Rite Norbertine Rite
Defunct rites
and liturgies
African Rite Aquileian Rite Celtic Rite Durham Rite Gallican Rite Use of Hereford Missa Nautica Missa Sicca Missa Venatoria Pre-Tridentine Mass Use of York Sarum Rite
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Vatican City articles
Sovereign territory of the Holy See
History
History of the papacy Papal States Duchy of Rome Donation of Sutri Donation of Pepin "Prisoner in the Vatican" Lateran Palace Circus of Nero Old St. Peter's Basilica Savoyard era First Vatican Council Lateran Treaty Second Vatican Council
Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg
Geography
Apostolic Palace Papal Apartments Raphael Rooms Castel Gandolfo Domus Sanctae Marthae (Pope Francis' residence) Gardens Mater Ecclesiae Monastery (Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI's residence) Paul VI Audience Hall The Resurrection Passetto di Borgo St. Peter's Basilica St. Peter's Square Saint Peter's tomb Sistine Chapel ceiling Vatican Hill Vatican Museums Historical Museum Modern Religious Art Vatican Necropolis St. Peter's Baldachin Cortile del Belvedere Bramante Staircase
Politics
Politics Pope List of sovereigns Elections Foreign relations Pontifical Commission Pontifical Council Government Roman Curia Secretariat of State Vicar General Law Fundamental Law of Vatican City State Crime Military Corpo della Gendarmeria Swiss Guard
Economy
Banking Communications .va [Internet domain] Secretariat for the Economy Tourism Transport rail
Culture
Academy of Sciences AT telescope observatory Anthem Catholic Church Coats of arms Demographics Flag Languages Media Holy See Press Office Secretariat for Communications Annuario Pontificio newspaper radio television information service News.va Music National football team Philatelic and Numismatic Office Public holidays Vatican Cricket Team Vatican Library film secret archives
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Holy See Holy See topics
(Latin: Sancta Sedes)
Jurisdiction
Rome, Italy Vatican City
Coat of arms Holy See.svg
Basilicas
St. John Lateran St. Peter's Santa Maria Maggiore San Paolo fuori le Mura
Government
Papacy Secretariat of State Roman Curia College of Cardinals Congregations Councils Apostolic Camera Properties Vatican City
Officials
Pope Secretary of State Dean Camerlengo
Foreign affairs
Foreign relations Section for Relations with States Diplomatic missions to / of the Holy See Legal status Multilateral policy Nuncio Nunciature Concordats Treaties Lateran Pacts Italy United Nations
Vicariates
Rome Vatican
Suburbicarian sees
Ostia Velletri-Segni Porto-Santa Rufina Frascati Palestrina Albano Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
Suffragan dioceses
Archdiocese of Gaeta Anagni-Alatri Civita Castellana Civitavecchia-Tarquinia Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno Rieti Sora-Aquino-Pontecorvo Tivoli Viterbo Territorial Abbey of Montecassino Territorial Abbey of Subiaco
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Christianity
Jesus
Christ Jesus in Christianity Virgin birth Crucifixion Resurrection Son of God
Principal symbol of Christianity
Foundations
Church Creed Gospel New Covenant
Bible
Books Canon Old Testament New Testament
Theology
God Trinity Father Son Holy Spirit Apologetics Baptism Christology Ecclesiology History of theology Mission Salvation
History and
tradition
Mary Joseph Apostles Peter Paul Fathers Early Constantine Ecumenical councils Augustine East–West Schism Crusades Aquinas Reformation Luther
Denomi-
nations
and
traditions
(list)
Western
Adventist Anabaptist Anglican Baptist Calvinist Catholic Charismatic Evangelical Holiness Lutheran Methodist Pentecostal Protestant
Eastern
Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) Assyrian Church of the East ("Nestorian") Eastern Catholic Churches
Nontrinitarian
Jehovah's Witnesses Latter Day Saint movement Oneness Pentecostalism
Related topics
Art Criticism Culture Ecumenism Liturgy Music Other religions Prayer Sermon Symbolism
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Religion
[hide]
Major religious groups and religious denominations
Abrahamic
Judaism
Orthodox Haredi Hasidic Modern Conservative Reform Karaite Reconstructionist Renewal Humanistic Haymanot
Christianity
Catholicism Eastern Catholic Churches Eastern Christianity Church of the East Assyrian Church of the East Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Ethiopian Orthodoxy Independent Catholicism Old Catholicism Protestantism Adventism Anabaptism Anglicanism Baptists Calvinism Presbyterianism Congregationalism Continental Reformed Lutheranism Methodism Pentecostalism Evangelicalism Nontrinitarianism Jehovah's Witnesses Mormonism Jesuism Nondenominational
Islam
Sunni Hanafi Maliki Hanbali Shafi'i Shia Twelver Isma'ilism Zaidiyyah Ahmadi Ibadi Non-denominational Quranism Zahirism Salafism Wahhabism Ahl al-Hadith Mahdavia European Islam Nation of Islam
Others
Bábism Azáli Bábism Bahá'í Faith Druze Mandaeism Rastafari Samaritanism
Dharmic
Hinduism
Vaishnavism Shaktism Shaivism Ayyavazhi Smartism Balinese
Buddhism
Mahayana Chan Zen Thiền Seon Pure Land Nichiren Madhyamaka Tiantai Theravada Vajrayana Tibetan Shingon Newar Bon Navayana
Others
Dravidian Jainism Digambara Śvētāmbara Sikhism Gurung shamanism Bon Lamaism Kirant Mundhum
Persian
Manichaeism Yazdânism Yazidism Ishikism Ali-Illahism Yarsanism Zoroastrianism
European
Armenian Baltic Dievturība Druwi Romuva Caucasian Celtic Druidry Germanic Hellenism Italo-Roman Romanian Slavic
Uralic
Finnish Hungarian Uralic Mari Mordvin Udmurt
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Here's a look at the life of the late Pope John Paul II. He was canonized as a saint on April 27, 2014.
Personal:
Birth date: May 18, 1920
Death date: April 2, 2005
Birth place: Wadowice, Poland
Birth name: Karol Jozef Wojtyla
Father: Karol Wojtyla, officer in the Polish Army
Mother: Emilia Wojtyla
Education: Doctorate in Philosophy and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology, Jagiellonian University
Other Facts:
Pope John Paul II died in April 2005 at the age of 84. His official cause of death was septic shock and cardio-circulatory collapse. He had suffered from Parkinson's disease, arthritis and other ailments for several years before his death.
Upon his election in 1978, John Paul II was the first non-Italian Pope in 455 years. His official title was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Western Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Province of Rome, Sovereign of the State of Vatican City.
Achievements:
First pope to visit the White House.
First modern pope to visit a synagogue.
First pope to visit Cuba.
The most widely traveled pope in history.
Canonized more saints than any other pope.
Created 232 cardinals.
Re-established diplomatic relations with Great Britain after a 450-year break.
In January 1984, re-established diplomatic relations with the United States which had been broken since 1867.
Established diplomatic relations with Israel and with the PLO.
Timeline:
May 18, 1920 - Karol Jozef Wojtyla is born in Wadowice, Poland, at 7 Koscielna Street. The little boy nicknamed Lolek is the third and last child of Karol, an officer in the Polish Army, and Emilia. His brother Edmund was born in 1906 and a sister, Olga, died in infancy in 1914.
1938 - After Karol Jr. graduates from high school, the Wojtylas move from Wadowice to Krakow. Karol Jr. attends Jagiellonian University until World War II begins in September 1939.
1941 - Wojtyla and his friends start an underground theater, called the Rhapsodic Theater, to present works in Polish in defiance of the Nazis. During the day, Wojtyla works in quarries and chemical factories.
1942 - Wojtyla joins an underground seminary organized by Archbishop Sapieha.
1946 - Wojtyla is ordained by Cardinal Sapieha to become a priest and celebrates his first Mass.
1946-1948 - Wojtyla studies in Rome, where he earns a doctorate in philosophy. After returning to Poland, he also earns a doctorate in Sacred Theology from Jagellonian University in December 1948.
1958 - Wojtyla is consecrated as a bishop.
1962-1965 - Wojtyla participates in Vatican II in Rome. He sides with the reformers who want to modernize the church. He also contributes to a document that states that the Church no longer considers Jews responsible for Christ's death.
March 8, 1964 - Wojtyla is ordained as Archbishop of Krakow.
June 26, 1967 - In a secret consistory, Wojtyla is elevated to cardinal. Two days later, he is formally installed in a Vatican ceremony.
October 16, 1978 - Cardinal Karol Wojtyla is elected to be the 264th pope, the first non-Italian in 455 years. He is also the youngest pope since 1846. He takes the name John Paul II to honor his three immediate predecessors.
October 2, 1979 - Addresses the General Assembly of the United Nations in New York.
May 13, 1981 - Pope John Paul II is shot by Turkish gunman Mehmet Ali Agca in Saint Peter's Square. He is wounded in the abdomen, arm and hand. Two others are wounded as well. Vatican Secretary of State Agostino Cardinal Casaroli takes over as temporary head of the Roman Catholic Church.
December 27, 1983 - The pope meets with Ali Agca at Rebibbia Prison.
January 10, 1984 - The United States re-establishes full diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
December 26, 1994 - Time Magazine names Pope John Paul II its Man of the Year.
October 5, 1995 - He addresses the General Assembly of the United Nations in New York, commemorating the organization's 50th anniversary.
March 16, 1998 - The Vatican releases a formal apology to Jews for the Church's failure to do more to prevent the Holocaust.
March 12, 2000 - Apologizes for the Church's mistreatment of Jews, non-Catholic Christians, women, the poor and minorities over the last 2,000 years.
March 16, 2004 - With 25 years and 5 months as pope, John Paul II becomes the third longest serving pontiff in history, behind St. Peter's 32 years and Pope Pius IX's 31 years 7 months.
June 15, 2004 - Pope John Paul II asks forgiveness for the Inquisition, "for errors committed in the service of truth through use of methods that had nothing to do with the Gospel."
February 1, 2005 - Hospitalized with a respiratory infection.
February 9, 2005 - For the first time in his papacy, John Paul II does not perform the Ash Wednesday Mass at the Vatican.
February 11, 2005 - Is released from the hospital.
February 24, 2005 - Re-hospitalized at Gemelli Hospital after relapsing with the flu. Successfully undergoes a tracheotomy to relieve respiratory problems.
March 13, 2005 - Released from the hospital.
March 30, 2005 - The Vatican announces that the pope is being fed by a nasal tube.
March 31, 2005 - Given last rites after developing a high-fever and a urinary tract infection.
April 1, 2005 - The Vatican says in a written statement that the pope had suffered cardiocirculatory collapse and septic shock. The Vatican denied reports that the pope was in a coma and described his condition as "lucid, fully conscious."
April 2, 2005 - Pope John Paul II dies at 9:37 p.m. in his private apartment in the Vatican.
April 8, 2005 - His funeral takes place in Saint Peter's Square and he is buried in a crypt under Saint Peter's Basilica.
May 2005 - Pope Benedict XVI waives the wait period for review for beatification and canonization, which is at least five years after death.
May 1, 2011 - Is beatified, or declared "blessed," as a saint by his successor Pope Benedict XVI. A vial of Pope John Paul II's blood is displayed before the crowd.
July 5, 2013 - The Vatican announces that Pope John Paul II will be made a saint.
April 27, 2014 - Is canonized a saint, along with Pope John XXIII.
The territory on the right bank of the Tiber between Monte Mario and Gianicolo (Janiculum) was known to antiquity as the Ager Vaticanus, and, owing to its marshy character, the low-lying portion of this district enjoyed an ill repute. The origin of the name Vaticanus is uncertain; some claim that the name comes from a vanished Etruscan town called Vaticum. This district did not belong to ancient Rome, nor was it included within the city walls built by Emperor Aurelian. In the imperial gardens situated in this section was the Circus of Nero. At the foot of the Vatican Hill lay the ancient Basilica of St. Peter. By extensive purchases of land the medieval popes acquired possession of the whole hill, thus preparing the way for building activity. Communication with the city was established by the Pons Ælius, which led directly to the mausoleum of Hadrian. Between 848 and 852 Leo IV surrounded the whole settlement with a wall, which included it within the city boundaries. Until the pontificate of Sixtus V this section of Rome remained a private papal possession and was entrusted to a special administration. Sixtus, however, placed it under the jurisdiction of the urban authorities as the fourteenth region.
In the Law of Guarantees of the Italian State, which came into force on 13 May 1871, it was explicitly declared that all residences of the pope on Italian soil should enjoy immunity and should be extraterritorial. It follows that the Vatican Palace must be immune and extraterritorial in the eyes of the Italian authorities. Consequently, all action of the Italian authorities must stop at the gates of the Vatican; the inhabitants of the palace cannot be taxed, subpoenaed, or summoned to defend themselves. All consignments directed expressly to the administration of the palace are duty-free, and all letters addressed to the pope from Italy require no stamps. The official telegrams of the Vatican authorities are sent gratis to all parts of the world. These and other exceptions from the ordinary laws of Italy are the consequences of the Law of Guarantees, in so far as they are not expressly mentioned therein. The Radicals and the Freemasons have already frequently demanded the abrogation of the Law of Guarantees, urging that it is a purely Italian law, and may therefore be abrogated by the same agents as made it. This statement is false. The Vatican is extraterritorial, not according to Italian, but according to international law, as is clearly shown in the negotiations preceding its adoption. Both the Lower Chamber and the Senate voted on the law with the clear intention of bringing it to pass through international law that the Catholics of the whole world should to a certain extent be set at ease as to the position of their supreme head. The Italian legislative agents freely assumed obligations towards the Powers and all Catholics, as was an absolute necessity of the politics of the day. These obligations can under no circumstances be set aside at the wishes of one party. The plea that the pope did not recognize the law is entirely beside the question; his refusal was foreseen by the legislators, and notwithstanding it, as the premier then declared, Italy as under an obligation to pass the law. It thus follows incontestably that it is not in the power of the Italian legislative agents to alter in any way the present legal position of the Vatican Palace. The pope is, however, personally indifferent as to whether the Italian Government may in the future perpetrate further injustices in addition to those of the past. One who has had to endure so much, will not remain without consolation should another cross be added to those he already bears.
There is, however, no obstacle to the cultivation of certain relations between the Vatican and Italian authorities, such indeed being rendered indispensable by the social intercourse of the present day. For example, since the pope refuses to exercise de facto the right of punishment theoretically vested in him, malefactors (should any crime be committed) are turned over to the Italian authorities for the thorough investigation of their cases. Warnings on various points are sent from the Italian to the Vatican authorities, so that the latter may be on their guard. Communications of a confidential nature may be exchanged, but in such a manner that neither of the parties enters into any obligation nor prejudices its position; when necessary it is effected through recognized channels unofficially. When the pope attends a solemnity in St. Peter's, the basilica is then and then only regarded as belonging to the Vatican; on other occasions it is regarded as a monumento nazionale. By tacit agreement the whole policing during these services lies in the hands of the Vatican authorities. But there are also a great number of Italian detectives in civilian dress, who, assisted by the Vatican authorities, bar objectionable persons from the edifice and quietly remove those who by any means may have obtained entrance. The ambulance stations in St. Peter's, rendered necessary by the assemblage of from thirty to forty thousand persons, are established by the sanitary board of the Vatican.
The above information makes sufficiently clear both the theoretical juristic and the practical position of the relations between the Vatican and the Italian authorities. In the article LAW OF GUARANTEES will be found a more explicit statement of the relations between the Holy See and the Italian Government. Pius IX at the time of the violent occupation in 1870 by the troops of Victor Emmanuel refused to recognize the right of the Italian Government, and his successors, Leo XIII and Pius X, constantly maintained the same attitude. Both pontiffs have, on various occasions, declared themselves as unalterably opposed to the recognition of the claim of the Italian Government to temporal sovereignty in Rome.This is silver plated