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Ancient Greek Bronze Coin – Zeus Seated with Nike & Eagle (Antioch, Seleucid Syria)

Region: Roman Syria – Antioch (Seleucid-founded city under Roman control)
Type: AE Tetrachalkon (Civic issue)
Minting Date: ca. 31–30 BC (Year 19 of the Caesarian Era)
Material: Bronze
Diameter: 23 mm
Weight: 11.87 g
References: RPC I 4216 (most likely), HGC 9, 1371

⚖️ Coin Description

Obverse:
Laureate head of Zeus facing right, bordered by a dotted circle.

Reverse:
Zeus seated left on a throne, holding Nike (Victory) in his extended left hand and a sceptre in his right. An eagle stands below the throne to the left.
Greek legend around:
ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ
(“[Coin] of the Antiochenes of the Metropolis”).
In exergue: Greek date ΙΘ (19), indicating Year 19 of the Caesarian Era, equivalent to 31/30 BC.

🏛️ Historical Context

Following the Roman annexation of Syria by Pompey in 64 BC, Antioch continued issuing its own bronze civic coinage. These coins often emphasized traditional Greek deities, like Zeus, to maintain Hellenistic identity under Roman oversight. Zeus — as the city's patron and a symbol of authority — is depicted here with Nike (Victory), indicating divine support, and the eagle, his sacred animal, reinforcing themes of divine sovereignty and legitimacy.

🧾 Condition and Patina