Very good condition.

APPLETONS'

FERTY OF

AMERICAN STANDARD GEOGRAPHIES

PUBLIC D

BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE OF EDUCATION, AND GIVING SPECIAL PROMINENCE

TO THE INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND PRACTICAL FEATURES PENN

ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY

"Our lessons should start from the concrete, and end in the abstract."

"Perceptive knowledge should be made the basis of primary instruction. Objects should precede names."

D.

NEW YORK, BOSTON, AND CHICAGO

APPLETON AND COMPANY

----------- 2 -----------

UNITED STATES,

NEW ENGLAND STATES,

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES,

SOUTHERN STATES,

CENTRAL AND NORTH CENTRAL STATES,

PACIFIC AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES AND TER-

RITORIES,

LIST OF MAPS.

NORTH AMERICA,

DOMINION OF CANADA,

CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES,

SOUTH AMERICA,

COPYRIGHT BY D APPI ETON

EUROPE,

BRITISH ISLES,

AFRICA, .

ASIA,

OCEANIA,

WESTERN HEMISPHERE,

EASTERN HEMISPHERE,

In the pronunciation given with proper names, sound a like a in sofa; à like a in bat; è like e in get;

like i in pin; 6 like o in for; oo like oo in wool; ou like ow in cow; g like g in get.

97

----------- 3 -----------

I. DIRECTION.

For the pupil to read.

THE time has come when we are to learn some-

thing about the world.

We are going to visit

new places, where we shall find many things to

We start from the school-room.

interest us.

The school-room has different parts. The ceil-

ing is overhead.

The floor is beneath our feet.

A wall is on each side of us. Before us is one

end of the room, behind us is the other end.

Which way is each of these parts from us? The

ceiling is up, the floor is down. A bird flies.

from the ground; a man falls from a ladder.

We call one of our hands the right hand, and

the other the left. The wall which is on the same

side as our right hand is on our right. The wall

on the same side as our left hand is on our

As we sit or stand, we face in a certain way. F

The end of the room that we face is in front of

us, the opposite end is back of us.

To go home from school, we must know which

way to go. To direct a person to a certain place,

we must tell him the Direction he must take;

that is, which way he must go.

Up and down, right and left, front and back,

imply certain directions. There are other names

of directions that are used to denote which way

one thing is from another.