Positioning aids, such as sandbags, foam wedges, and rope ties, are used to stabilize patients during x-ray procedures to minimize scatter radiation. X-ray images are produced by varying degrees of x-ray absorption in different tissues, resulting in areas that appear white (radiopaque) or black (radiolucent) on the radiograph. Accessory equipment like lead shields and aprons are essential for protecting patients and staff from unnecessary radiation exposure during medical imaging.