Penelope Delta 1874, Alexandria, Khedivate of Egypt – 2 May 1941, Athens, Greece) was a Greek author. She is widely celebrated for her
contributions to the field of children's literature. Her historical novels have been widely read and have influenced popular
modern Greek perceptions of national identity and history. Through her
long-time association with Ion Dragoumis, Delta was thrust into the middle of turbulent early-20th-century
Greek politics, ranging from the Macedonian Struggle to the National Schism.
Delta
moved to Frankfurt, Germany in
1906. Her husband had chosen to relocate in order to manage the offices of the
Khoremis-Benakis cotton business. Her first novel, Gia tēn Patrida (For
the Sake of the Fatherland) was published in 1909. The novel is set during
the Byzantine epoch.
It was during this time that Delta had started to correspond with the
historian Gustave
Schlumberger, a renowned specialist on the Byzantine Empire. Their
continued interaction provided the material for her second novel, Ton
Kairo tou Voulgaroktonou (In the Years of the Bulgar-Slayer) set
during the reign of the Emperor Basil II.The Goudi
Pronunciamento in 1909 inspired her third novel, Paramythi
Hōris Onoma (A Tale with No Name), published in 1911.
In
1913 the Deltas returned to Alexandria yet again, and in 1916, settled
permanently in Athens. At this time, her father, Emmanuel Benakis, had been
elected Mayor. They
soon became close friends with Eleftherios
Venizelos, whom they entertained regularly at their opulent mansion
in the northern suburb of Kifisia. Penelope's
father had been a political associate of Venizelos since his move to Athens in
1910, and had served as Finance Minister in the first Venizelos administration.
Her
long correspondence with Bishop
Chrysanthos, Metropolitan of Trebizond, provided the material for her
1925 book, The Life of Christ. In 1925, she was diagnosed
with polio. In 1927, she started writing the
trilogy Rōmiopoules (Young Greek Girls), a
thinly-veiled autobiography, which she did not finish until 1939. Set in
Athens, the first part, To Xypnēma (The Awakening)
covers the events from 1895 to 1907, the second part Hē Lavra (The
Heat) covers 1907 to 1909, and the final part, To Souroupo (The
Dusk), covers 1914 to 1920. Her personal acquaintance with the political
events of this tumultuous era provided her with the materials for a convincing
and detailed account. Her father was almost executed for treason by the
Royalist Party. Ion Dragoumis was assassinated by Venizelos sympathizers in
1920. Following the death of Dragoumis, Delta would appear in nothing but
black.
In
the meantime she published her three major novels: Trellantōnēs (Crazy
Anthony; 1932), which detailed her mischievous elder brother's Antonis Benakis childhood adventures
in late 19th century Alexandria, Mangas (1935), which was
about the not dissimilar adventures of the family's fox terrier dog, and Ta
Mystika tou Valtou (The Secrets of the Swamp; 1937), which was
set around Giannitsa Lake in
the early 20th century, while the Greek
struggle for Macedonia was unfolding.
While
Penelope Delta received credit for transcribing the memories of that particular
war, the actual narratives were collected in 1932–1935 by her secretary
Antigone Bellou Threpsiadi - herself a daughter of a Macedonian fighter.
During
the daytime, Delta famously forbade her grandchildren from visiting her while
writing. She would, however, spend the entire evening with family. It is said
that in lieu of bedtime stories, Delta would read to them whatever she had
managed to produce during the day.
During
the final year of her life, in the midst of advancing paralysis, she received
the diaries and archives of her lost love, Ion Dragoumis. These particular
documents had been entrusted to her by Ion's brother, Philip. She managed to
dictate approximately 1000 pages of commentary on Dragoumis' work, before
deciding to take her own life. She committed suicide by taking poison on 27
April 1941, on the very day which Wehrmacht troops entered into Athens. She
died on 2 May 1941. At her request she was interred in the garden of the
stately Delta mansion in Kifissia. Chrysanthos,
the then Archbishop of
Athens, officiated at the funeral. On her grave, in the garden of
her house, the word σιωπή, siōpē ("silence") was
engraved.