



The following text is from "Alien and beyond - The opus magnum of HR Giger" by Andreas J. Hirsch. Pictures are from the book...At that time, HR Giger was already a successful painter whose bleak visions in a style that he termed biomechanics were widely distributed: in the form of popular poster editions that appeared in the late 1960s; in the large-format illustrated book Necronomicon, which he designed himself; and on album covers such as Emerson, Lake & Palmer’s 1973 release Brain Salad Surgery.
But the project he was now working on would make him both a worldwide cult figure and an Oscar winner. Director Ridley Scott had hired Giger to create the monster in the movie Alien. So the artist went to the Shepperton Film Studios near London to realize his designs for the world of the alien with his own hand.
One painting had immediately convinced Scott to get Giger involved in shaping the alien creature: Necronom IV (1976). It shows in profile the upper body of a being with only remotely humanoid traits. Its skull is extremely elongated, and its face is almost exclusively reduced to bared teeth and huge insect-like eyes. Hoses extend from its neck and its back is dominated by tubular extensions and reptilian tails. The male sexual organ is significantly extended and curved upwards over the head. It opens out into a transparent bulge in which a skeletonized being is visible like a little saint resting in a glass coffin. Only the powerful arms are still close to the human form, although wires and mechanical tracks are visible under their translucent skin and their material is less reminiscent of tissue than of the grain of medieval woodcarvings. The elegantly slender fingers contrast sharply with the creature’s merciless mien. Although there is no indication as to where the creature may be in space and time, it is still obvious that it cannot come from the world as we know it.

Between these two stages stood the creative and artistic process of designing and producing the necessary figures, which Giger did primarily by himself. The process results in a unique mixture of fascination and disgust. Giger’s monster represents a turning point in science fiction and horror movies, to which Alien brought a deadly lifeform from space that had never been seen before. The myriad traces that Giger’s work has left in so many different areas—painting and film, album covers and tattoo culture, as well as in the genres of science fiction and fantasy— make it like a Rosetta Stone combining several languages that still have to be decrypted. Seen in art-historical terms, we have an artist whose work, although inspired by Surrealism and Symbolism, was highly autonomous and ultimately difficult to classify and who already made a distinctive contribution to the Fantastic Art of the 20th century with his work before Alien. His biomechanical ideas are still developed independently in disciplines like media art and bio art, less as an aesthetic influence than as ideas influencing a conceptual approach.
Then there is the reading of Giger’s work focusing on mythology and psychology, which examines the role of individual and collective fears in his approach, which is not merely figurative and narrative, but can also be understood in a modern way as the creation of a mythology. A work that is so densely populated with archetypes and beings from a post-human future, which is well beyond accepted notions of reality and which is so rich in symbols, shapes, and themes from occult traditions, also calls for a reading that includes interpretations from the fields of alchemy, astrology, and magic. The diversity of the readings of these archetypal themes could easily fill a whole library—a “Bibliotheca gigeriana”—on the draftsman, painter, sculptor, filmmaker, and designer HR Giger.
At the beginning of the 1960s, Giger published his ink drawings in Swiss underground magazines. In 1962, he entered the School of Applied Arts in Zürich. During his time there he created a group of tachistic paintings as well as pictures of huge empty stairwells. Giger’s early work deals very directly with the collective fears of the time. The world had just narrowly avoided a nuclear war over the stationing of Soviet nuclear weapons on Cuba, and in neutral Switzerland, which was working on its own nuclear weapons program, the very real possibility of a nuclear apocalypse was omnipresent. In several of his works, Giger designed a post-apocalyptic scenario showing the situation after a nuclear war. Other hotly debated issues such as the threat of global overpopulation and the advancing mechanization and automation of many aspects of life also found their way into his work. Atomkinder (Atomic Children, 1967–68) shows three posthuman figures in a stylized artificial landscape. The entire upper half of the picture is filled with an atomic “sun,” in front of which two one-legged beings loom. Giger is putting mutation, a long-term consequence of nuclear radiation at the genetic level, at the heart of the image. The two figures almost look like Siamese twins, but they are separate beings who touch each other only at a point of their backs because they need each other to walk upright. They no longer have arms, but masks and tubes leading away from them have become integral parts of their bodies. The tubes lead into the bases of their spines, which are open as if the figures were already on the autopsy table. Atomkinder, 1967–68, India ink on Transcop on paper on wood, 170 x 108 cm (67 x 42.5 in.).
Little flesh encases their skeletons, and antenna-like projections stick out from their skulls. A third entity, barely a torso with feet, is sitting on the ground, a hose leading from his back to an opening in the floor. The big nuclear sun has numerous protuberances radiating in all directions. One of them runs into a tube such as the protagonists have. This tube is either disappearing into the ground or possibly into a fourth creature that we can only discern rudimentarily. The two nuclear children that dominate the picture are looking in different directions. There is no sign of panic or postapocalyptic despair— the nuclear children are clearly way beyond such emotions. The surface of the earth, if this is what it is about, has been abstracted into pure geometry: there is no longer any landscape that we might find familiar. This is where HR Giger developed what he would later call his “biomechanical style”: a fusion of biological and mechanical components and man and machine on both a factual and a metaphorical level. This visionary anticipation of the later phenomena of cyberculture, in particular the figure of the cyborg, goes way beyond the idea of using technology to compensate for the deficits of the human race. The artist has created a new form of existence, which has no utopian features but is rather portrayed with dystopian grimness.
In addition to sexual liberation and the Vietnam War, the 1960s also saw a collective theme in the specter of overpopulation, and this formed another strand in Giger’s work. The artist confronted the fear that Earth would soon no longer be able to support all of human life from the perspective of individual birth trauma. This is particularly evident in the motif of the Gebärmaschine (Birth Machine). Executed in the style of a sectional drawing, the best known version of this topic from 1967 presents a tool for killing— more specifically: a Walther P38 pistol— as an instrument of birth. The babies waiting expectantly in the gun’s chamber and magazine for their launch into an inhospitable world are already equipped with helmets, goggles, and weapons. The painting shows four such figures huddled into a cartridge form in great detail. The figures are totally without individuality, and their seriality is combined with a sense of fatalism.
Giger was not to let go of the Passagen theme: he created the Passagen-Tempel (1974–75), four large paintings that together form a walkable environment. The temple is entered and left again through an opening in the form of an Egyptian sarcophagus in the first painting. This panel, which the visitor can only really see when leaving the temple, takes up the train as a motif: a carriage in the form of a sarcophagus moves through a biomechanical landscape representing growth and decay. The panel on the left, entitled Leben (Life), presents an erotic-biomechanical tableau permeated by the presence of violence, where sickly children jostle through an opening zipper and pile themselves up into the form of a giant phallus. On the right, Tod (Death) refers back to the main subject of the previous Passagen series—the opening of the garbage truck. It is flanked by body snatchers, who recall the shapes of the cypresses common in Italian cemeteries as also found in Arnold Böcklin’s painting Island of the Dead. The central panel of Giger’s temple, opposite the entrance, shows Weg des Magiers (The Way of the Magician): seven steps up to a throne bathed in light and flanked by biomechanical virgins. In a kind of synthesis of mutually corresponding images of life and death, the perfection of man is symbolized here as his elevation to the level of a god. 
Magical Narratives Passagen and the landscapes of our own unconscious were not the only sources that nurtured Giger’s imagery. The creation of his paintings was accompanied by an intensive reading of works of fantastic literature. Stories by authors such as Edgar Allan Poe, Gustav Meyrink, and Alfred Kubin had fascinated the artist since his youth. The writer H. P. Lovecraft, whoseNecronomicon provided the inspiration and title for Giger’s aforementioned Necronom series, had an especially complex effect on Giger. Lovecraft’s Necronomicon is a fictional book supposedly written by the Muslim poet Abdul Alhazred after ten years of solitude in the in southern Arabian desert. It is full of blasphemies by an author who has become alienated from the traditions of Islam. No one ever lay eyes on the book, though, because when Abdul Alhazred has finished writing it, invisible monsters punish him for his sacrilege and devour him in broad daylight in the central square of Damascus. Giger was not just influenced by Lovecraft’s narrative and the imaginative potential of his stories, but also by his exploration of the power of words and the magic of names— names that often may not be uttered without provoking a disaster. Something fascinated Giger in the sound of a name, which comes across to the viewers of his literary-semantically inspired works.
The character was invented only in the 19th century, an androgynous cross of man and goat, horned and sporting the pentagram on its forehead. For Lévi, the figure is a symbol of the elevation of the spirit over matter, whereas Crowley sees it as symbolizing the union of opposites and it also occupies the position of the devil in his work.
The texts Giger was reading and the images he was painting ultimately impart secret knowledge reserved only for the initiated. The opaqueness of hermetic texts and occult pictorial schemes represent a way of thinking that has challenged enlightened rationalist modernity since the Renaissance. Yet Giger himself was not an alchemist. Where alchemical symbols appear in his works, their meaning alludes to the symbolic and philosophical layer in which alchemy can be understood as a program for the development of man and a forerunner of psychoanalysis. In his art, he followed the same step that C. G. Jung had taken with his break from Sigmund Freud in his concepts of a “collective unconscious” and of “archetypes.” Jung had noticed that, “certain archetypal motifs that are common in alchemy appear in the dreams of modern individuals who have no knowledge of alchemical literature.” Giger’s art ultimately alludes to transpersonal ideas and images, from which it derives its mythical power."


XXL Hardcover in original box, 11.4 x 15.6 in., 13.11 lb unpacked, 506 pages
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