Yemen P-37 B131 100 Rials 2018 UNC—Socotra—Dragon Blood Tree

Yemen P-37 100 Rials 2018, Uncirculated. Variety: P-37a — Mohamed Awad Bin Humam (MABH), Governor; or P-37b Mohamed Mansour Zemam (MMZ), Governor, both 2018 Color: Dark brown and maroon on light tan and orange underprint Front: Socotra dragon blood trees (Dracaena cinnabari) at bottom-centre Qamariya stained glass window art to the right of the Arabic serial number Outline of a mosque as a latent image Serial number red in Western numerals, black in Eastern Arabic numerals Back: Terraced agricultural farming fields at centre Queen Arwa Mosque Mihrab decorated niche at right Watermark: Coat of Arms and electrotype Arabic denomination Signatures: Mohamed Awad Bin Humam (MABH), Governor (P-37a) OR Mohamed Mansour Zemam (MMZ), Governor (P-37b) Issuing Bank: Central Bank of Yemen (البنك المركزي اليمني) Currency: Rial (YER, 1990–date) Denomination: 100 Rials Composition: Paper Size: 150 × 70 mm Shape: Rectangular Printer: Goznak (Гознак), Russian Federation (1818–date) Country: Yemen — Mutawakkilite Kingdom (1918–1962) → Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990) → Republic of Yemen (1990–date) The Socotra Dragon Blood Tree The Dracaena cinnabari, or Socotra dragon blood tree, is one of the most iconic and otherworldly trees on Earth. Native to the Socotra Archipelago — a UNESCO World Heritage Site — these umbrella-shaped trees produce a vivid crimson resin historically prized as a dye, medicine, and varnish. Their appearance on Yemen's 100 Rials note celebrates the extraordinary biodiversity of Socotra, often called the "Galápagos of the Indian Ocean." Qamariya: The Art of Light The Qamariya is a traditional Yemeni stained glass window art form, typically set above doorways in old Sana'a architecture. These semicircular windows filter sunlight into kaleidoscopic patterns, blending Islamic geometric design with vibrant color. Their inclusion on this note honors Yemen's rich architectural and artistic heritage, recognized by UNESCO in the historic city of Sana'a. Agricultural Terraces of Yemen The terraced farming fields depicted on the reverse represent millennia of Yemeni ingenuity — ancient stone terraces carved into steep mountain slopes to capture rainwater and cultivate crops in an arid landscape. These terraces, found throughout the Haraz Mountains and other highland regions, are a testament to Yemen's deep agricultural traditions. Queen Arwa Mosque Mihrab The mihrab (prayer niche) of the Queen Arwa Mosque in Jibla is one of Yemen's most celebrated examples of Islamic decorative art. Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi, who ruled Yemen in the 11th–12th centuries, is one of the few women in Islamic history to have her name mentioned in the Friday prayer. The mosque she built remains a pilgrimage site and a symbol of Yemeni cultural pride. A Final Reflection: An Island Apart, A Nation Enduring This 100 Rials note, issued in 2018 by the Central Bank of Yemen in Aden, captures the soul of a nation through its natural wonders and cultural landmarks. From the alien beauty of Socotra's dragon blood trees to the geometric poetry of Qamariya windows and the enduring terraces of highland farmers, this note is a collector's window into Yemen's extraordinary heritage — preserved in paper at a pivotal moment in history. A meaningful addition to any world banknote collection, this Uncirculated example represents both the artistry of Goznak's printing and the resilience of Yemeni identity.

Yemen P-37 B131 100 Rials 2018 UNC—Socotra—Dragon Blood Tree

Yemen P-37 100 Rials 2018, Uncirculated.

  • Variety: P-37a — Mohamed Awad Bin Humam (MABH), Governor; or P-37b Mohamed Mansour Zemam (MMZ), Governor, both 2018
  • Color: Dark brown and maroon on light tan and orange underprint
  • Front:
    • Socotra dragon blood trees (Dracaena cinnabari) at bottom-centre
    • Qamariya stained glass window art to the right of the Arabic serial number
    • Outline of a mosque as a latent image
    • Serial number red in Western numerals, black in Eastern Arabic numerals
  • Back:
    • Terraced agricultural farming fields at centre
    • Queen Arwa Mosque Mihrab decorated niche at right
  • Watermark: Coat of Arms and electrotype Arabic denomination
  • Signatures: Mohamed Awad Bin Humam (MABH), Governor (P-37a) OR Mohamed Mansour Zemam (MMZ), Governor (P-37b)
  • Issuing Bank: Central Bank of Yemen (البنك المركزي اليمني)
  • Currency: Rial (YER, 1990–date)
  • Denomination: 100 Rials
  • Composition: Paper
  • Size: 150 × 70 mm
  • Shape: Rectangular
  • Printer: Goznak (Гознак), Russian Federation (1818–date)
  • Country: Yemen — Mutawakkilite Kingdom (1918–1962) → Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990) → Republic of Yemen (1990–date)

The Socotra Dragon Blood Tree

The Dracaena cinnabari, or Socotra dragon blood tree, is one of the most iconic and otherworldly trees on Earth. Native to the Socotra Archipelago — a UNESCO World Heritage Site — these umbrella-shaped trees produce a vivid crimson resin historically prized as a dye, medicine, and varnish. Their appearance on Yemen's 100 Rials note celebrates the extraordinary biodiversity of Socotra, often called the "Galápagos of the Indian Ocean."

Qamariya: The Art of Light

The Qamariya is a traditional Yemeni stained glass window art form, typically set above doorways in old Sana'a architecture. These semicircular windows filter sunlight into kaleidoscopic patterns, blending Islamic geometric design with vibrant color. Their inclusion on this note honors Yemen's rich architectural and artistic heritage, recognized by UNESCO in the historic city of Sana'a.

Agricultural Terraces of Yemen

The terraced farming fields depicted on the reverse represent millennia of Yemeni ingenuity — ancient stone terraces carved into steep mountain slopes to capture rainwater and cultivate crops in an arid landscape. These terraces, found throughout the Haraz Mountains and other highland regions, are a testament to Yemen's deep agricultural traditions.

Queen Arwa Mosque Mihrab

The mihrab (prayer niche) of the Queen Arwa Mosque in Jibla is one of Yemen's most celebrated examples of Islamic decorative art. Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi, who ruled Yemen in the 11th–12th centuries, is one of the few women in Islamic history to have her name mentioned in the Friday prayer. The mosque she built remains a pilgrimage site and a symbol of Yemeni cultural pride.

A Final Reflection: An Island Apart, A Nation Enduring

This 100 Rials note, issued in 2018 by the Central Bank of Yemen in Aden, captures the soul of a nation through its natural wonders and cultural landmarks. From the alien beauty of Socotra's dragon blood trees to the geometric poetry of Qamariya windows and the enduring terraces of highland farmers, this note is a collector's window into Yemen's extraordinary heritage — preserved in paper at a pivotal moment in history.

A meaningful addition to any world banknote collection, this Uncirculated example represents both the artistry of Goznak's printing and the resilience of Yemeni identity.

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Banknote Grading Guide

Grades reflect overall market perception, not rigid defect counting alone. Notes sold from grouped inventory may vary slightly within grade. Individual defects such as foxing, writing, or small marks may be reflected in the grade rather than always itemized separately. Buyers may return any note within 14 days of receipt; satisfaction is guaranteed.

  • UNC (Uncirculated ~60-70): folds none; handling none to trace; paper crisp; corners sharp; splits/tears none; missing pieces none; surface clean; impressions (counting-band or security-thread half-moon) permitted if there is no paper break, fiber disturbance, or ink/design loss.
  • AU/UNC (Almost Unc. Plus ~55-58): folds 1 very light fold (soft bend, no sharp crease, no design break) or up to 3 corner bends; handling trace; paper crisp; corners nearly sharp.
  • AU (Almost Unc. ~50-53): folds 1 light fold or 2 very light folds; handling light; paper crisp to slightly relaxed; corners slightly rounded.
  • XF+ (Extra Fine Plus ~45-48): folds 2-3 light folds; handling light; paper crisp to regular; edges minor wear begins.
  • XF (Extra Fine ~40-44): folds 3-4 light to moderate folds; handling moderate; paper crisp to regular; edges/splits minor splits may appear.
  • VF+ (Very Fine Plus ~35-39): folds 4-6 moderate folds; handling moderate; paper regular to semi-limp; splits minor and more common.
  • VF (Very Fine ~30-34): folds 6-8 moderate to heavy folds; paper semi-limp; splits small but typical; surface light soiling visible.
  • VFâ (Very Fine Minus ~25-29): folds 8-12 heavy folds; paper semi-limp to limp; splits moderate; surface duller; foxing/writing may be present and reflected in grade without separate notation.
  • F (Fine 15-20): folds 12-15 heavy folds, may include very heavy folds; paper limp; splits frequent; tears up to 10 mm, limited in number; missing pieces up to 3 small edge/corner pieces, each up to about 3Ã3 mm; foxing/writing may be present and reflected in grade without separate notation.
  • Fâ (Fine Minus ~12-14): folds numerous very heavy folds; paper limp; splits common; tears up to about 15 mm; missing pieces up to 5 small pieces, each up to about 5 mm; foxing/writing may be present and reflected in grade without separate notation.
  • VG/F (Very Good to Fine ~10-12): folds dense network of very heavy folds; paper very limp; splits heavy; tears common; missing pieces multiple; foxing/writing may be minor or significant and reflected in grade without separate notation.
  • VG (Very Good ~8-10): folds severe overlapping very heavy folds; paper very limp; splits heavy with edge damage; missing pieces multiple; surface poor eye appeal; foxing/writing may be minor or significant and reflected in grade without separate notation.

Definitions

  • Handling: surface fatigue without structural change; loss of crispness, slight dulling, and/or micro-flexing; not a true fold.
  • Fold severity: very light = bend only, no sharp crease, no ink disturbance; light = thin crease, clean line, no ink loss; moderate = visible pressure, slightly widened line; heavy = broad crease, may vary slightly in placement; very heavy = thick, uneven, with weakened or partially lost design along the fold.
  • Half-moon / band impression: curved pressure mark from a counting strap or internal security thread; acceptable in UNC if the paper is not broken and there is no fiber or design disturbance; if flattening or disturbance is visible, the note is typically AU/UNC or lower. A simple central-bank band impression is generally less serious than a mark that visibly disturbs the printed design.
  • Foxing: age-related spotting. Minor foxing typically lowers a note about one grade step; major foxing lowers it multiple steps.
  • Pen marks / writing: minor means under about 2 cm² total visible writing; major means more than ~2 cm² or visually dominant writing. Minor writing lowers a note one grade step; major writing lowers it multiple steps.
  • Tears / splits / missing pieces: structural defects. These must remain within the limits of the assigned grade; excessive size, count, or severity forces a downgrade.
  • When foxing, writing or tears downgrade a note, the issue may be absorbed into the assigned grade without explicit mention.