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An Awesome Pair Of Roller Skates Handmade In America By Riedell

MOXI LOLLY TAFFY SUEDE LEATHER ROLLER SKATES (SIZE 7)

DETAILS:

Size:
Size 7. The manufacturer boot size runs large therefore a size 7 is larger than it's printed size. According to Moxi's sizing chart a size 7 of Lolly model roller skates should fit those who wear women's size 8 or 8.5 shoe. The Lolly's come equipped with a very minimal felt insole. If you require more comfort and/or a more snug fit simply replace with thicker insoles. See last photo for Moxi size chart.

Includes Moxi Skate Leash, Keychain, Crab Tool, And Extra Toe Stops!
Included with your skates are the original crab tool and Moxi Roller Skates skate logo keychain. Added extras include a black Moxi Roller Skates leash for transporting your skates with ease, and a set of used Bionic adjustable top stops in gray (the original PowerDyne toe stops were never used). Also includes original Moxi Roller Skates black box, Moxi Roller Skates tissue paper, and clear bags.

Taffy purple suede high top roller skates can be used for indoor or outdoor skating. Moxi Lolly Taffy Skates are a mid-range lifestyle skate, designed for recreation and street skating. The high-quality, soft leather boot breaks in quickly with minimal discomfort and forms to your foot more than less expensive synthetic skate boots. The suede material of the boot gives the most comfortable cruise with lots of ankle flexibility and a good plate to start some light park skating with a change of wheels.

Handcrafted for Moxi Roller Skates by the skilled artisans in Red Wing, Minnesota working for ice skate brand Riedell. Riedell is much like a sister company to quality footwear company Red Wing Shoes, whose products are also hand made in the USA.

Equipped With Retired Seafoam Gummy Wheels!
This pair of Moxi Lolly skates may be an older model as they are equipped with Moxi's wider 40mm Seafoam Gummy wheels. Later models of Lolly completes are equipped with 35mm width Gummy wheels that also match the boot color. Additionally, Seafoam is no longer a color option that Moxi offers and the skates come in a black colored Moxi Roller Skates cardboard box, which is an older version of their packaging.

CONDITION:

In very good, pre-owned condition. Some signs of previous used. Includes original packaging. The wheels have yellowed over time - a normal occurrence for transparent gummy wheels. The stock PowerDyne toe stops were never because the Bionic toe stops were installed. Please see photos.

To ensure safe delivery all items are carefully packaged before shipping out.

THANK YOU FOR LOOKING. QUESTIONS? JUST ASK.

"Moxi Roller Skates

Designed to rekindle the nostalgia and culture of roller skating from the 1980s, Moxi roller skates are a high top roller skate, perfect for indoor or outdoor skating and available in a variety of styles and colours, so there’s a Moxi for everyone!

Moxi Skates was founded in 2008 by Michelle Steilen (also known as Estro Jen), in Long Beach, California. Michelle’s love for skating started as a child in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where her father, a skateboarder, always made sure she had a pair of roller skates. This love grew and, at 21, Michelle joined a roller derby league, and the idea for Moxi Skates was born.

Michelle wanted a better designed, higher quality skate, which was also fashionable and comfortable to wear so she teamed up with Riedell (a staple in roller skating for over 70 years) to create Moxi Skates. Moxi proved to be a huge success and has become one of the most popular roller skate brands in the world. Driven and represented by women, Moxi has a massive following, called “Chicks in Bowls” and an all-women team spanning the United States, Germany, Australia, Mexico, England, Canada, and Argentina.

A fun fact about Moxi Skates is that each skate is named after one of Michelle’s family members. The “Jack” is named after her younger brother, the “Beach Bunny” is an ode to her pet rabbits, Cloudia and Nimbus and the most famous Moxi skate, the “Lolly” was named after Michelle’s sister Loren.

So not only are Moxi one of the best skates out there, they look great too! We also stock Moxi pads and helmets, a perfect match for your Moxi Skates!" (slickwillies)

"The History Of Moxi Roller Skates
October 17, 2022 by Lily Stone ...

The brand Moxi was created and is driven by women. They make some of the very best roller skates for women on the market today. Which I think is pretty cool.

The Moxi team members are everywhere from the United States, Australia, Germany, Canada, England, Mexico, and Argentina.

The founder of Moxi Skates is Michelle Stall or Estro Gen (her roller derby name) she founded the company back in 2008 in Long Beach, California.

The Moxi brand teamed up with Riedell to create her skates.

The brand Moxi is very popular among women skaters because of their dedication to fashion as well as making good quality skates. They are really popular as outdoor roller skates and women’s skates.

In 2018 Moxi sold 10,000 pairs of roller skates.

This brand is sold currently on the Moxi website as well as Urban Outfitters, Bando, Dolls Kill, and 200 rinks and skate shops around the world.

The Moxi Lolly Skates one of the brand’s most popular pairs of skate is made in Minnesota with an all-women team.

Although Moxi is known for its derby looking style and derby names, they are truly an outdoor skating brand. Even though you can wear any style of skate anywhere.

The Moxxi Roller Skate Shop now sells on top of their roller skates, roller skate wheels, roller skating pads and more.

Moxi is like the other skate brands I have written about are still going strong to this day with a very heavy resurgence in roller skating." (rollerskatedad)

"Riedell Shoe Inc. was founded in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, in 1945 by a former Red Wing Shoes employee.[1] The founder, Paul Riedell,[2] wanted to design widely available and affordable ice skates. This task secured him a spot in both the ice and roller skating hall of fame.[3]
2020s

In the 2020s the company was operated by four grandsons of the founders.[4]

The company faced a supply-chain shortage issue due to in 2020 that continued into 2021, causing a roller skate shortage.[5]

Riedell is also the manufacturer of Moxi, a fashion-forward colorful brand of roller skates founded by pro skater Michelle “Estro Jen” Steilen.[5] It also manufactures roller derby- and park-focused brand Antik Skates, a brand originally produced in cooperation with Mo "Quadzilla LK" Sanders before the company terminated its association with Sanders in 2018. Riedell continues to produce brands associated with Antik including Gumball toe stops, Moto bearings, and CIB wheels." (wikipedia)

" Driftless Stories - December 3, 2020
Riedell’s Got Moxi

By Erin Dorbin | Holiday + Winter 2020-21 Inspire(d)

Members of the Moxi Skate Team in Long Beach, California. Moxi’s Lolly skates and Jack boots are made in the Driftless at Riedell Skate Co. in Red Wing, Minnesota / Photo courtesy Moxi Skate Team

When roller skating pro Michelle Stielen founded Moxi Skates in Long Beach, California in 2008, she wanted to create a new style of roller skates – colorful, fun, and American-made, to boot. She looked to Riedell Skating Co. in Red Wing, Minnesota, to get it done. Ten years later, during a pandemic and a huge surge in skating popularity, doing so was another story.

Finding joy through 2020 has been different for everyone. For some, it’s mastering the art of bread baking, or a phone call with a friend. For others – an increasing amount of others – it’s lacing up and rolling in a brand new pair of roller skates.

“Everyone in a pair of skates, with a smile to start their day,” says Michelle Stielen. This was what she imagined in 2008 when she first founded Moxi, a lifestyle roller skating brand based in Long Beach, California…whose skates are made right here in the Driftless at Riedell Skate Co. in Red Wing, Minnesota.

Moxi’s effervescent, colorful designs stand out from the monochromatic skates of old, and in 2020, they have become one of the most desirable commodities on the market. Michelle says it’s been a transformational year for the company.

During the nationwide stay-at-home orders in April 2020, social media worked its algorithmic magic to lure popular culture back into a pair of roller skates. The public was awestruck by the viral videos of fearless outdoor skaters in candy-colored gear effortlessly cruising city streets, or dropping in at the skate park to show off their acrobatic skills. While the rinks were closed, skaters of all abilities filmed videos at home and in the streets that inspired viewers to creatively make use of the everyday skate spaces we have: kitchens, garages, sidewalks, cul de sacs, living rooms, etc.
The Riedell-crafted Lolly skates (top photo) are “our bread and butter, our number-one seller,” says Michelle. They fit so well, she says it’s “as if our feet naturally sprouted wheels.” These retail for $350-$400. Can’t afford to invest in your skating future at that price point? Moxi can get you rolling from $99-150 with their imported vegan Beach Bunny, Panthers, Jungle, and new Rainbow Riders skates (pictured, bottom photo) / Photos courtesy Moxi Skate Team

The most popular of these videos and images were posted by the Moxi Skate Team. Their organizer, Michelle, is part gymnast and part stuntwoman on wheels. She even recently worked as a stunt double for Margot Robbie in the Hollywood blockbuster, Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey.

These skaters were inspiring even the most uncoordinated to lace up and get moving! That’s all, of course, if you could find an available pair of Moxi Skates. As of right now, Moxis are sold out from retailers across the nation.

This is a big win for family-owned Riedell Skate Co. It’s also a big challenge during a pandemic.

It’s October 2020, National Roller Skating Month (dedicated in 1983 by President Ronald Reagan). At the Riedell headquarters, Bob is beaming. He wants to know who saw the piece on roller skating that morning on Good Morning America. By this point in the year, roller skating is everywhere, and the nationwide skate shortage is covered in Vogue, Vice, New York Times, Huffington Post, and more.

Why the shortage?

As the Moxi Skate Team was heating up social media with inspiring posts from Long Beach, manufacturing in Red Wing was brought to a sudden, toe-stop halt. Riedell was deemed “nonessential” manufacturing in Governor Walz’s executive shutdown order.

“We’ve been working really hard for the past 10 years to make roller skates the shoes of the future,” says Moxi Skate Team member and brand employee Marin Wendoll, a.k.a. “Legs.” “That’s why we were like, ‘Oh my gosh! Look at all of these orders! This is so exciting!’” But, the Riedell Shoe Factory would remain closed for a total of six weeks during the shutdown as the online orders simultaneously flooded into the company....

Moxi & Riedell Partnership:

In 2020, Riedell Skates celebrated its 75th anniversary. Founded by Paul Riedell in 1945, today the four brothers – Scott, Dan, Paul, and Bob Riegelman – are the third generation devotedly leading the company as a team, producing the highest quality roller and ice skates in the nation.

“We’re pretty ordinary people and we’re pretty loyal,” says Bob. “Our grandparents started the business here, and one of our greatest assets is our employee base.”

Impressively, the average length of service at Riedell is 28 years, and a number of its workers even celebrated their 44th year in 2020. (Happy 44th to Cindy, Barb, Roger, Brenda, and all!)

Roughly a decade ago, Riedell was looking for a roller skate sales representative on the West Coast. Michelle Stielen was one of the applicants for the job. “I’d never found somebody with so much passion for roller skating in my life,” recalls Bob. While she wasn’t hired for that position, they stayed in contact.

Michelle branched out on her own to promote outdoor roller skating and open up her own skate shop in Venice, California. One day the shop’s regular UPS driver paid Michelle an extra special compliment that helped shape her brand. “You’ve got a lot of moxie!” he told her. The word “moxie” represents bravery, strength, and fortitude. These were the characteristics she believed define her roller skating brand. From that point forward, the shop and brand were known as Moxi (they dropped the “e” for the name).

Known in the skate community as “Estro Jen” from her roller derby days, Michelle noticed an absence of colorful skates on the market. So, she decided to transform the market. Michelle reached back out to Riedell.

“American-made is fascinating to me,” she says. “Almost 100 percent of U.S. shoes are made in another country. I found it incredible that there was one factory still around making footwear that glided on wheels. I really, really, really wanted to do whatever I could to work with them to create an American-made roller skate boot.”

Moxi and Riedell partnered on a series of skates based on Michelle’s designs. Bob describes the Moxi skates as “more of a lifestyle skate” compared to the other ice and roller skate brands they manufacture. While it’s a little confusing to the consumer who’s behind which part of the process, he offers clarification: Riedell owns and produces the Moxi Skates. The larger Moxi brand, Moxie Skates website, and accessories are owned and managed by Michelle and her team in California – they can be thought of as the brand identity and retail business.

Moxi Skates come in a variety of colors and styles that can be custom ordered with choices in colors of boot, wheels, linings, laces, frames, toe stops, and more. Those orders are then busily filled at Riedell. Staff have since committed to 62-hour workweeks in an attempt to catch up on the backlog of orders. The company hired 15 additional employees, and are still looking for more to get their eager customers rolling on their Moxi Skates.

For years, the production timeline for a pair of Lolly skates or Jack boots (the two Moxi lines made in Red Wing) was 4-7 weeks. In October of 2019, they managed to get to a point where Riedell could produce and ship them in 5-7 days, and keep them in stock....

“We were used to making 300 skates a week and now we’re trying to pump out 3,000 a week,” Legs says. “It’s wonderful that Moxi has grown, and roller skating in general, but at the same time it’s uncomfortable to grow so fast in such a short amount of time. You’re learning things really, really quickly.”

Moxi went from a staff of four to a staff of 25, including a board of directors, a shipping department, customer service and social media teams, and a Chief Operating Officer. In 2020, they also opened up a warehouse in California to help with stocking and shipping....

Handcrafting even one pair of Moxi Skates at the Riedell factory is no easy feat, though. From start to finish, it requires processes at 85 individual stations. Raw material is first cut from high-quality leather and sent to fitting where the upper is sewn and begins to take shape. “This is where we put the soul in!” veteran employee Barb Peterson – one of the workers who celebrated 44 years with the company– jokes as she moves swiftly and gracefully through boot sole production.

The next stop is Riedell’s proprietary lasting process that gives the boot its proper, consistent width, size, and shape – this takes an entire day. Then, the boot is sent to bottoming where the sole and skate bottoms are nailed and cemented. From there, it’s off to finishing, where the boots are polished, cleaned, and thoroughly inspected. Next, is attaching the plates and wheels, before packaging. Finally, they are off to shipping.

Everyone – from staff in shipping with three years’ service to supervisors in their 44th year – confirms they’ve “never seen anything like this” level of interest in their products....

Physical movement as social movement

Moxi, as a lifestyle brand, is also trying to successfully navigate the social and political climate of 2020, with the goal of promoting roller skating as a truly inclusive activity.

For three centuries, roller skating’s popularity has ebbed and flowed, punctuated by various “craze” periods throughout its history. The pastime originated in London in 1735 and in the late 19th century, the first public rink opened in the city. At the same time, roller skating in the U.S. picked up speed, and in 1866, the first public roller rink opened inside the elegant Atlantic House hotel in Newport, Rhode Island.

Americans tend to collectively remember the height of roller skating being between the 1930s and early 1960s, and throughout the roller disco era of the 1970s.

Less frequently recalled is that roller skating was an important part of the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Roller skating (as most social and public activities) was racialized and American rinks were strictly segregated. Black skaters were only allowed access to the rinks on specific nights, if at all. Outside the rinks, they experienced intimidating and violent policing. Black skaters started organizing for equal access to the roller rinks, hosting large protests and sit-ins.

Roller rink skating was a way for Black Americans to lose themselves in the joy of skating. They expressed their creativity through the wheels on their feet, developing fluid dance-skating styles like the jam skating that is currently trending.

Roller skating has been a tool of social action in 2020 as well. Black skaters took to the streets on their skates as participants in the Black Lives Matter movement, and we started seeing the message “Black Skaters Matter,” too. The statement is a reminder to the public about the influential black skaters that were initially overlooked when white skaters began heavily trending on social media.

As part of Moxi’s commitment to inclusivity, they’ve hosted virtual forums on diversity – or lack thereof – in representations of roller skating in popular culture. They hope they can connect with Black, Indigenous, and Skaters of Color in the skate community, and promote and advocate for body positivity as well. Their social media platform is for skaters of all types and sizes, as a place to both improve and show off skating skills. “We are tall, short, thick, and skinny,” says Michelle. “But most important of all, we’re strong”" (iloveinspired)

" Margot Robbie/Harley Quinn’s skate double is Moxi founder Michelle Steilen
Avatar photoby Sarahi ApaezFebruary 9, 2020

Fifteen years ago, Michelle Steilen booked a one-way ticket from Pennsylvania to California carrying only a backpack, seeking perfect weather and an active lifestyle on skates.

Back then, Steilen would have never imagined that their love for roller skating would take them onto a Hollywood set as a skate stunt double for Margot Robbie as Harley Quinn in the DC Comics film “Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn).”

“Birds of Prey” is Harley Quinn’s first solo film. It’s a movie about her finding her own identity after the “mutual” break up with the Joker. It also happens to involve quite a bit of roller skating.

Steilen remembers the call they received when first being asked to be a part of the film. Known by the skate name of Estro Jen, Steilen is a professional roller skater who wears many hats, most notably, as the creator and founder of Moxi Roller Skates which started on Long Beach’s Fourth Street Retro Row.

That and a fondness for a bit of roller skating stunt work bordering on the ridiculous, precipitated the call that went something like this: “Hey, you’re Estro Jen right? We just spoke to a producer of a roller derby workout video that you were the host of and asked her who in all the roller skaters in the world would she suggest that we could attach to the back of a car. She said YOU right away, and that you even do that for fun?”

Skitching is “skate-hitching,” in which a roller skater hitches a ride holding on to the back of a car. You’ll see a quick clip of Steilen doing it at about the 1:06 mark in the “Birds of Prey” trailer above. And yes, as it looks, it’s dangerous. And, yes, as the workout director said, it’s one of Michelle Steilen’s favorite skate activities.

“It’s true I really do, I love to skitch!” Steilen said.

And just like that, Steilen was called onto the set as the roller skate expert which involved anything from helping Margot Robbie learn to skate—Steilen says Robbie didn’t need a lot of help—to collaborating with the stunt team on fight scenes.

“I was hired right from the beginning so I was training on how to be a Harley Quinn,” Steilen said. “I was swinging a mallet a thousand times a day and learning how to kick, punch, block and dodge bullets on skates.”

Without spoiling any of the movie, Steilen’s skate stunts make their big-screen debut in the fight scenes on the spinning carousel and the skitching scene. Steilen shared the skate spotlight with Renae Moneymaker and Jocelyn Kay who performed all other stunts for Harley Quinn on skates.

“All of my stunts were natural. I wasn’t connected to cables or wires or moving platforms,” Steilen said. “At one point, which didn’t make the cut, I was backflipping out of a ramp that was fastened to a spinning carousel, which was pretty freaking difficult, since the floor was spinning and elevated.”

Another behind-the-scenes moments that stood out to Steilen was that they often saw director Cathy Yan whirling around on yellow Moxi Roller Skates while directing, something Steilin called “awesome.”

With an almost all-female crew on the set, Steilen worked alongside women stunt doubles who shared that what they were experiencing on this action movie set was quite unique. Working in the male-dominated action movie industry, stunt doubles said they were generally used to being the only women on the stunt team. Steilen watched as stunt women would light up every time they gathered together for a scene.

“It was almost like the first time I went to a roller derby practice and looked around to realize I was surrounded by a majority of women. I remember I had that same look on my face that these stunt women did,” Steilen said.

Speaking of roller derby, at the beginning of the film, Harley Quinn takes a moment to share about her days in roller derby. In the scene, Harley plays derby with a vengeance, knocking girls out while skating upon none other than Long Beach local Mimi Masher’s famous banked roller derby track.

For the roller derby scenes, Steilen said the filmmakers hired a derby consultant, Rachel Johnston, and actual derby girls from the Angel City Derby team which Steilen founded in 2006, to not only make the film more authentic but have it resonate within the derby community.

“It makes me feel really awesome that Warner Brothers and the movie industry see value in people who are actual real-life participants, like real competitive roller derby skaters and would rather put their buck on them, rather than teach someone who doesn’t know how to do it,” Steilen said.

“The past 15 years have been insane, from opening up the first Moxi Skate Shop in the back of Lil Devils [Boutique] in 2008, to seeing the growth of our brand, it’s been this inch-by-inch process and now I’m a part of a movie made by skaters for skaters, and it’s been such an incredible experience,” Steilen said. “Long Beach and California have treated me so well, I really feel like I’m living the American dream.”" (lbpost)

"Roller skates are boots with wheels mounted to the bottom, allowing the user to travel on hard surfaces similarly to an ice skater on ice. The first roller skate was an inline skate design, effectively an ice skate with a line of wheels replacing the blade. In modern usage, the term typically refers to skates with two pairs of wheels on shared axles like those of skateboards (early versions of which were made using roller skate parts). Skates with this configuration are also known as "quad skates" or "quads" and, like skateboards, steer by tilting the skate to one side, which causes the axles to turn inward....

Eventually, roller skating evolved from just a pastime to a competitive sport; speed skating, racing on skates, and inline figure skating, very similar to what can be seen in the Olympics on ice. In the mid 1990s roller hockey, played with a ball rather than a puck, became so popular that it even made an appearance in the Olympics in 1992. The National Sporting Goods Association statistics showed, from a 1999 study, that 2.5 million people played roller hockey. Roller skating was considered for the 2012 Summer Olympics[5] but has never become an Olympic event. Other roller skating sports include jam skating and roller derby.

Roller skating popularity began during the late 1950s and 1960s at rock 'n' roll teen dance halls, but exploded and took off in the 1970s and 1980s due to the introduction of large rubberized polymer wheels such as Krypto-Pro, to replace metal wheels, becoming popular and an iconic thing of that time. In the early 1990s it would begin to diminish in popularity. Sales of roller skates increased during the as people sought safe outdoor activities.[6]

Roller skating saw a revival in the late 2010s and early 2020s, spurred on by a number of viral videos on the popular video-sharing app TikTok and also a revival of 1970s and 1980s pop culture from film and TV nostalgia. Many popular brands sold out to the point of back-order, with many people taking up the hobby during quarantines across the globe.

Parts

A roller skate has two main parts: the boot and the plate, which is the part that holds the wheels and provides the ability to steer. There are two main categories of roller skate boots: a high-top boot with a raised heel similar to an ice figure skating boot, and a flat-soled boot cut at or below the ankle. The plate is bolted to the boot, typically by drilling holes through the sole of the boot to match existing holes in the plates and placing bolts with low-profile heads inside the boots with nuts on the outside facing the floor. For boots with a raised heel, screws can be driven into the heel directly. Roller skate plates are composed of several parts: the base structural component is also called the plate, and the trucks, which are the main steering components, are attached to it in a way that allows the trucks to steer when the plate is tilted. Almost all roller skate plates achieve this by sandwiching each truck between a pair of flexible cylindrical "cushions" or bushings so that it can tilt. The stack is held together by a "kingpin" that passes through the center of the stack and is used to adjust the compression applied to the cushions. The "traditional" kingpin is a bolt that threads into the plate and is secured by a jam nut against the plate. Most modern plates use a "flipped" kingpin instead, which is a threaded stud attached to the plate and allows preload adjustments using a locking nut. To prevent the truck from rotating around the kingpin, an additional protrusion from the truck called a "pivot pin" sits in a cup on the plate.
Organizations
The Roller Skating Rink Operators Association was developed in the U.S. in 1937. It is currently named the Roller Skating Association. The association promotes roller skating and offers classes to the public, aiming to educate the population about roller skating. Its current president is Bobby Pender and the associations headquarters are located in Indianapolis." (wikipedia)

"Roller skating is the act of travelling on surfaces with roller skates. It is a recreational activity, a sport, and a form of transportation. Roller rinks and skate parks are built for roller skating, though it also takes place on streets, sidewalks, and bike paths.

Roller skating originated in the performing arts in the 18th century. It gained widespread popularity starting in the 1880s. Roller skating was very popular in the United States from the 1930s to the 1950s, then again in the 1970s when it was associated with disco music and roller discos. During the 1990s, inline outdoor roller skating became popular. Roller skating has often been a part of Black and LGBT history in particular.[1]

Sport roller skating includes speed skating, roller hockey, roller derby, figure skating and aggressive quad skating....

After a decline in popularity, roller skating became widespread again in the 1930s to the 1950s. This era is known as the Golden Age of Roller Skating. Many skating rinks offering electric organ music were built throughout the United States in this period.[2]: 89–91

In the 1970s, roller disco became widespread. This style of skating originated with disco music predominantly among Black and gay skaters.[7] During the late 1980s and the 1990s, outdoor and indoor inline skating (with "rollerblades") became popular. Roller skating declined in popularity in the early 21st century, but became more popular again during .[8][4]

Roller skating has long been tied to Black American social movements, immigrant communities, and the LGBT community, particularly for women in roller derby. As a hobby it is perceived as whimsical and is widely accessible to many people....

Types of roller skatingArtistic
Main article: Artistic roller skating
Artistic roller skating is a sport which consists of a number of events. These are usually accomplished on quad skates, but inline skates may be used for some events. Various flights of events are organized by age and ability/experience. In the US, local competitions lead to 9 regional competitions which led to the National Championships and World Championships.

    Figures: Figure artistic skating involves prescribed movement symmetrically composed of at least two circles, but not more than three circles, involving primary, or primary and secondary movements, with or without turns. Figures are skated on circles, which have been inscribed on the skating surface.[22][23]
    Dance: Skaters are judged by the accuracy of steps that they skate when performing a particular dance. In addition to being judged on their edges and turns, skaters must carry themselves in an elegant manner while paying careful attention to the rhythm and timing of the music.
    Freestyle: Freestyle roller dancing is a style of physical movement, usually done to music, that is not choreographed or planned ahead of time. It occurs in many genres, including those where people dance with partners. By definition, this kind of dance is never the same from performance to performance, although it can be done formally and informally, sometimes using some sparse choreography as a very loose outline for the improvisation.
    Precision teams: A team of skaters (usually counted in multiples of four) creates various patterns and movements to music. Often used elements include skating in a line, skating in a box, "splicing" (subgroups skating towards each other such that they do not contact each other), and skating in a circle. The team is judged on its choreography and the ability to skate together precisely, and jumps and spins are not as important. In this category, they are classified as "small groups" (6 to 15 people) or "big groups" (16 to 30 skaters). These show groups are also divided due to the level and ages.
    Singles and pairs: A single skater or a pair of skaters present routines to music. They are judged on skating ability and creativity. Jumps, spins and turns are expected in these events. Sometimes with a pair or couple skaters slow music will play, and usually it is two songs....

Jam skating
Main article: Jam skating

Jam skating is a skating style consisting of a combination of dance, gymnastics, and roller skating, performed on roller skates. The 2018 documentary film United Skates prominently features the technique.[24]
Group skating

Among skaters not committed to a particular discipline, a popular social activity is the group skate or street skate, in which large groups of skaters regularly meet to skate together, usually on city streets. One such group is the San Francisco Midnight Rollers. In 1989 the small 15–20 group that became the Midnight Rollers explored the closed doubIe-decker Embarcadero Freeway after the Loma-Prieta earthquake until it was torn down.[25] At which point the new route was created settling on Friday nights at 9 pm from the San Francisco Ferry Building circling 12 miles around the city back at midnight to the start.[26][27][28][29] Although such touring existed among quad roller skate clubs in the 1970s and 1980s, it made the jump to inline skates in 1990 with groups in large cities throughout the United States. In some cases, hundreds of skaters would regularly participate, resembling a rolling party. In the late 1990s, the group skate phenomenon spread to Europe and east Asia. The weekly Friday night skate in Paris, France (called Pari Roller[30]) is believed to be one of the largest repeating group skates in the world. At times, it has had as many as 35,000 skaters participating on the boulevards of Paris, on a single night. The Sunday Skate Night in Berlin also attracts over 10,000 skaters during the summer, and Copenhagen, Munich, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Buenos Aires, London, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and Tokyo host other popular events. Charity skates in Paris have attracted 50,000 participants (the yearly Paris-Versailles skate). The current Official Guinness World Record holder is Nightskating Warszawa (Poland) in number of 4013 participants from 19 June 2014, but their real record from 25 April 2015, is 7303 participants and over 38 000 skaters total in 10 events in season 2015....

Roller hockey
Main article: Roller hockey

Roller hockey is the overarching name for variants of hockey played on quad or inline skates. Quad hockey (also called rink hockey, hardball hockey, or simply roller hockey) has been played since the 19th century. It is played in many countries worldwide and was a demonstration rollersport in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Other variations include inline hockey and inline skater hockey.
Roller derby
Main article: Roller derby

Roller derby is a team sport played on roller skates on an oval track. Originally a trademarked product developed out of speed skating demonstrations, the sport underwent a revival in the early 2000s as a grass-roots-driven, five-a-side sport played mainly by women.[31] Most roller derby leagues adopt the rules and guidelines set by the Women's Flat Track Derby Association or its open gender counterpart, Men's Roller Derby Association, but there are leagues that play on a banked track, as the sport was originally played from the 1930s." (wikipedia)

"Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues[note 1] worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.[2]

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams. Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring....

In the ensuing decades, however, it predominantly became a form of sports entertainment, where theatrical elements overshadowed athleticism. Gratuitous showmanship largely ended with the sport's grassroots revival in the first decade of the 21st century.[5] Although roller derby retains some sports entertainment qualities such as player pseudonyms and colorful uniforms, it has abandoned scripted bouts with predetermined winners.[6]

Modern roller derby is an international sport, mostly played by amateurs. It was under consideration as a roller sport for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[7][8][9] Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS), recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the official international governing body of roller sports, released its first set of Roller Derby Rules for the World Roller Games, organised by World Skate, that took place September 2017 in Nanjing, China. Most modern leagues (and their back-office volunteers) share a strong "do-it-yourself" ethic[10] that combines athleticism with the styles of punk and camp.[11] As of 2020, the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) had 451 full member leagues and 46 apprentice leagues[12] and the Roller Derby Coalition of Leagues (RDCL) supporting women's banked track roller derby had eight full member leagues....

Equipment

Players skate on four-wheeled ("quad") roller skates,[1]: 11 and are required to wear protective equipment, including a helmet, wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads, and mouth guards. All current sets of roller derby rules explicitly forbid inline skates for players. (USARS requires quad skates for all skaters. WFTDA and MRDA permit inline skates for referees, but virtually all referees wear quad skates.) Individual teams may mandate additional gear, such as padded knee length pants, similar to what aggressive skateboarders wear, and sex-specific gear such as a hard-case sports bra and protective cups....

Television

On November 29, 1948, before television viewership was widespread, Roller Derby debuted on New York television.[46]: 89 The broadcasts increased spectator turnout for live matches.[47] For the 1949–1950 season, Seltzer formed the National Roller Derby League (NRDL), comprising six teams.[48][46]: 95 NRDL season playoffs sold out Madison Square Garden for a week.[48] During the late 1950s and 1960s, the sport was broadcast on several networks, but attendance declined. Jerry Seltzer (Leo's son), the Roller Derby "commissioner", hoped to use television to expand the live spectator base. He adapted the sport for television by developing scripted story lines and rules designed to improve television appeal, but derby's popularity had declined.[46]

1989 saw the debut of RollerGames, an even more theatrical variant of roller derby for national audiences. It used a figure-8 track and rules adapted for this track. Bill Griffiths, Sr. served as commissioner while his son, Bill Griffiths, Jr., managed the L.A. T-Birds, who (according to the storyline) were seeking revenge on the Violators (led by Skull) for cheating in the Commissioner's Cup. The other teams included the Maniacs (led by Guru Drew), Bad Attitude (led by Ms. Georgia Hase), the Rockers (led by DJ Terringo and consisting of skaters who were also professional rock and roll musicians), and Hot Flash (led by Juan Valdez Lopez). It ran one season, because some of its syndicators went bankrupt.

In 1999, TNN debuted RollerJam, which used the classic rules and banked oval track, but allowed inline skates (although some skaters wore traditional quad skates). Jerry Seltzer was commissioner for this version. ...

Many roller derby leagues are amateur, self-organized and all-female[69] and were formed in a do-it-yourself spirit by relatively new enthusiasts.[70] In many leagues (especially in the U.S.), a punk[71][72] aesthetic and/or third-wave feminist[73] ethic is prominent.[74] Members of fledgling leagues often practice and strategize together, regardless of team affiliation, between bouts.[75] Most compete on flat tracks, though several leagues skate on banked tracks, with more in the planning stages.[76]

Each league typically features local teams in public bouts that are popular with a diverse fan base.[77] Some venues host audiences ranging up to 7,000.[78] Successful local leagues have formed traveling teams comprising the league's best players to compete with comparable teams from other cities and regions. In February 2012, the International Olympic Committee considered roller derby, amongst eight other sports, for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games.[79][80]

In 2009, the feature film Whip It featured roller derby and introduced a wider audience to the sport. The WFTDA encouraged leagues to coordinate with promotions during the film's release to increase awareness of the leagues." (wikipedia)