This tool belong to a family member who worked for Boeing for several years. I do not know the history of it or what exactly it does.
The bottom piece where the collets go pushes up and I’m assuming it’s under spring pressure as it comes back down.
These are the parts that come with it. I have just listed the five digit number for them. Three of them have two each and it appears some have not been used.
15239, 15240, 15241, 15273, 15274, 15286, 15275, 15276.
15277 (2), 15295 (2), 20870 (2)