SCARCE LESCHINSKY UNIVERSITY MICHIGAN WOLVERINES TRACK PHOTO VINTAGE 1926 measuring APPROX 4 X 6 3/8 INCHES
The 1977–78 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Bobby Knight, who was in his 7th year. The team played its home games in Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.
The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 21–8 and a conference record of 12–6, finishing 2nd in the Big Ten Conference. After missing out on the NCAA Tournament last season, Indiana was invited to participate in the 1978 NCAA Tournament, where Bobby Knight and the Hoosiers advanced to the Sweet Sixteen.[1]
Roster
No. Name Position Ht. Year Hometown
20 Bill Cunningham G 6–4 So. Phoenix, Illinois
22 Wayne Radford G/F 6–3 Sr. Indianapolis, Indiana
23 Jim Wisman G 6–2 Sr. Quincy, Illinois
25 Tommy Baker G 6–2 Fr. Jeffersonville, Indiana
31 Scott Eells F 6–9 Jr. Hoopeston, Illinois
33 Eric Kirchner F 6–7 Fr. Edelstein, Illinois
34 Steve Risley F 6–8 Fr. Indianapolis, Indiana
40 Glen Grunwald F 6–9 So. Franklin Park, Illinois
41 Butch Carter G/F 6–5 So. Middletown, Ohio
42 Mike Woodson F 6–5 So. Indianapolis, Indiana
43 Jim Roberson C 6–9 Jr. Rochester, New York
44 Phil Isenbarger F 6–8 Fr. Muncie, Indiana
45 Ray Tolbert F/C 6–9 Fr. Anderson, Indiana
Schedule/Results
Date
time, TV Rank# Opponent# Result Record Site
city, state
Regular Season
11/26/1977*
East Carolina W 77–59 1–0
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
12/5/1977*
at No. 1 Kentucky
Indiana–Kentucky rivalry L 64–78 1–1
Rupp Arena
Lexington, Kentucky
12/10/1977*
Murray State W 85–61 2–1
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
12/14/1977*
No. 2 Notre Dame W 67–66 3–1
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
12/17/1977*
vs. SMU W 56–51 4–1
Market Square Arena
Indianapolis
12/20/1977*
Bowling Green State
Indiana Classic W 89–52 5–1
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
12/21/1977*
No. 18 Alabama
Indiana Classic W 66–57 6–1
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
12/27/1977*
No. 15 vs. Jacksonville
Gator Bowl Classic W 69–59 7–1
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida
12/28/1977*
No. 15 vs. Florida Gators
Gator Bowl Classic W 73–60 8–1
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida
1/5/1978
No. 11 Iowa W 69–51 9–1 (1–0)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
1/7/1978
No. 11 Illinois
Rivalry L 64–65 9–2 (1–1)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
1/12/1978
No. 18 at Minnesota L 62–75 9–3 (1–2)
Williams Arena
Minneapolis
1/14/1978
No. 18 at Wisconsin L 65–78 9–4 (1–3)
Wisconsin Field House
Madison, Wisconsin
1/19/1978
Ohio State W 77–63 10–4 (2–3)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
1/21/1978
at Purdue
Rivalry L 67–77 10–5 (2–4)
Mackey Arena
West Lafayette, Indiana
1/26/1978
at Michigan L 73–92 10–6 (2–5)
Crisler Arena
Ann Arbor, Michigan
1/28/1978
No. 7 Michigan State W 71–66 11–6 (3–5)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
2/2/1978
at Northwestern W 86–70 12–6 (4–5)
Welsh-Ryan Arena
Evanston, Illinois
2/4/1978
at No. 7 Michigan State L 59–68 12–7 (4–6)
Jenison Fieldhouse
East Lansing, Michigan
2/9/1978
Purdue
Rivalry W 65–64 13–7 (5–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
2/11/1978
Northwestern W 86–62 14–7 (6–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
2/16/1978
at Ohio State W 83–70 15–7 (7–6)
St. John Arena
Columbus, Ohio
2/18/1978
Michigan W 71–59 16–7 (8–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
2/23/1978
Wisconsin W 58–54 17–7 (9–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
2/25/1978
No. 19 Minnesota W 68–47 18–7 (10–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana
3/2/1978
at Illinois
Rivalry W 77–68 19–7 (11–6)
Assembly Hall
Champaign, Illinois
3/4/1978
at Iowa W 71–55 20–7 (12–6)
Iowa Field House
Iowa, Iowa
NCAA Tournament
3/12/1978*
No. (1) vs. No. (3) Furman
Quarterfinals W 63–62 21–7 (12–6)
Charlotte Coliseum
Charlotte, North Carolina
3/17/1978*
No. 13 (1) vs. No. (2) Villanova
Sweet Sixteen L 60–61 21–8 (12–6)
Providence Civic Center
Providence, Rhode Island
*Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
The 1976–77 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Bobby Knight, who was in his 6th year. The team played its home games in Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.
Coming off an undefeated season (32–0), the Hoosiers faced a disappointing season by completing the regular season with an overall record of 16–11 and a conference record of 11–7, finishing 4th in the Big Ten Conference. After winning their third national title last season, Indiana did not participate in any postseason tournament.[1]
Roster
No. Name Position Ht. Year Hometown
20 Bill Cunningham G 6–4 Fr. Phoenix, Illinois
22 Wayne Radford G/F 6–3 Jr. Indianapolis, Indiana
23 Jim Wisman G 6–2 Jr. Quincy, Illinois
31 Scott Eells F 6–9 So. Hoopeston, Illinois
33 Trent Smock G/F 6–5 Sr. Richmond, Indiana
34 Rich Valavicius F 6–5 So. Hammond, Indiana
40 Glen Grunwald F 6–9 Fr. Franklin Park, Illinois
41 Butch Carter G/F 6–5 Fr. Middletown, Ohio
42 Mike Woodson F 6–5 Fr. Indianapolis, Indiana
43 Jim Roberson C 6–9 So. Rochester, New York
44 Derek Holcomb C 6–11 Fr. Peoria, Illinois
45 Mike Miday F 6–8 Fr. Canton, Ohio
54 Kent Benson C 6–11 Sr. New Castle, Indiana
Schedule/Results
Date
time, TV Rank# Opponent# Result Record Site
city, state
Regular Season
11/27/1976*
No. 5 South Dakota W 110–64 1–0
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
12/1/1976*
No. 4 at Toledo L 57–59 1–1
Centennial Hall
Toledo, OH
12/6/1976*
No. 4 No. 5 Kentucky
Indiana–Kentucky rivalry L 51–66 1–2
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
12/14/1976*
No. 16 at No. 4 Notre Dame L 65–78 1–3
Joyce Center
Notre Dame, IN
12/17/1976*
No. 16 vs. DePaul W 50–42 2–3
Market Square Arena
Indianapolis, IN
12/20/1976*
No. 16 Utah State
Indiana Classic W 79–71 3–3
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
12/21/1976*
Miami (OH)
Indiana Classic W 76–55 4–3
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
12/29/1976*
vs. Georgia
Sugar Bowl Classic First Round W 74–52 5–3
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, LA
12/30/1976*
vs. No. 5 Cincinnati
Sugar Bowl Classic Championship L 43–52 5–4
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, LA
1/6/1977
Purdue
Rivalry L 63–80 5–5 (0–1)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
1/8/1977
Illinois
Rivalry W 80–60 6–5 (1–1)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
1/13/1977
at Northwestern W 78–53 7–5 (2–1)
Welsh-Ryan Arena
Evanston, IL
1/15/1977
at Wisconsin W 79–64 8–5 (3–1)
Wisconsin Field House
Madison, WI
1/17/1977
Michigan State L 60–61 8–6 (3–2)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
1/22/1977
at Ohio State W 79–56 9–6 (4–2)
St. John Arena
Columbus, OH
1/27/1977
No. 13 Minnesota L 60–79^ 10–6 (5–2)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
1/29/1977
Iowa W 81–65 11–6 (6–2)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
2/3/1977
at No. 7 Michigan L 84–89 11–7 (6–3)
Crisler Arena
Ann Arbor, MI
2/5/1977
at Michigan State W 81–79 12–7 (7–3)
Jenison Fieldhouse
East Lansing, MI
2/13/1977
No. 5 Michigan W 73–64 13–7 (8–3)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
2/15/1977
at No. 12 Minnesota L 61–65^ 14–7 (9–3)
Williams Arena
Minneapolis, MN
2/17/1977
at Illinois
Rivalry L 69–73 14–8 (9–4)
Assembly Hall
Champaign, IL
2/20/1977
at Purdue
Rivalry L 78–86 14–9 (9–5)
Mackey Arena
West Lafayette, IN
2/24/1977
Wisconsin L 64–66 14–10 (9–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
2/26/1977
Northwestern W 69–54 15–10 (10–6)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
2/28/1977
at Iowa L 73–80 15–11 (10–7)
Iowa Field House
Iowa City, IA
3/5/1977
Ohio State W 75–69 16–11 (11–7)
Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN
*Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
Notes
^Jan 27/Feb 15: Minnesota forfeited these games, thus IU's official record is 16–11 (11–7).
Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, Indiana University, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. It is the flagship campus of Indiana University and its largest campus with over 40,000 students.[8][9] Established as the state's seminary in 1820, the name was changed to "Indiana College" in 1829 and to "Indiana University" in 1838.
Indiana University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[10] Its schools and programs include the Jacobs School of Music, Kelley School of Business, School of Education, Luddy School of Informatics, O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, Hutton Honors College, and Maurer School of Law.[11] The campus also features the Lilly Library, Eskenazi Museum of Art, and the Indiana Memorial Union.
Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers. The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference. Since it does not have a mascot, all teams are known simply as "Hoosiers". The Indiana Hoosiers have won 24 NCAA national championships and one Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) national championship, in addition to 145 NCAA individual national championships. Titles won by teams include eight by the Hoosiers men's soccer team, a record-setting six straight in men's swimming and diving, five by the Hoosiers men's basketball team, three in men's cross country, one in men's track and field, and one in wrestling.
History
Early years
Indiana's state government in Corydon established Indiana University on January 20, 1820, as the "State Seminary."[12] Construction began in 1822 at what is now called Seminary Square Park near the intersection of Second Street and College Avenue. Classes began on April 4, 1825.[13] The first professor was Baynard Rush Hall, a Presbyterian minister who taught all of the classes in 1825–27. In the first year, he taught twelve students and was paid $250. Hall was a classicist who focused on Greek and Latin and believed that the study of classical philosophy and languages formed the basis of the best education.[14] The first class graduated in 1830. From 1820 to 1889 a legal-political battle was fought between IU and Vincennes University as to which was the legitimate state university.[15][16]
The Sample Gates
The Sample Gates, the main entrance to the Indiana University Bloomington Campus
In 1829, Andrew Wylie became the first president, serving until his death in 1851. The school's name was changed to "Indiana College" in 1829, and to "Indiana University" in 1838.[17] Wylie and David Maxwell, president of the board of trustees, were devout Presbyterians. They spoke of the nonsectarian status of the school but generally hired fellow Presbyterians. Presidents and professors were expected to set a moral example for their charges. After six ministers in a row, the first non-clergyman to become president was the young biology professor David Starr Jordan, in 1885.[18] Jordan followed Baptist theologian Lemuel Moss, who resigned after a scandal broke regarding his involvement with a female professor.
Jordan (president 1884–1891) improved the university's finances and public image, doubled its enrollment, and instituted an elective system along the lines of his alma mater, Cornell University.[19] Jordan became president of Stanford University in June 1891.[20]
The growth of the institution was slow. In 1851, IU had nearly a hundred students and seven professors. IU admitted its first woman student, Sarah Parke Morrison, in 1867, making IU the fourth public university to admit women on an equal basis with men. [citation needed]Morrison went on to become the first female professor at IU in 1873. [citation needed]
Mathematician Joseph Swain was IU's first Hoosier-born president, 1893 to 1902. He established Kirkwood Hall in 1894; a gymnasium for men in 1896, which later was named Assembly Hall; and Kirkwood Observatory in 1900. He began construction for Science Hall in 1901. During his presidency, student enrollment increased from 524 to 1,285.[21][22]
Morrison Hall in June 1942
In 1883, IU awarded its first PhD and played its first intercollegiate sport (baseball), prefiguring the school's future status as a major research institution and a power in collegiate athletics. But another incident that year was of more immediate concern: the original campus in Seminary Square burned to the ground. The college was rebuilt between 1884 and 1908 at the far eastern edge of Bloomington. (Today, the city has expanded eastward, and the "new" campus is once again in the midst of the city.) One challenge was that Bloomington's limited water supply was inadequate for its population of 12,000 and could not handle university expansion. The university commissioned a study that led to building a reservoir for its use.[23]
20th century
In 1902, IU enrolled 1203 undergraduates; all but 65 were Hoosiers. There were 82 graduate students including ten from out-of-state. The curriculum emphasized the classics, as befitted a gentleman, and stood in contrast to the service-oriented curriculum at Purdue University, which presented itself as of direct benefit to farmers, industrialists, and businessmen.[24]
The first extension office of IU was opened in Indianapolis in 1916. In 1920/1921 the School of Music and the School of Commerce and Finance (what later became the Kelley School of Business) were opened. In the 1940s Indiana University opened extension campuses in Kokomo and Fort Wayne. The Kinsey Institute for sexual research was established in 1945.
During the Great Depression, Indiana University fared much better than most state schools thanks to the entrepreneurship of its young president Herman Wells. He collaborated with Frederick L. Hovde, the president of Purdue; together they approached the Indiana delegation to Congress, indicating their highest priorities. For Wells, it was to build a world-class music school, replacing dilapidated facilities. As a result of these efforts, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) built one of the finest facilities in the country. He added matching funds from the state legislature and opened a full-scale fund-raising campaign among alumni and the business community. In 1942, Wells reported that "The past five years have been the greatest single period of expansion in the physical plant of the University in its entire history. In this period 15 new buildings have been constructed.[25][26]
In 1960, the IU student body elected Thomas Atkins, an African-American from Elkhart, Indiana, to the position of president of the student body. A throng of white students protested the result by parading around campus waving Confederate flags and allegedly blamed Atkins' victory on a "bunch of beatniks." When the protesters approached the female dormitory on campus, they were met with "a barrage of cosmetic bottles, old shoes, and other objects."[27]
21st century
In April 2002, thousands of IU students and staff, along with Bloomington residents, rioted across the university campus before merging into adjacent city blocks after the IU men's basketball team lost the NCAA Basketball championship game to the University of Maryland Terrapins.[28] Rioters caused extensive damage to university buildings and city businesses, and at least 45 people were arrested during the riot.[29][30][31]
In March 2014, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights initiated a federal investigation of Indiana University's Title IX compliance, encompassing more than 450 sexual harassment and violence complaints filed with the university between 2011 and 2015. The complaints involved both students and university staff or faculty. The investigation revealed concerns with timeliness of response, lack of documentation, not preventing retaliation, and the creation of sexually hostile environments at the campus. The investigation further criticized the lack of mandatory sexual harassment, misconduct, and awareness training for staff, as well as the lack of institutional support for its Title IX Coordinator to oversee compliance by the university.[32]
In February 2016, the university's Associate Dean of Students, Director of Student Ethics, and Title IX Deputy Director, Jason Casares, abruptly resigned his position after sexual assault allegations were made against him by Association for Student Conduct Administration president-elect, and New York University Assistant Director of Global Community Standards, Jill Creighton, during a conference in Fort Worth, Texas in December 2015.[33][34][35] The Fort Worth Police Department declined to press charges.[36]
In May 2016, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights initiated another Title IX investigation into Indiana University for failing to hold a university student accountable for an off-campus rape of another student and failing to follow proper Title IX procedures subsequent to the reporting of the incident. The university also charged the victim a dorm-relocation fee after the suspected rapist continued to harass the victim around her dormitory, which also went without intervention by the university. The victim's case was also handled by former Title IX Director, Jason Casares prior to his resignation amidst sexual harassment and misconduct allegations as the university's student ethics director and Title IX deputy director.[37]
In November 2023, Indiana University Student Government treasurer Alex Kaswan and co-director of DEI Makiah Pickett resigned after accusing other student government leadership members of antisemitism and failure to represent the cultural whole of the student body. After learning of the accusations and resignations, U.S. Representative Jim Banks sent a letter to university president Pamela Whitten denouncing such conduct, identifying it as a violation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and threatened the continued federal funding for the university if the conduct was tolerated by the university administration. Accused student body president Aaliyah Raji responded by denouncing both Islamophobia and antisemitism and stating that the student government combats against those issues.[38][39]
Also in November 2023, the university attracted national attention when the university barred a faculty member from teaching after alleging that he improperly assisted the Palestine Solidarity Committee, a student group, in reserving a space on campus.[40] Shortly thereafter, the university's administrators also cancelled a planned art exhibition by Samia Halaby, a Palestinian-American artist.[41] Both of these events occurred after the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attack on Israel and in the wake of national attention on alleged antisemitism on college and university campuses. They also occurred in the midst of changes to Indiana laws that some perceived as attacking academic freedom. In the spring of 2024, the university's faculty voted no confidence in the Indiana University system president, the Bloomington campus's provost and executive vice president, and the Bloomington campus's vice provost for faculty and academic affairs.[42]
In February 2024, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights again initiated a federal investigation of the university in response to a complaint of the violation of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The complaint was filed by Dr. Zachary Marschall and alleged lack of response and complacency by the university administration to an increasing number of anti-Semitic incidents at the campus.[43][44][45] The complaint also led to additional federal investigations at the University of Wisconsin, Northwestern University, and the office is also conducting parallel investigations of Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University, the University of Michigan, and others.[46]
Campus
The Indiana University Bloomington campus of 1,933 acres (7.82 km2) includes abundant green space and historic buildings dating to the university's reconstruction in the late nineteenth century. The campus rests on a bed of Indiana Limestone, specifically Salem Limestone and Harrodsburg Limestone, with outcroppings of St. Louis Limestone.
The "Campus River" is a stream flowing through the center of campus. A section of Bloomington's Clear Creek,[47] it was formerly named the "Jordan River" after David Starr Jordan, Darwinist, ichthyologist, president of IU, and later, of Stanford University.[48] The name was changed, along with several campus buildings, in 2020 by the IU trustees due to Jordan's support of eugenics becoming widely known.[49]
Bloomington was ranked 5th best city for educated millennials by Business Insider.[50] College Ranker listed Bloomington as #6 Best College Town to Live in Forever.[51]
Facilities and architecture
The Old Crescent
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Maxwell Hall
Location Indiana University Campus, Bloomington, Indiana
Area 20 acres (8.1 ha)
Built 1884
Architect Multiple
Architectural style Late Victorian, Gothic, Romanesque
NRHP reference No. 80000028[52]
Added to NRHP September 8, 1980
Rose Well House, 2016
Many of the campus's buildings, especially the older central buildings, are made from Indiana Limestone quarried locally. The Works Progress Administration built much of the campus's core during the Great Depression. Many of the campus's buildings were built and most of its land acquired during the 1950s and 1960s when first soldiers attending under the GI Bill and then the baby boom swelled the university's enrollment from 5,403 in 1940 to 30,368 in 1970. Some buildings on campus underwent similar expansion. As additions were constructed by building onto the outside of existing buildings, exterior surfaces were incorporated into their new interiors, making this expansion visible in the affected buildings' architecture. The Chemistry and Biology buildings serve as examples, where two of the interior walls of the latter's library were clearly constructed as limestone exteriors. The Bryan House is the traditional on-campus home of the university president.
Nine of the oldest buildings are included in a national historic district known as The Old Crescent. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[52] They are the Collegiate Gothic style Student Service Building (1906–1908); Indiana University Museum (1905); Richardsonian Romanesque style Maxwell Building (1890, 1907–1908); Owen Hall (1885); Wylie Hall (1885); Kirkwood Hall (1895); Lindley Hall (1903); Gothic Revival style Rose Well House (1908); and Kirkwood Observatory (1900).[53]
The Sample Gates serve as the entryway to Indiana University's campus and The Old Crescent. It is positioned between Franklin Hall and Bryan Hall.[54] After several failed attempts to create an arched entrance to campus, in 1987, Edson Sample provided funding to build the archway based on the 1961 design proposed by Eggers & Higgins.[55]
The Indiana University Cinema opened in January 2011 in the former University Theatre building, which was built in the 1930s.
The Bloomington campus also has a biology research greenhouse in the Biology Building that is open to the public, one of the highlights of which is a corpse flower (Amorphophallus titanum) named Wally.[56][57] Also on campus, the Kirkwood Observatory is open to the public one day a week.
The 1979 movie Breaking Away was filmed on location in Bloomington and the IU campus. It also featured a reenactment of the annual Little 500 bicycle race. The IU campus also has trails that many utilize for biking and running. The trails in Bloomington and nearby areas total nearly 1,200 miles (1,900 km).
Indiana Memorial Union
Main article: Indiana Memorial Union
The over 500,000-square-foot (46,000 m2) Indiana Memorial Union (IMU) is the second-largest student union in the world. In addition to stores and restaurants, it features an eight-story student activities tower (home to the Indiana University Student Association, Indiana Memorial Union Board, and a variety of other student organizations), a 189-room hotel, a 400-seat theatre, a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) Alumni Hall, 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of meeting space, and a bowling alley. The IMU houses an outstanding collection of Indiana art including artists from Brown County, the Hoosier Group, Richmond Group and others. This collection is the largest public collection of art outside of a museum.
Athletic facilities
See also: Indiana Hoosiers
Sweetheart tree standing in the courtyard of the Chemistry building at Indiana University Bloomington
Indiana University's athletic facilities are located on campus and are grouped in between East 17th Street, Dunn Street and the IN-45/IN-46 bypass. In the 17,000-seat Assembly Hall (home to the IU NCAA basketball team), there are five NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship banners on display. Cook Hall, Memorial Stadium, Mellencamp Pavilion, the Gladstein Fieldhouse, the IU Tennis Center, the Billy Hayes Track and Bill Armstrong Stadium are all also located within the complex.
Indiana University Auditorium
Indiana University Auditorium (IU Auditorium), is a 3,200 seat performing arts venue located at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.[58][59] It is situated in IU's Fine Arts Plaza alongside the Lilly Library and the Eskenazi School of Art, Architecture + Design.[60]
Construction on IU Auditorium began in 1939 as a part of the Federal Works Agency Projects.[61] IU Auditorium officially opened its doors March 22, 1941.[62]
IU Auditorium's Hall of Murals is the home of the Indiana Murals, created by American artist Thomas Hart Benton. 16 of the 22 total panels created are housed at the auditorium.[63]
Today, IU Auditorium presents Broadway touring acts, popular musical artists, comedians, classical musicians and more.[64]
Department of Chemistry
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2022)
The Chemistry Department has had a history at Indiana University since the early days of the institution. Chemistry courses were first added to the curriculum in 1829 by Andrew Wylie, IU president at the time (1829–1851).[65] The first degrees in chemistry were awarded in 1890. The graduate school at Indiana University was not formally established until 1904 but not soon after, a plan for graduate work in chemistry was underway. However, the first PhD in chemistry was not granted until 1921.[66] In 1931, the construction of a new facility explicitly for chemistry began which led to major growth within the department. Some of the department's most acclaimed and prolific faculty came to the university during this time. [according to whom?] A major staple to the department is the famous Sweetheart tree [67] that has stood outside the Chemistry Building since it was built in 1931. Even when a major addition to the building was made in the 1980s, architects decided to preserve the beloved tree and build around it. In the spring of 2018 the university announced the famous sweetheart tree was dying, and removal was scheduled to begin on April 11.
Libraries
Herman B Wells Library, seen from IU Arboretum
The Indiana University Bloomington Library System supports over twenty libraries and provides access to more than 9.9 million books, 800 databases, 60,000 electronic journal titles, and 815,000 ebooks.[68] The system is the 14th largest library in North America by volumes held.[69]
Herman B Wells Library
IU's Herman B Wells Library holds more than 4.6 million volumes.[70] Before a ceremony in June 2005, when it was renamed for IU's former president and chancellor, this building was simply called the Main Library.[71] The architectural firm Eggers & Higgins designed the largely windowless, limestone paneled library, whose construction began in 1966 and was completed in 1969.[72] The building contains eleven floors in the East Tower (research collection) and five floors in the West Tower (the undergraduate core collection). In 2014 the first floors of both towers were renovated and reintroduced as the Learning Commons and Scholars' Commons. The library is also home to Indiana University Press and the University Graduate School. It is the former home of the Information and Library Science Department, which is now hosted by Luddy Hall.
An oft-repeated urban legend holds that the library is sinking because when it was built, engineers failed to take into account the weight of all the books that would occupy the building. An article in the Indiana Daily Student newspaper debunks this myth, stating, among other things, that the building rests on a 94 ft (28.6 m) thick limestone bedrock.[73]
Branch libraries
In addition to IU's main library, the Bloomington Libraries support more than twenty additional libraries:[74]
Archives of African American Music & Culture
Archives of Traditional Music
Black Film Center/Archive
Business/SPEA Information Commons (Library for the Kelley School of Business and the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs)
The Science Library
Education Library, located within the Wendell E. Wright School of Education
LGBTQ+ Library
Indiana Institute on Disability and Community, Center for Disability Information and Referral (CeDIR) Library
Indiana Prevention Resource Center Library
Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive (IULMIA)
Kinsey Institute Library
Jerome Hall Law Library (Library for the Maurer School of Law)
Life Sciences Library (Library for the Biology Department, Medical Sciences Program, and Nursing Program)
Lilly Library (rare books and manuscripts)
Neal-Marshall Black Culture Center Library
Optometry Library
Ostrom Workshop Library
Residential Programs and Services Libraries
Sinor Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies
University Archives and Records Management
William & Gayle Cook Music Library
Wylie House Museum
Black Film Center/Archive
The Black Film Center/Archive (BFC/A), located at Indiana University, was "established in 1981 as a repository of films and related materials by and about African Americans."[75] Professor Phyllis R. Klotman founded the repository when it became apparent that rare and valuable films created by and about African Americans were being lost due to lack of preservation and inadequate resources.[76]
The BFC/A has an extensive collection that includes films on various physical media, posters of numerous sizes for films distributed throughout the world, photographs and film stills, and manuscripts of filmmakers and scholars. Although the materials are not available for circulation or distribution, the archive has rooms for viewing films and utilizing materials.
Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive
The Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive (IULMIA) is one of the largest repositories for educational film and video in the United States.[77][non-primary source needed] Founded in 2009, IULMIA contains over 100,000 items spanning over 80 years of audiovisual history.[78][79] Highlights of its holdings include a collection of over 200 film cameras and projectors, more than 80,000 commercials from the Clio Awards, and approximately 50,000 educational films that Indiana University circulated to classrooms nationwide during the 20th century.[79][80][81]
In 2012, the Moving Image Archive was accepted as a member of the International Federation of Film Archives.[82]
Lilly Library
Lilly Library
Lilly Library
Main article: Lilly Library
The Lilly Library is one of the largest rare book and manuscript libraries in the United States. [non-primary source needed] Founded in 1960 with the collection of Josiah K. Lilly Jr., of Eli Lilly and Company in Indianapolis, the library now contains approximately 400,000 rare books, 6.5 million manuscripts, and 100,000 pieces of sheet music.[83] The library's holdings are particularly strong in British and American history and literature, religious texts, Latin Americana, medicine and science, food and drink, children's literature, fine printing and binding, popular music, medieval and Renaissance manuscripts, and early printing. Notable items in the library's collections include the New Testament of the Gutenberg Bible, a first edition copy of the Book of Mormon, the first printed collection of Shakespeare's works, a pair of the Spock's ears worn by Leonard Nimoy in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, Audubon's Birds of America, one of 25 extant copies of the "First Printing of the Declaration of Independence" (also known as the "Dunlap Broadside") that was printed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, George Washington's letter accepting the presidency of the United States, Abraham Lincoln's desk from his law office, a leaf from the famous, Abraham Lincoln "Sum Book" c. 1824–1826, Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son, the manuscripts of Robert Burns's "Auld Lang Syne", the Boxer Codex, annotated production scripts for Star Trek, J. M. Synge's The Playboy of the Western World, and J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, and typescripts of many of Ian Fleming's James Bond novels. The library also owns the papers of Hollywood directors Orson Welles and John Ford, the poets Sylvia Plath and Ezra Pound, and authors Edith Wharton, Max Eastman and Upton Sinclair. The library is also home to four Academy Awards, donated by alumni. In 2006, the library received a collection of 30,000 mechanical puzzles from Jerry Slocum. The collection will be on permanent display. Special permission is not required to use the collections, and the library has several exhibition galleries that are open to the public.
Within the Lilly Library is the Ruth E. Adomeit collection of miniature books, one of the world's largest.[84] Among the collection are rare miniature books such as "From Morn Till Eve", a miniature book that presents biblical quotations in a devotional form, with one phrase for each morning and evening of a month. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) had listed that, "the only known copy as being in the collection of famed miniature book collector Ruth E. Adomeit",[85] which is now in the Lilly Library.
Fine Arts Library
IU's first Fine Arts Library was established in the late 1930s as part of the Departmental office on the second floor, east wing of the University Library which was then in Franklin Hall. In 1941, two important events occurred: art historian Henry Radford Hope became chairman of the Fine Arts Department in the Fall and the Fine Arts Center was created by remodeling Mitchell Hall Annex. The Fine Arts Library moved into IU Art Museum designed by I.M. Pei in August 1981. This location was closed for renovations to the museum in spring 2017. Most fine arts materials are currently located on the 9th floor of the Herman B Wells Library with the remaining items being located towards the back of the 10th floor.[86]
William and Gayle Cook Music Library
The William and Gayle Cook Music Library, recognized as one of the largest academic music libraries in the world, serves the Jacobs School of Music and the Bloomington Campus of Indiana University. [non-primary source needed] It occupies a four-floor, 55,000 square-foot facility in a wing of the Bess Meshulam Simon Music Library and Recital Center, dedicated in November 1995. The collection comprises over 700,000 cataloged items on 56,733 linear feet of shelves.
The Cook Music Library holds many special collections, including audio and print collections. One notable collection contains items from Leonard Bernstein's compositional studio, including items such as clothing, furniture, recordings, books, and awards.[87]
Residence hall libraries
Residence hall library programs began in the 1930s at Harvard University. By 1978, there were twenty-one institutions with residential library systems.[88] Today, Indiana University has only one of two residential library programs that still operates. Additionally, Indiana University has continued to expand its residential library system, adding the most recent branch in 2017. As of 2018 there were fourteen library branches: Briscoe, Campus View Apartments, Collins LLC, Eigenmann, Forest, Foster, McNutt, Read, Spruce, Teter, Union Street Center, Wells Quad, Wilkie, and Wright.[89] The libraries are open daily while classes are in session. Previously, half of the branches offered only DVDs and CDs. In 2018, the decision was made to have all library branches offer books in addition to movies and games. The libraries hire graduate students in Indiana University's Master of Library Science program to act as center supervisors, who lead a staff of seven student assistants in staffing the libraries each evening. New material is added to the libraries each week, and any student or staff member of Indiana University can check out material using their Crimson Card.
Museums
Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art
Main article: Indiana University Art Museum
IU Art Museum
IU Art Museum
The Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art, formerly known as the Indiana University Art Museum,[90] was established in 1941 and has occupied a building designed by the world-renowned architecture firm I.M. Pei and Partners since 1982. The museum houses a collection of over 40,000 objects and includes works by Claude Monet, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Jackson Pollock. The museum has particular strengths in the art of Africa, Oceania, the Americas, Ancient Greece and Rome, and European Modernism. It also holds a substantial collection of works on paper (prints, drawings, and photographs). The museum routinely has been ranked among the best university art museums in the United States.[91]
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
The IU Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (formerly the Mathers Museum of World Cultures and the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology) consist of an estimated 5 million archaeological artifacts, 30,000 ethnographic objects, 20,000 photographs, and supporting library and archive. The collections represent cultures from each of the world's inhabited continents. These materials have been collected and curated to serve the museum's primary mission as a teaching museum within a university setting. The ethnology collections' strengths include traditional musical instruments, photographs of Native Americans and the Bloomington community, Inupiaq and Yupik Eskimo materials, and Pawnee material culture, among others. The archaeology collections piece together the material remains of cultures from the earliest occupations of North American through to the modern period.
Grunwald Gallery of Art
The Grunwald Gallery of Art, a contemporary art museum hosted by the university.[92] The gallery was established in 1983 as the School of Fina Arts Gallery (SoFA Gallery) in what was formerly University's art museum space when that museum relocated to a new building.[93] The museum exhibits experimental works by emerging and established artists as well as works by faculty and students within the Department of Studio Art. It is located at 1201 East 7th Street. It was named in honor of Indiana University alumnus John A. Grunwald in 2011.[94] He was born in Hungary in 1935, survived the Holocaust, emigrated to the United States in 1950, and graduated with a degree in economics in 1956 from Indiana University where he met his wife Rita.[92] In 2017, the art museum hosted an exhibition on the history of tattoo artistry in Indiana.[95]
Indiana Memorial Union
The Indiana Memorial Union, in addition to hosting many events, holds the largest public collection of art outside a museum. The artwork within the building ranges from priceless sculptures to paintings.
Academics
Admissions
Undergraduate
Undergraduate admissions statistics
2021 entering
class[96]Change vs.
2016
Admit rate 85.0(Neutral increase +6.3)
Yield rate 24.0(Decrease −4.1)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total 1170–1370
(among 39% of FTFs)
ACT Composite 26–32
(among 23% of FTFs)
The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes Indiana University Bloomington as "more selective."[97] For the class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Indiana received 46,548 applications and accepted 39,543 (85.0%). Of those accepted, 9,482 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 24.0%.[96] Indiana's freshman retention rate is 90.3%, with 80.9% going on to graduate within six years.[96]
Of the 39% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1170–1370.[96] Of the 23% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 26 and 32.[96]
Indiana University Bloomington is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 56 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 68 freshman students were National Merit Scholars.[98]
Fall first-time freshman statistics[96][99][100][101][102][103]
Statistic 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Applicants 46,548 44,129 42,902 44,169 41,939 34,646
Admits 39,543 35,469 33,425 33,970 31,878 27,272
Admit rate 85.0 80.4 77.9 76.9 76.0 78.7
Enrolled 9,482 7,928 8,291 8,097 8,001 7,673
Yield rate 24.0 22.4 24.8 23.8 25.1 28.1
ACT composite*
(out of 36) 26–32
(23%†) 24–31
(53%†) 24–31
(57%†) 24–31
(60%†) 25–31
(67%†) 24–30
(67%†)
SAT composite*
(out of 1600) 1170–1370
(39%†) 1130–1340
(77%†) 1160–1350
(76%†) 1150–1360
(75%†) 1140–1350
(67%†) —
* middle 50% range
† percentage of first-time freshmen who chose to submit
Rankings and reputation
Academic rankings
National
ARWU[104] 41–56
Forbes[105] 67
U.S. News & World Report[106] 73
Washington Monthly[107] 72
WSJ/College Pulse[108] 97
Global
ARWU[104] 101–150
QS[109] 355
THE[110] 198
U.S. News & World Report[111] 135
Graduate program national rankings[112]
Indiana University is one of 62 members of the Association of American Universities, an organization of leading North American research universities. It has been called a Public Ivy university.[113]
As of 2022, IU Bloomington's Masters in Public Affairs program is ranked No. 1 in the nation by U.S. News.[114] IU is also ranked No. 1 in Environmental Policy and Management, Nonprofit Management, and Public Finance and Budgeting.[115] The Kelley School of Business at IU, known for being a top-tier business school, was ranked in 2016 as the #1 public undergraduate business program by Bloomberg Businessweek.[116]
The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked IU Bloomington 101–150 in the world and 49–60 nationally in 2017. Additionally, it ranked Indiana University-Bloomington 16th in the world for Business Administration, 7th in the world for Communication, 5th in the world for Public Administration, and 2nd in the world for Library and Information Science. U.S. News ranks IU 26th out of the top public universities in the United States.[117] Forbes ranks IU 20th out of Public Universities.[118]
Schools and Colleges
Morrison Hall
Morrison Hall
Main article: Academic Structure of Indiana University (Bloomington)
The Office of the Provost oversees the academic programs, research, and policies of 16 schools on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Together, these units offer more than 550 individual degree programs and majors.[119]
College of Arts and Sciences
Student Building
The Student Building, home of the Departments of Anthropology and Geography
The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest of the university's academic divisions and home to more than 40 percent of its undergraduates. Also, the college offers many electives and general education courses for students enrolled in most other schools on campus. There are more than 50 academic departments in the college, encompassing a broad range of disciplines from the traditional (such as anthropology, art, biology, chemistry, classics, English, history, mathematics, philosophy, physics, political science, and psychology) to more modern and specialized areas, including Jewish studies, comparative literature, history and philosophy of science, and international studies. Through the college, IU also offers instruction in over 50 foreign languages, one of the largest language study offerings at any American university. IU is the only university in the nation that offers a degree in Hungarian (although it was done through the Individualized Major Program) and is the first university in the United States to offer a doctorate in Gender Studies.[120] The Department of Geography has highly recognized programs in climate and environmental change, GIS, human-environment interaction, and human geography. Indiana University is also home to the nation's only degree-granting Department of Central Eurasian Studies. The university's catalog at one time boasted that a student could study any language from Akan to Zulu. The college is the parent division for fifteen individual research institutes and is the only academic division within the university to house autonomous schools (The School of Art + Design, The School of Global and International Studies, and the Media School) within it. The college is also home to the Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, the first formally established academic department in folklore at any United States university and the only such department to integrate these two practices into one field. IU also features a world-class cyclotron operated by the Department of Physics. The college also houses IU's Department of Theatre, Drama, and Contemporary Dance which offers a Bachelor of Arts in Theatre, a BFA in Contemporary Dance, a Master of Fine Arts in Acting, Directing, Playwriting or Design/Technology, and a BFA in Musical Theatre. In 2009, professor of political science, Elinor Ostrom became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences since its inception in 1969.
Eskenazi School of Art, Architecture + Design
The School of Art, Architecture + Design houses fourteen different areas in art, architecture, design, and merchandising.
Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies
The SGIS is an international affairs school composed of over 500 students from four academic departments and twenty-one institutes and centers. It also runs the Indiana University Summer Language Workshop (SWSEEL).
The Media School
An exterior shot of Franklin Hall
The Media School's Franklin Hall
The Media School was established on July 1, 2014, bringing together the journalism, communications, and film studies programs at IU.[121] The school falls under the College of Arts and Sciences, and as of September 2023 is headed by Dean David Tolchinsky.[122] Faculty members teach in the areas of communication science, cinema and media studies, media arts and production, and journalism. The Media School offers undergraduate degrees in journalism, media, cinematic arts, and game design. Programs are customizable and contain several options for concentrations and specializations. The school also offers graduate degrees in media and media arts and sciences. A number of minors and certificates are available.
The school is primarily located in Franklin Hall. Franklin is home to many media production facilities, including game design labs, audio/video production equipment checkout, computer labs, and several studios for both visual and audio productions. The Radio-Television Building is an additional part of the school. It holds a film-cutting room, a production lab, and Studio 5, a 2,800-square-foot soundstage equipped with customizable sets and professional lighting and sound technology.
IU Bloomington placed 13th for communication in the 2022 Shanghai Global Ranking of Academic Subjects.[123]
The Media School is home to the Michael I. Arnolt Center for Investigative Journalism,[124] and the Black Film Center & Archive, Center for Documentary Research and Practice. Student media organizations include the Indiana Daily Student, the Student Cinema Guild, WIUX Pure Student Radio, IU Student Television, and the Public Relations Student Society of America.
Hutton Honors College
Hutton Honors College
Main article: Hutton Honors College
Jacobs School of Music
Jacobs School of Music
The Jacobs School of Music
Main article: Jacobs School of Music
Founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Charles Campbell, the Jacobs School of Music focuses on voice, opera, orchestral conducting, and jazz studies. It was ranked No. 1 in the country tied with Juilliard and Eastman School of Music by U.S. News & World Report in 2009.[125] U.S. News has not since published a music school ranking. The Hollywood Reporter ranked the Jacobs School of Music #4 in 2016.[126] Music School Central ranked Jacobs #1 in the nation in 2014.[127]
With more than 1,600 students, the school is one of the largest of its kind in the US and among the largest in the world. The school's facilities, including five buildings in the heart of campus, comprise recital halls, more than 170 practice rooms, choral and instrumental rehearsal rooms, and more than 100 offices and studios. Its faculty has included such notable people as Eileen Farrell, David Effron, János Starker, André Watts, Menahem Pressler, Carol Ann Weaver, Linda Strommen, Abbey Simon, Jorge Bolet, Ray Cramer, David Baker, William Bell, Harvey Phillips, Carol Vaness, Sylvia McNair, Howard Klug, violinist Joshua Bell, conductor Leonard Slatkin, and composer Sven-David Sandström. Notable alumni include Edgar Meyer and soprano Angela Brown. Many alumni have gone on to win Grammys and other music awards.[citation needed]
Kelley School of Business
Main article: Kelley School of Business
The Kelley School of Business (known colloquially as "Kelley" or "The B-School") was founded in 1920 as the university's School of Commerce and Finance. Approximately 6,100 students are enrolled in undergraduate, graduate Accountancy and Information Systems degrees, MBA and PhD programs, and in its online degree program, "Kelley Direct".
In its 2017 rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the undergraduate program tied for 9th in the nation and the MBA program tied for 21st in the U.S., with the online MBA program ranking 3rd.[128]
Business Week ranked the undergraduate program 8th in 2014 (3rd among public schools) and the graduate program 15th in the nation in 2008[129] and fourth among public schools. Also, Business Week gave the undergraduate program an A in teaching and an A+ in career services. In 2016, Business Week ranked the undergraduate program 4th in the nation, #1 among public universities.[130] The 2016 ranking for "Best Undergraduate Business Schools" by Poets & Quants ranked the Kelley School of Business 7th in the nation and 2nd among public schools.[131]
In its 2012 rankings, Poets & Quants also ranked Kelley's MBA program 5th in the nation in producing six Fortune 500 CEOs.[132] In 2017, the Economist ranked the MBA program 17th in the nation, and 22nd in the world. It was ranked 7th in terms of percentage increase from pre-MBA salary.[133]
Kelley partners with the Scotts Miracle-Gro Company to offer Bloomington Brands, a unique work-study program for undergraduates and MBA students. Participating students obtain real-world brand management experience by managing the Osmocote Plant Food brand under contract to Scotts.[134] Kelley also partners with Coca-Cola for a program called Global Business Institute that is available in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia. This is a program that was designed to let select groups of students in participating countries learn about business from the context of American culture.[135]
Maurer School of Law
Maurer School of Law
The main building of the Maurer School of Law
Main article: Indiana University Maurer School of Law
The Maurer School of Law, founded in 1842, is one of the oldest schools on the Bloomington campus. It features a law library recently ranked first in the nation and is situated on the southwest corner of campus. In 2000, then-Chief Justice William Rehnquist presided over a mock trial of King Henry VIII in the school's moot courtroom. In the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, the school was ranked tied for 25th in the nation among law schools.[136] Notable alumni from the School of Law include songwriter Hoagy Carmichael, and vice-chairman of the 9/11 Commission and former congressman Lee H. Hamilton. On December 4, 2008, the school of law was renamed the Michael Maurer School of Law.[137]
School of Education
School of Education
School of Education
Main article: Indiana University School of Education
The School of Education, formerly a part of the College of Arts and Science, has been independent since 1923. One of the largest schools of education in the United States, it was ranked 25th in the nation by U.S. News & World Report in its 2016 rankings.[136] It offers a range of degrees in professional education: a BS in teacher education leading to a teaching license, MS., education specialist (EdS) and doctoral (EdD, PhD) degrees.
Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering
Main article: Indiana University School of Informatics
Lindley Hall
Lindley Hall, former home of the Department of Computer Science
In 1999, the Indiana University School of Informatics was established as an environment for research professors and students to develop new uses for information technology to solve specific problems in areas as diverse as biology, fine arts, and economics.[138] This was the first school of Informatics established in the United States. Informatics is also interested in "how people transform technology, and how technology transforms us."[139] In 2005 the Department of Computer Science moved from the College of Arts and Sciences to the School of Informatics, prompting the school to expand its name to "School of Informatics and Computing".[140] This move merged several faculty, bringing the total core faculty to over 100. In 2015, Indiana University submitted a proposal to the Indiana Commission for Higher Education for the establishment of an Engineering program.[141] Purdue University attempted to block the proposal, but the commission shot them down, passing the proposal unanimously.[142] Following approval, in 2016 the new Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering was established as a part of the School of Informatics and Computing, and its name was again changed, this time to the "School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering," commonly referred to as SICE.[143] Shortly after, IU approved the construction of a $39.8 million new facility to house the rechristened school, named Luddy Hall, after alumnus, Fred Luddy.[144] Luddy Hall opened its doors in January 2018. Informatics also has strong ties with the Media School, Jacobs School of Music, and the Cognitive Science program.
The School is one of a handful that offers degrees in Human–Computer Interaction.[145] The School offers master's degrees in Human–Computer Interaction Design, Music Informatics, Bioinformatics, Chemical Informatics, Security Informatics, Intelligent Systems Engineering, Computer Science, and PhD degrees in Computer Science, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems Engineering. Specialization areas for the PhD in Computer Science include artificial intelligence, databases, distributed systems, formal methods, high-performance computing, programming languages, and security. The Informatics PhD program offers tracks in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, complex systems, human–computer interaction design, logic and mathematical foundations of informatics, music informatics, security informatics, and social informatics.
The School has four departments, namely, Informatics, Intelligent Systems Engineering, Computer Science, and Information and Library Science. The IU Department of Information and Library Science (ILS) was ranked by U.S. News & World Report in 2016 as the 8th best program in the nation.[136] It has also been ranked number 1 in scholarly productivity by a 2006 study published in the journal Library & Information Science Research.[146] ILS is housed on the ground floor of the Wells Library's Western Tower. In April 2012, what was formerly known as the School of Library and Information Science and IU's School of Informatics and Computing began a discussion on a possible merger of the two schools. Indiana University Board of Trustees approved the merger on October 22, 2012. In July 2013, the IU School of Informatics and School of Library and Information and Science merged into a single school: the IU School of Informatics and Computing.[147]
O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs
Main article: O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs
The O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs (or SPEA) is the largest school of its kind in the United States. Founded in 1972, SPEA is known for its distinctive interdisciplinary approach. It brings together the social, natural, behavioral, and administrative sciences in one faculty. SPEA has a sister "core" campus at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (or IUPUI) and an affiliate program is operated at Indiana University's Gary campus.
In their 2016 rankings, U.S. News & World Report rated SPEA ranked tied for first in the nation, with five of its programs ranked in the top 10: environmental policy and management 1st, nonprofit management and leadership 1st, public finance and budgeting 1st, public management administration 3rd, and public policy analysis 7th.[148] Similar rankings do not yet exist for graduate schools of environmental science or undergraduate schools in either public affairs or environmental science. According to the 2020 Shanghai Global Academic Ranking of Subjects, SPEA is the second most highly ranked institution in the world for public administration.[149] Also in 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked SPEA's MPA program #1 in the country.[150]
SPEA is the headquarters of the Public Administration Review, the premier journal of public administration research, theory, and practice. SPEA is also home to the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, the Journal of Public Budgeting and Finance and Small Business Economics.
SPEA has more than a dozen joint programs in social and natural sciences and professional fields. Popular majors include nonprofit management and leadership, public policy, public finance, and arts administration. SPEA alumni include radio and television host Tavis Smiley and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill. Among SPEA's faculty was Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics. She was named by Time Magazine one of the 100 most influential people in the United States.
School of Public Health-Bloomington
Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington
Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington
Main article: Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington
Established in 2012[151] the school and programs have grown to encompass a broad spectrum of academic interests and professional fields. The school was founded in 1946 as the School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. It transitioned into the School of Public Health-Bloomington and was renamed in September 2012.[152][153] It was accredited by the Council on Education in Public Health in June 2015.[154]
The school has nearly 3,000 students and 24,000 living alumni, with undergraduate and advanced degree programs offered through five academic departments: Applied Health Science, Environmental Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kinesiology, and Recreation, Park, & Tourism Studies.[155] The Division of Campus Recreational Sports within the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington provides sport and fitness opportunities for the IU community and the public.[156]
The school has numerous centers, institutes, and specialized laboratories, including the Center for Sexual Health Promotion, the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, the National Center on Accessibility, the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, among others.[157]
The school's resources include more than 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of research and teaching laboratories, and nearly 275,000 square feet (25,500 m2) of indoor and outdoor sport and fitness facilities, including recreation centers, aquatics centers, and acreage that includes Bradford Woods.
School of Social Work
The Indiana University School of Social Work was founded in 1911 as the Department of Social Service, thus making it the oldest professional social work education program begun and still functioning as a part of a university. In July 2007, the Indiana University Division of Labor Studies merged with the School of Social Work.[158]
Department of Labor Studies: the Department of Labor Studies, a unit housed within the School of Social Work, was founded in the 1940s during the tenure of Herman B Wells in response to the growing role of organized labor in American society. Today, the Division is one of only several degree-granting programs in the nation for the area of labor studies or industrial relations. Notable faculty in recent years have included Leonard Page, General Counsel for the National Labor Relations Board during the Clinton Administration, and labor economist/author Michael Yates.
School of Medicine–Bloomington
Main article: Indiana University School of Medicine
The Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) traces its roots to Bloomington, being founded there in 1903 by president William Lowe Bryan. Initially, only the first two years of medical education were offered there. Students were required to take the final two years at a separate, private medical school in Indianapolis, the State College of Physicians and Surgeons, with a doctor of medicine degree conferred by IU at the end of their education.[159] The School of Medicine's main campus moved to Indianapolis in 1908 following the resolution of a dispute with the School of Medicine of Purdue University over which school had the legal authority to establish a medical school there.[159] After this, students could complete all four years at the main campus in Indianapolis or remain in Bloomington for their first two years.[159]
The Bloomington medical school building was constructed in 1937 using funds from the WPA.[160] In 1958 the VanNuys medical science building was completed in Indianapolis, and all medical education was moved there.[161] The Bloomington medical science building was thus renamed as Myers Hall, in honor of medical school dean Burton D. Myers.[162] Not wanting it to go unused, president Herman B. Wells established a program that combined the first two years of medical education with a master's or PhD.[163] About half of the Bloomington medical school faculty moved, with the remaining half forming the Department of Anatomy and Physiology at IU Bloomington.[163]
In the early 1960s, a projected shortage of American physicians spurred some state legislators to call for the creation of a second state medical school.[163] Rather than face competition, IU proposed the creation of a statewide medical school system under its control. Medical education thus resumed at Myers Hall. IU also launched pilot programs in 1968 at Purdue and the University of Notre Dame where students would complete the first two years of medical education before transferring to Indianapolis.[163] IU's proposal was accepted by the state legislature in 1971, and by 1981 eight regional campuses of IUSM were offering at least the first year of medical education. By 1990 every regional campus was offering the first two years, and because of Bloomington's resources, it was able to admit twice the number of students as the next largest regional site.[163]
In 2002 IUSM–Bloomington traded spaces with the Indiana Molecular Biology Institute in response to both institutions' growing needs, with the school relocating to a modified space in the basement of Jordan Hall, now known simply as the Biology Building.[162][164]
Due to another call for physicians in the early 2000s, IUSM began expanding medical instruction on its regional campuses to include all four years. By 2014 the process was complete.[163]
In 2021 IUSM–Bloomington, the Bloomington campuses of the School of Nursing and the School of Social Work, and the IU Bloomington Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences moved into the newly constructed Health Sciences Building, a part of the Regional Academic Health Center (the RAHC, pronounced "rack").[163] The RAHC also houses IU Health Bloomington Hospital. The RAHC is located northeast of campus, at the corner of East Discovery Parkway and State Road 45.
School of Nursing
Main article: Indiana University School of Nursing
The Indiana University Training School for Nurses was established in Indianapolis in 1914 in conjunction with the establishment of the Robert W. Long Hospital and in association with the IU School of Medicine to offer training leading to a nursing diploma. It was renamed the IU School of Nursing in 1956.[165] In the 1930s a Division of Nursing Education under the IU School of Education was created on the Bloomington campus to offer additional training to nursing students seeking BS; an MS degree program was added in 1945.[166] Today, the School of Nursing is located at several of the IU campuses, with Indianapolis and Bloomington being the main locations. As of 2017 its degree programs include a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, and two doctoral degrees: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Doctor of Philosophy in nursing (PhD).[167]
The National League for Nursing has recognized the School as a Center of Excellence in two categories simultaneously for creating environments that: Promote the Pedagogical Expertise of Faculty and Creating Environments (effective 2006–22) and Advance the Science of Nursing Education (effective 2012–21).[168] The IU School of Nursing ranks eighth among public universities who receive funding from the National Institutes of Health. Almost forty percent of the baccalaureate-prepared professional nurses in Indiana graduate from the IU School of Nursing each year.[citation needed] In 2017 the U.S. News & World Report ranked the IU School of Nursing twenty-eighth for its master's degree program and twenty-third for its Doctor of Nursing Practice degree among U.S. colleges and universities; its online graduate program ranked thirty-ninth.[169]
School of Optometry
School of Optometry
The main building of the School of Optometry
The Indiana University School of Optometry was founded in 1951. The school became a degree-granting institution of its own in 1975. Located at the southwest border of campus the Doctor of Optometry (OD) program admits on average 70–80 students per year.
The school operates a 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) community eye care clinic in Bloomington and a clinic in Indianapolis. In addition to providing optometric education, the facility also houses the Borish Center for Ophthalmic Research, officially dedicated in October 1995. The Borish Center provides opportunities for undergraduate, professional, and graduate students to participate directly in vision research.
University Graduate School
In 2007–08, the Graduate and Professional Student Organization partnered with the Graduate to create the Emissaries for Graduate Student Diversity. Emissaries work either towards outreach and enrollment or retention and community building. Outreach and enrollment emissaries inform prospective students about opportunities at IU. They also help them navigate the admissions process. The retention and community building Emissaries act as mentors for current students.[170] The Graduate School has a separate student government (Graduate and Professional Student Government, or GPSG). They collaborate with faculty to help improve the quality of services offered to graduate students attending Indiana University.[171]
Athletics
Main article: Indiana Hoosiers
See also: Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball, Indiana Hoosiers football, and Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer
Basketball players huddle before a game in their candy striped pants.
IU's intercollegiate athletics program has a long tradition in several key sports. From its beginnings with baseball in 1867, the Hoosier athletic program has grown to include over 600 male and female student-athletes on 24 varsity teams boasting one of the nation's best overall records. Sports sponsored by the university include football, men's basketball, women's basketball, cross country and track, softball, baseball, golf, tennis, rowing, volleyball, swimming and diving, and wrestling.
The Hoosiers became a member of the Big Ten Conference on December 1, 1899. The school's national affiliation is with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). National team titles (now totaling 26; 25 NCAA, 1 AIAW) have been won in nine men's sports and one women's sport (tennis), topped by a record-setting six straight men's swimming & diving titles, eight men's soccer crowns and five titles in men's basketball. Indiana University's men's basketball team is one of the most decorated programs in the nation, having won five national championships. Indiana student-athletes have won 133 NCAA individual titles, including 79 in men's swimming and diving and 31 in men's track and field. Also, IU teams have won or shared 157 Big Ten Conference championships.
The IU athletics endowment is $42 million, the largest in the Big Ten.[172] The Varsity Club, which is the fundraising arm of the Athletics Department, drew a record $11.5 million in gifts and pledges in fiscal year 2004–05. Also, overall annual giving has increased by 8.3 percent in the last year and 44.8 percent in the last three years.
In addition to its tradition in intervarsity sports, IU also has many non-varsity sports. Hurling has also become more popular, with the Indiana University Hurling Club becoming the first American national champions in history.[173]
The Statue of Herman B Wells
The statue of Herman B. Wells
A large percentage of the IU student body regularly participates in both formal and/or informal intramural sports, including football, soccer, tennis, basketball, and golf. [citation needed]
Media
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Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[174] Total
White 69%
Hispanic 8%
Asian 7%
Foreign national 6%
Other[a] 5%
Black 5%
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 19%
Affluent[c] 81%
Media outlets of Indiana University include:
WFIU radio – a charter member of the National Public Radio network, WFIU is a public radio station operating out of the Radio and TV Center on the Bloomington, Indiana Campus. Licensed to the Trustees of Indiana University, it is funded by several sources: Indiana University; the Corporation for Public Broadcasting; program underwriting grants from community businesses and organizations; and voluntary contributions from listeners. Programming centers on classical music, national and international news. Other formats include folk music, jazz, comedy, and news & public affairs programming.
WTIU television – a 24-hour public television licensed to Indiana University, operating out of the Radio and TV Center on the Bloomington, Indiana campus. WTIU is a PBS affiliate and carries national and locally produced programming, serving over 20 counties in west and south-central Indiana, including the cities of Bloomington, Bedford, Columbus, and Terre Haute, and the communities of Martinsville, Linton, Bloomfield, Nashville, Spencer, and Seymour. Approximately 175,000 TV households are included in the viewing area, cable and off-air combined.
IUSTV (Indiana University Student television station) – an entirely student-run television station broadcasting to over 12,000 on-campus residents and over 40,000 Bloomington residents via Public-access television. Founded in 2002, IUSTV has quickly grown to be a leading media entity and student organization on campus.
Indiana Daily Student – free daily newspaper fully supported financially through ad sales. Founded in 1867, it has a circulation of over 15,000 and is produced by IU students.
WIUX – an entirely student-run radio station that broadcasts currently on FM 99.1 and via live internet streaming on its website. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week during the fall and spring semesters. Besides playing independent music, the station provides coverage of nine different Indiana University sports teams. The station was established in 1963 under the call letters WQAD. It was granted a low-power FM license in the spring of 2005 and transitioned to FM in early 2006.
Faculty
With over 1,823 full-time faculty members, Indiana University leads the Big Ten public universities in the number of endowed faculty positions, with 333 chairs, professorships, and curators. IUB also reported in fall 2004 that it employed 334 part-time faculty, totaling 1,877 full-time equivalents. Of the full-time faculty, 76% were tenured. Like the student body, IUB's faculty is predominantly white. Of full-time administrators, faculty, and lecturers, 118 (6%) were Asian, 74 (4%) were African-American, 62 (4%) were Hispanic, 5 (0.3%) were Native American, and 1,535 (85%) were "other." More men (62%) than women held academic appointments at the university.
Enrollment statistics
Top 5 Indiana counties by IU enrollment
County 2023 enrollment[175]
Hamilton (Carmel, Fishers, & Noblesville) 3,813
Marion (Indianapolis) 2,883
Monroe (Bloomington) 2,360
Lake (Gary) 1,501
Allen (Fort Wayne) 1,266
Robert Montgomery Knight (October 25, 1940 – November 1, 2023) was an American men's college basketball coach. Often referred to as Bobby Knight and nicknamed "the General", he won 902 NCAA Division I men's basketball games, a record at the time of his retirement and sixth all-time record at the time of his death.[1]
Knight was the head coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 1971 to 2000. He also coached the Texas Tech Red Raiders (2001–2008) and Army Black Knights (1965–1971).[2] He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1991.
While at Army, Knight led the Black Knights to four post-season tournament appearances in six seasons, winning two-thirds of his games along the way. After taking the job at Indiana, his teams won three NCAA championships, one National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship, and 11 Big Ten Conference championships.[3] His 1975–76 team won the 1976 NCAA tournament, and is the last men's team in Division I college basketball to go undefeated during an entire season (32–0). They remain, as of the end of the 2023–24 season, the last team to be undefeated national champions.
Knight sparked controversy with his outspoken nature and his volatility. He once threw a chair across the court during a game and was ejected, was once arrested following a physical confrontation with a police officer,[4] and engaged in verbal conflicts with members of the press.[5] After Knight was accused of choking an Indiana player during practice in an incident that was recorded on video,[6][7] the university instituted a "zero tolerance" policy specifically for Knight. Following a subsequent run-in with a student, Knight was fired in the fall of 2000.[8] He went on to coach at Texas Tech, mostly without incident, from 2001 to 2008. In the seven full seasons that Knight coached the Red Raiders, his teams qualified for a post-season tournament five times. He retired partway through the 2007–2008 season and was replaced by his son Pat Knight at Texas Tech. Knight remains "the object of near fanatical devotion" from many of his former players and Indiana fans.[9]
Knight was also successful on the international stage, winning gold medal at both the 1979 Pan American Games and the 1984 Summer Olympics with the U.S. men's national team, and becoming one of only three basketball coaches to win an NCAA title, an NIT title, and an Olympic gold medal.
In 2008, Knight joined ESPN as a men's college basketball studio analyst during Championship Week and for coverage of the NCAA Tournament.[10] He continued covering college basketball for ESPN through the 2014–15 season.[11]
Knight was one of college basketball's most successful and innovative coaches, having popularized the motion offense. He received national coach of the year honors four times and Big Ten Coach of the Year honors eight times.
Early life and college career
Knight was born on October 25, 1940, in the town of Massillon, Ohio, and grew up in Orrville, Ohio.[6] His father Pat worked for the railroad and his mother Hazel was a school teacher.[12] He began playing organized basketball at Orrville High School.[3]
Knight continued at Ohio State in 1958 when he played for Basketball Hall of Fame coach Fred Taylor.[13][14] Despite being a star player in high school, he played a reserve role as a forward on the 1960 Ohio State Buckeyes team that won the NCAA championship and featured future Hall of Fame players John Havlicek and Jerry Lucas.[15] Knight was also a member of the 1961 and 1962 Buckeyes teams that lost in the finals to the Cincinnati Bearcats.[16]
Due in part to the star power of those Ohio State teams, Knight usually received scant playing time, but that did not prevent him from making an impact. In the 1961 NCAA championship game, Knight came off the bench with 1:41 on the clock and Cincinnati leading Ohio State, 61–59.[17] In the words of then–Ohio State assistant coach Frank Truitt:
Knight got the ball in the left front court and faked a drive into the middle. Then [he] crossed over like he worked on it all his life and drove right in and laid it up. That tied the game for us, and Knight ran clear across the floor like a 100-yard dash sprinter and ran right at me and said, "See there, coach, I should have been in that game a long time ago!"[18]
To which Truitt replied, "Sit down, you hot dog. You're lucky you're even on the floor."[19]
In addition to lettering in basketball at Ohio State, it has been claimed that Knight also lettered in football and baseball;[20] however, the official list of Ohio State football letter earners does not include Knight.[21] Knight graduated with a degree in history and government in 1962.[22]
After graduating from Ohio State University in 1962, he coached junior varsity basketball at Cuyahoga Falls High School in Ohio for one year.[23] Knight then enlisted in the U.S. Army and served on active duty from June 1963 to June 1965 and in the U.S. Army Reserves from June 1965 to May 1969.[24] He conducted initial training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri and was transferred to West Point, New York, in September 1963.[24] He became a private first class.[24]
Coaching career
Army
While in the army, he accepted an assistant coaching position with the Army Black Knights in 1963, where, two years later, he was named head coach at the relatively young age of 24.[25] In six seasons as a head coach at West Point, Knight won 102 games, with his first coming against Worcester Polytechnic Institute.[26] He led Army to four NITs, advancing to the semifinals three times.[27] One of his players was Mike Krzyzewski, who later served as his assistant before becoming a Hall of Fame head coach at Duke.[28] Mike Silliman was another of Knight's players at Army, and Knight was quoted as saying that Silliman was the best player that he had coached.[29]
Mike Krzyzewski and Knight during his tenure at Army
During his tenure at Army, Knight gained a reputation for having an explosive temper.[30] After Army's 66–60 loss to BYU and Hall of Fame coach Stan Watts in the semifinals of the 1966 NIT, Knight completely lost control, kicking lockers and verbally blasting the officials.[31] Embarrassed, he later went to Watts' hotel room and apologized. Watts forgave him, and is quoted as saying, "I want you to know that you're going to be one of the bright young coaches in the country, and it's just a matter of time before you win a national championship."[32]
Knight was one of seven candidates vying to fill the Wisconsin men's basketball head coaching vacancy after John Erickson resigned to become the Milwaukee Bucks' first-ever general manager on April 3, 1968.[33] Knight was offered the position but requested more time to think it over. By the time he had returned to West Point, news that he was to become the Badgers' new coach was prematurely leaked to the local media.[33] After consulting with Bo Schembechler, who had also had a negative experience as a Wisconsin football coaching candidate the previous year, Knight withdrew his candidacy and continued to coach at Army for three more seasons. Erickson's assistant coach John Powless was promoted instead.[34][35]
Indiana
In 1971, Indiana University Bloomington hired Knight as head coach.[36] During his 29 years at the school, the Hoosiers won 662 games, including 22 seasons of 20 or more wins, while losing 239, a .735 winning percentage.[37] In 24 NCAA tournament appearances at Indiana, Hoosier teams under Knight won 42 of 63 games (.667), winning titles in 1976, 1981, and 1987, while losing in the semifinals in 1973 and 1992.[38]
1970s
Knight (leftmost) and the 1976 national champion Hoosiers with President Gerald Ford at the White House
In 1972–73, Knight's second year as coach, Indiana won the Big Ten championship and reached the Final Four, losing to UCLA, which was on its way to its seventh consecutive national title.[39] The following season, in 1973–74, Indiana once again captured a Big Ten title.[40]
In the two following seasons, 1974–75 and 1975–76, the Hoosiers were undefeated in the regular season and won 37 consecutive Big Ten games, including two more Big Ten championships.[41] In 1974–75, the Hoosiers swept the entire Big Ten by an average of 22.8 points per game. However, in an 83–82 win against Purdue they lost consensus All-American forward Scott May to a broken left arm.[42] With May's injury limiting him to seven minutes of play, the No. 1 Hoosiers lost to Kentucky 92–90 in the Mideast Regional.[43] Despite the loss, the Hoosiers were so dominant that four starters—Scott May, Steve Green, Kent Benson, and Quinn Buckner—would make the five-man All-Big Ten team.[41]
The following season, in 1975–76, the Hoosiers went the entire season and 1976 NCAA tournament without a single loss, defeating Michigan 86–68 in the title game.[44] Immediately after the game, Knight lamented that "it should have been two." The 1976 Hoosiers remain the last undefeated NCAA Division I men's basketball team.[45][46] Through these two seasons, Knight's teams were undefeated in the regular season, including a perfect 37–0 record in Big Ten games on their way to their third and fourth conference titles in a row.[41] Behind the play of Mike Woodson, Indiana won the 1979 NIT championship.[47]
Throughout the 1970s, however, Knight was beginning to be involved in several controversies.[48] 1960 Olympic gold medalist Douglas Blubaugh was head wrestling coach at IU from 1973 to 1984. Early in his tenure while he jogged in the practice facility during basketball practice, Knight yelled at him to leave, using more than one expletive. Blubaugh pinned Knight to a wall, and told him never to repeat the performance, and Knight never did.[49]
On December 7, 1974, Indiana defeated Kentucky 98–74. Near the end of the game, Knight went to the Kentucky bench where the official was standing to complain about a call. Before he left, Knight hit Kentucky coach Joe B. Hall in the back of the head.[50] Kentucky assistant coach Lynn Nance, a former FBI agent, had to be restrained by Hall from hitting Knight. Hall later said, "It publicly humiliated me."[51] Knight blamed the furor on Hall, stating, "If it was meant to be malicious, I'd have blasted the into the seats."[52]
Years after the incident, it was reported that Knight choked and punched Indiana University's longtime sports information director, Kit Klingelhoffer, over a news release that upset the coach.[48] In 1976, Knight grabbed IU basketball player Jim Wisman and jerked him into his seat.[48]
1980s
Knight with Isiah Thomas in 1981
The 1979–80 Hoosiers, led by Mike Woodson and Isiah Thomas, won the Big Ten championship and advanced to the 1980 Sweet Sixteen.[53] The following season, in 1980–81, Thomas and the Hoosiers once again won a conference title and won the 1981 NCAA tournament, Knight's second national title.[54]
In 1982–83, with the strong play of Uwe Blab and All-Americans Ted Kitchel and Randy Wittman, the No. 1 ranked Hoosiers were favorites to win another national championship.[55] However, with an injury to Kitchel mid-season,[53] the Hoosiers lost to Kentucky in the 1983 Sweet Sixteen.[56]
In the 1985–86 season, the Hoosiers were profiled in a bestselling book A Season on the Brink.[57] To write it, Knight granted author John Feinstein almost unprecedented access to the Indiana basketball program, as well as insights into Knight's private life.[58] The following season, in 1986–87, the Hoosiers were led by All-American Steve Alford and captured a share of the Big Ten title.[59] The team won Knight's third national championship (the school's fifth) against Syracuse in the 1987 NCAA tournament with a game-winning jump shot by Keith Smart with five seconds remaining in the championship game.[60]
In the 1988–89 season, the Hoosiers were led by All-American Jay Edwards and won a Big Ten championship.[61]
Knight was involved in several controversies in the 1980s as well. In a game between Indiana and Purdue in Bloomington on January 31, 1981, Isiah Thomas allegedly hit Purdue guard Roosevelt Barnes in what some critics described as a "sucker punch".[62] Video replay later shown by Knight showed Barnes had thrown the first punch, and that Thomas was merely reacting to this.
When the two schools played their second game of the season at Purdue on February 7, 1981, Knight claimed a number of derisive chants were directed at him, his wife, and Indiana University. In response, Knight invited Purdue athletic director George King on his weekly television show to discuss the matter, but King declined. Therefore, in place of King, Knight brought onto the show a "jackass" (male donkey) wearing a Purdue hat as a representative of Purdue.[63][64]
On February 23, 1985, during a Purdue–Indiana game in Bloomington, five minutes into the game a scramble for a loose ball resulted in a foul call on Indiana's Marty Simmons. Immediately after the resumption of play, a foul was called on Indiana's Daryl Thomas. Knight, irate, insisted the first of the two calls should have been for a jump ball and ultimately received a technical foul. Purdue's Steve Reid stepped to the free throw line to shoot the resulting free throws, but before he could, Knight grabbed a red plastic chair from Indiana's bench and threw it across the floor toward the basket in front of Reid. Knight was charged with a second and third technical foul and was ejected from the game.
He apologized for his actions the next day and was given a one-game suspension and two years' probation from the Big Ten. In later years, Knight would occasionally joke about the chair-throwing incident by saying that he saw an old lady standing on the opposite sideline and threw her the chair so she could sit down.[65][66]
Former Indiana basketball player Todd Jadlow has written a book alleging that from 1985 to 1989, Knight punched him in the face, broke a clipboard over the top of his head, and squeezed his testicles and the testicles of other Hoosiers, among other abuses.[67]
In an April 1988 interview with Connie Chung, when discussing an Indiana basketball game in which he felt the referees were making poor calls against the Hoosiers, Knight said, "I think that if rape is inevitable, relax and enjoy it." In response, women's groups nationwide were outraged by Knight's comments.[68]
1990–2000
From 1990–91 through 1992–93, the Hoosiers posted 87 victories, the most by any Big Ten team in a three-year span, breaking the mark of 86 set by Knight's Indiana teams of 1974–76.[55] They captured two Big Ten crowns in 1990–91 and 1992–93, and during the 1991–92 season reached the Final Four.[69] During the 1992–93 season, the 31–4 Hoosiers finished the season at the top of the AP Poll, but were defeated by Kansas in the Elite Eight.[40] Players from the team in this era included Greg Graham, Pat Knight, All-Americans Damon Bailey and Alan Henderson, Brian Evans, and National Player of the Year Calbert Cheaney.[69][70]
Throughout the mid and late 1990s Knight continued to experience success with continual NCAA tournament appearances and a minimum of 19 wins each season.[71] However, 1993 would be Knight's last conference championship and 1994 would be his last trip to the Sweet Sixteen.[55][72]
Throughout the 1990s Knight was yet again involved in several controversies:
At a practice leading up to an Indiana–Purdue game in West Lafayette in 1991, Knight yelled expletives and threats that were designed to motivate his Indiana team. In one portion he exclaimed he was "tired of losing to Purdue." The speech was secretly taped and has since gone viral, receiving over 1.84 million views on YouTube alone.[73] Although it is still not known who taped the speech, many former players suspect it was team manager Lawrence Frank. Players who were present were unable to remember the specific speech because such expletive-filled outbursts by Knight were so frequent.[74]
In March 1992 prior to the NCAA regional finals, controversy erupted after Knight playfully mock whipped Indiana players Calbert Cheaney and Pat Graham during practice. The bullwhip had been given to Knight as a gift from his team. Several black leaders complained at the racial connotations of the act, given that Cheaney was a black student.[75]
In January 1993, Knight mentioned the recruiting of Ivan Renko, a fictitious Yugoslavian player he had created. Knight created Renko in an attempt to expose disreputable basketball recruiting experts.[76] Even though Renko was completely fictitious, several recruiting services started listing him as a prospect with in-depth descriptions of his potential and game style. Some of the more reputable recruiting gurus claimed to have never heard of Renko, whereas some other "experts" even claimed to possess or to see film of him actually playing basketball.[77]
Knight was recorded berating an NCAA volunteer at a March 1995 post-game press conference following a 65–60 loss to Missouri in the first round of the NCAA tournament held in Boise, Idaho. The volunteer informed the press that Knight would not be attending the press conference, when Knight was actually running a few minutes late and had planned on attending per NCAA rules.[78][79]
Neil Reed and former Indiana player Richard Mandeville alleged in a CNN interview that Knight once showed players his own feces. According to Mandeville, Knight said, "This is how you guys are playing."[80]
On February 19, 2000, Clarence Doninger, Knight's boss, alleged that he had been physically threatened by Knight during a confrontation after a game.[6]
An Indiana investigation inquired about an allegation in which Knight berated and physically intimidated a university secretary, once throwing a potted plant in anger, showering her with glass and debris. The university later asked Knight to issue an apology to the secretary.[6]
It was alleged that Knight attacked assistant coach Ron Felling, throwing him out of a chair after overhearing him criticizing the basketball program in a phone conversation.[6]
Dismissal from Indiana
Knight with young fans at Frank Truitt's house in Columbus, summer of 1988
On March 14, 2000, (just before Indiana was to begin play in the NCAA tournament), the CNN Sports Illustrated network ran a piece on Robert Abbott's investigation of Knight in which former player Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a practice in 1997.[81] Knight denied the claims in the story. However, less than a month later, the network aired a tape of an Indiana practice from 1997 that appeared to show Knight placing his hand on the neck of Reed.[7]
In response, Indiana University president Myles Brand announced that he had adopted a "zero tolerance" policy with regard to Knight's behavior.[82] Later in the year, in September 2000, Indiana freshman Kent Harvey (not a basketball player) reportedly said, "Hey, Knight, what's up?" to Knight. According to Harvey, Knight then grabbed him by the arm and lectured him for not showing him respect, insisting that Harvey address him as either "Mr. Knight" or "Coach Knight" instead of simply "Knight."[7] Brand stated that this incident was only one of numerous complaints that occurred after the zero-tolerance policy had been put into place. Brand asked Knight to resign on September 10, and when Knight refused, Brand relieved him of his coaching duties effective immediately. Knight's dismissal was met with outrage from students. That night, thousands of Indiana students marched from Indiana University's Assembly Hall to Brand's home, burning Brand in effigy.[7]
Harvey was supported by some and vilified by many who claim he had intentionally set up Knight. Kent Harvey's stepfather, Mark Shaw, was a former Bloomington-area radio talk show host and Knight critic.[83] On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters in Dunn Meadow at Indiana University.[84] He asked that they not hold a grudge against Harvey and that they continue to support the basketball team.[85] Knight's firing made national headlines, including the cover of Sports Illustrated and around-the-clock coverage on ESPN, as well as mentions on CNN and CBS.[86]
Two days after Knight was fired from Indiana University, Jeremy Schaap of ESPN interviewed him and discussed his time at Indiana. Towards the end of the interview, Knight talked about his son, Pat, who had also been dismissed by the university, wanting an opportunity to be a head coach. Schaap, thinking that Knight was finished, attempted to move on to another subject, but Knight insisted on continuing about his son. Schaap repeatedly tried to ask another question when Knight shifted the conversation to Schaap's style of interviewing, notably chastising him about interruptions. Knight then commented (referring to Schaap's father, Dick Schaap), "You've got a long way to go to be as good as your dad."[87]
In a March 2017 interview on The Dan Patrick Show, Knight stated that he had no interest in ever returning to Indiana.[36] When host Dan Patrick commented that most of the administration that had fired Knight seventeen years earlier were no longer there, Knight said, "I hope they're all dead."[88]
Knight ultimately returned to Assembly Hall at halftime of Indiana's game against Purdue on February 8, 2020, and received a rousing standing ovation.[89] It was the first Indiana game attended by Knight since his dismissal by the school 20 years prior.[90]
Texas Tech
Knight in 2008
Following his dismissal from Indiana, Knight took a season off while on the lookout for coaching vacancies.[91] He accepted the head coaching position at Texas Tech University, although his hiring was opposed by a faculty group led by Walter Schaller, associate professor of philosophy.[92] When he was introduced at the press conference, Knight quipped, "This is without question the most comfortable red sweater I've had on in six years."[93]
Knight quickly improved the program, which had not been to an NCAA tournament since 1996.[86] He led the Red Raiders to postseason appearances in each of his first four years at the school (three NCAA Championship tournaments and one NIT).[86] After a rough 2006 season, the team improved in 2007, finishing 21–13 and again making it to the NCAA tournament, where it lost to Boston College in the first round.[94] The best performance by the Red Raiders under Knight came in 2005 when they advanced as far as the Sweet Sixteen.[95] In both 2006 and 2007 under Knight, Texas Tech defeated two Top 10-ranked teams in consecutive weeks. During Knight's first six years at Texas Tech, the Red Raiders won 126 games.[59]
During Knight's coaching at Texas Tech, Knight was also involved in several controversies. In March 2006, a student's heckling at Baylor University resulted in Knight having to be restrained by a police officer. The incident was not severe enough to warrant any action from the Big 12 Conference.[96]
On November 13, 2006, Knight was shown allegedly hitting player Michael Prince under the chin to get him to make eye contact. Although Knight did not comment on the incident afterwards, Prince, his parents, and Texas Tech athletic director Gerald Myers insisted that Knight did nothing wrong and that he merely lifted Prince's chin and told him, "Hold your head up and don't worry about mistakes. Just play the game." Prince commented, "He was trying to teach me and I had my head down so he raised my chin up. He was telling me to go out there and don't be afraid to make mistakes. He said I was being too hard on myself." ESPN analyst Fran Fraschilla defended Knight by saying "That's coaching!"[97]
On October 21, 2007, James Simpson of Lubbock, Texas, accused Knight of firing a shotgun in his direction after he yelled at Knight and another man for hunting too close to his home.[98] Knight denied the allegations; however, an argument between the two men was recorded via camera phone and aired later on television.[99]
Knight won his 900th game in his coaching career on January 16, 2008, in a 68–58 win against Texas A&M, but not before arguing with referees during the match.[100][101]
Retirement
On February 4, 2008, Knight announced his retirement.[102] His son Pat Knight, the head coach designate since 2005, was immediately named as his successor at Texas Tech.[103] The younger Knight had said that after many years of coaching, his father was exhausted and ready to retire.[104] Just after achieving his 900th win, Knight handed the job over to Pat in the mid-season in part to allow him to get acquainted with coaching the team earlier, instead of having him wait until October, the start of the next season.[105] Knight continued to live in Lubbock after he retired.[106]
United States national team
1979 Pan American Games
In 1978, Knight was named the head coach of the United States men's national team for the 1979 Pan American Games in Puerto Rico.[107] The team, which included players such as Isiah Thomas and Ralph Sampson, trained together for more than 50 days and played in a tournament in Italy before arriving in Puerto Rico. During the games, Knight led the United States to a 9-0 record, with an average victory of 21.2 points, and gold medal.[108][3]
However, his behaviour during the games, where he feuded with referees, officials and made critical comments about Puerto Rico, was heavily criticized,[109][110] including by the president of the Basketball Federation of Puerto Rico, Arturo C. Gallardo, in a lengthy article in the New York Times.[111] During the first game, with the United States leading by 35 points, he was ejected for arguing with referees and in another incident during a practice session, Knight was accused of assaulting a San Juan policeman in a gymnasium and was arrested.[4] Both Knight and assistant coach Mike Krzyzewski refuted policeman's version of the incident, with Krzyzewski stating "It's really unbelievable, the out-and-out lies that are being told. It's like my standing here and saying that my name is not Mike Krzyzewski, that it's Fred Taylor."[108] Knight was later charged with assault and summoned to appear before a judge but left the island before trial was held and refused to return with Indiana officials further rejecting Puerto Rican's extradition requests. He was later tried in absentia, found guilty and sentenced to a six-month prison term and a 500 dollar fine. Following a United States Supreme Court ruling in 1987 that overturned a law which gave state governors the power to reject extradition requests and opened up the possibility of his extradition to Puerto Rico, Knight wrote a letter to the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee, Germán Rieckehoff, apologizing for the incident. Rieckehoff "urged the Commonwealth not to consider any further legal action against Knight".[112]
1984 Summer Olympics
Despite the controversies, Knight was selected in 1982 to coach the the U.S. national team at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games.[113][114][115][116] He held a 72 player tryout camp in April 1984 before settling on the 12 man roster which included Michael Jordan, Patrick Ewing, Chris Mullin and Knight's Indiana player and protégé Steve Alford.[117][118][119]
Worries that his behavior would again cause embarrassment during the games turned out to be unfounded and, despite rants and raves at officials, Knight was considered to be on his best behavior.[120] He led the United States to victory in all eight games and to a gold medal.[121][122] Doing so, Knight joined Pete Newell and Dean Smith as the only three coaches to win an NCAA title, NIT title, and Olympic gold.[123][124]
Life after coaching
In 2008, ESPN hired Knight as a studio analyst and occasional color commentator.[125] In November 2012, he called an Indiana men's basketball game for the first time, something he had previously refused to do.[126] Then-men's basketball coach Tom Crean reached out to Knight in an attempt to get him to visit the school again.[127] On April 2, 2015, ESPN announced that it would not renew its contract with Knight.[128]
On February 27, 2019, Don Fischer, an IU radio announcer since 1974, said during an interview that Knight was in ill health. He continued by saying Knight's health "has declined" but did not offer any specifics.[129]
On April 4, 2019, Knight made his first public appearance after Fischer made his comments. He appeared with longtime friend and journalist Bob Hammel and spoke about different aspects of his career. During the presentation, Knight seemed to struggle with his memory: he re-introduced his wife to the audience after doing so only 10 minutes earlier, he mistakenly said that former IU basketball player Landon Turner had died, and, after telling a story about Michael Jordan, he later told the same story, replacing Jordan with former IU basketball player Damon Bailey.[130]
Knight and his wife resided in Lubbock, Texas, even after his retirement.[131] On July 10, 2019, the Indiana Daily Student, IU's campus newspaper, reported that Knight and his wife had purchased a home in Bloomington for $572,500, suggesting that Knight had decided to return to Bloomington to live.[132]
Coaching philosophy
Knight was an innovator of the motion offense, which he perfected and popularized.[133] The system emphasizes post players setting screens and perimeter players passing the ball until a teammate becomes open for an uncontested jump shot or lay-up. This required players to be unselfish, disciplined, and effective in setting and using screens to get open.
Knight's motion offense did not take shape until he began coaching at Indiana. Prior to that, at Army, he ran a "reverse action" offense that involved reversing the ball from one side of the floor to the other and screening along with it.[133] According to Knight, it was a "West Coast offense" that Pete Newell used exclusively during his coaching career.[27] After being exposed to the Princeton offense, Knight instilled more cutting with the offense he employed, which evolved into the motion offense that he ran for most of his career.[133] Knight continued to develop the offense, instituting different cuts over the years and putting his players in different scenarios.[134]
Knight was well known for the extreme preparation he put into each game and practice. He was often quoted as saying, "Most people have the will to win, few have the will to prepare to win."[135] Often during practice, Knight would instruct his players to a certain spot on the floor and give them options of what to do based on how the defense might react.[133] In contrast to set plays, Knight's offense was designed to react according to the defense.[133]
The three-point shot was adopted by the NCAA in 1986, which was midway through Knight's coaching career. Although he opposed the rule change throughout his life, it did complement his offense well by improving the spacing on the floor.[133] He sardonically said at the time that he supported institution of the three-point shot because if a team's offense was functioning efficiently enough to get a layup, the team should be rewarded with three points for that basket. Knight's offense also emphasized a two-count.[133] Players in the post are expected to try to post in the paint for two seconds and if they do not receive the ball they go set a screen. Players with the ball are expected to hold the ball for two seconds to see where they are going to take it. Screens are supposed to be held for two seconds, as well.[133]
On defense Knight was known for emphasizing tenacious "man-to-man" defense where defenders contest every pass and every shot, and help teammates when needed. However, Knight also incorporated a zone defense periodically after eschewing it for the first two decades of his coaching career.[136]
Knight's coaching also included a firm emphasis on academics. All but four of his four-year players completed their degrees, or nearly 98 percent. Nearly 80 percent of his players graduated; this figure was much higher than the national average of 42 percent for Division 1 schools.[137]
Legacy
Knight embraces former player Mike Krzyzewski in 2011 after he broke Knight's record for all-time wins.
Accomplishments
Knight's all time coaching record is 902–371.[138] His 902 wins in NCAA Division I men's college basketball games is fourth all-time to Knight's former player Mike Krzyzewski, Syracuse head coach Jim Boeheim, and North Carolina head Coach Roy Williams.[15] Knight achieved his 880th career win on January 1, 2007, and passed retired North Carolina coach Dean Smith for most career victories, a title he held until his win total was surpassed by Krzyzewski on November 15, 2011.[15][139] It was later surpassed by Boeheim on January 2, 2013,[140] and by Williams on March 11, 2021.[141][142] Knight is the youngest coach to reach 200, 300, and 400 wins, as well as among the youngest to reach other milestones of 500, 600, 700, and 800 wins.[143]
Texas Tech's participation in the 2007 NCAA tournament gave Knight more NCAA tournament appearances than any other coach.[144] He is the only coach to win the NCAA, the NIT, an Olympic gold medal, and a Pan American Games Gold medal.[144] Knight is also one of only three people, along with Smith and Joe B. Hall, who have both played on and coached an NCAA Tournament championship basketball team.[15]
Recognition
Knight received a number of personal honors during and after his coaching career. He was named the National Coach of the Year four times (1975, 1976, 1987, 1989)[145] and Big Ten Coach of the Year eight times (1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1981, 1989, 1992, 1993).[55] In 1975 he was a unanimous selection as National Coach of the Year, an honor he was accorded again in 1976 by the Associated Press.[3] In 1987 he was the first person to be honored with the Naismith Coach of the Year Award.[55] In 1989 he garnered National Coach of the Year honors by the AP, UPI, and the United States Basketball Writers Association.[146] Knight was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1991.[147][15]
On November 17, 2006, Knight was recognized for his impact on college basketball as a member of the founding class of the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame.[95] The following year, he was the recipient of the Naismith Award for Men's Outstanding Contribution to Basketball.[148] Knight was also inducted into the Army Sports Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)[149] and the Indiana Hoosiers athletics Hall of Fame (Class of 2009).[86] In August 2003, he was honored as the first inductee in The Vince Lombardi Titletown Legends.[150]
Three banners were hung at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall as a result of the three national championship wins led by Knight.[151][152]
Coaching tree
A number of Knight's assistant coaches, players, and managers have gone on to be coaches. In the college ranks, this includes Hall of Fame Duke coach Mike Krzyzewski, Steve Alford, Murry Bartow, Dan Dakich, Bob Donewald, Marty Simmons, Jim Crews, Chris Beard, and Dusty May.[153] Among NBA coaches, they include Randy Wittman, Mike Woodson, Keith Smart, Isiah Thomas, and Lawrence Frank.[154][155]
In the media
Books about Knight
In 1986, author John Feinstein published A Season on the Brink, which detailed the 1985–86 season of the Indiana Hoosiers. Granted almost unprecedented access to the Indiana basketball program, as well as insights into Knight's private life, the book quickly became a major bestseller and spawned a new genre, as a legion of imitators wrote works covering a single year of a sports franchise. In the book Feinstein depicts a coach who is quick with a violent temper, but also one who never cheats and strictly follows all of the NCAA's rules.[57]
Two years later, author Joan Mellen penned the book Bob Knight: His Own Man (ISBN 0-380-70809-4), in part to rebut Feinstein's A Season on the Brink. Mellen deals with seemingly all the causes celebres in Knight's career and presents the view that he is more sinned against than sinning.[156]
In 1990, Robert P. Sulek wrote Hoosier Honor: Bob Knight and Academic Success at Indiana University which discusses the academic side of the basketball program. The book details all of the players that have played for Knight and what degree they earned.[157]
A number of close associates and friends of Knight have also written books about him. Former player and current Nevada Wolf Pack head basketball coach Steve Alford wrote Playing for Knight: My Six Seasons with Bobby Knight, published in 1990.[158] Former player Kirk Haston wrote Days of Knight: How the General Changed My Life, published in 2016.[159]
Knight's autobiography, written with longtime friend and sports journalist Bob Hammel, was titled Knight: My Story and published in 2003.[160] Three years later Steve Delsohn and Mark Heisler wrote Bob Knight: An Unauthorized Biography.[161]
In 2013, Knight and Bob Hammel published The Power of Negative Thinking: An Unconventional Approach to Achieving Positive Results.[162] Knight discussed his approach to preparing for a game by anticipating all of the things that could go wrong and trying to prevent it or having a plan to deal with it. In the book Knight also shared one of his favorite sayings, "Victory favors the team making the fewest mistakes."[163]
In 2017, sports reporter Terry Hutchens published Following the General: Why Three Coaches Have Been Unable to Return Indiana Basketball to Greatness which discussed Knight's coaching legacy with Indiana and how none of the coaches following him have been able to reach his level of success.[164]
Film and television
Knight appeared or was featured in numerous films and television productions. In 1994 a feature film titled Blue Chips featured a character named Pete Bell, a volatile but honest college basketball coach under pressure to win who decides to blatantly violate NCAA rules to field a competitive team after a sub-par season.[165] It starred Nick Nolte as Bell and NBA star Shaquille O'Neal as Neon Bodeaux, a once-in-a-lifetime player that boosters woo to his school with gifts and other perks.[165] The coach's temper and wardrobe were modeled after Knight's, though at no time had Knight been known to illegally recruit.[166] Knight himself appears in the film and coaches against Nolte in the film's climactic game.[166]
ESPN's first feature-length film was A Season on the Brink, a 2002 TV adaptation from John Feinstein's book.[167] In the film Knight is played by Brian Dennehy.[168] ESPN also featured Knight in a reality show titled Knight School, which followed a handful of Texas Tech students as they competed for the right to join the basketball team as a non-scholarship player.[169]
Knight made a cameo appearance as himself in the 2003 film Anger Management.[170] In 2008, Knight appeared in a commercial as part of Volkswagen's Das Auto series where Max, a 1964 black Beetle, interviews famous people. When Knight talked about Volkswagen winning the best resale value award in 2008, Max replied, "At least one of us is winning a title this year." This prompted Knight to throw his chair off the stage and walk out saying, "I may not be retired."[171]
Knight also made an appearance in a TV commercial for Guitar Hero: Metallica and Risky Business with fellow coaches Mike Krzyzewski, Rick Pitino, and Roy Williams.[172]
In 2009, Knight produced three instructional coaching DVD libraries—on motion offense, man-to-man defense, and instilling mental toughness—with Championship Productions.[173]
Personal life and death
Knight with his son Pat while coaching at Texas Tech
Knight married the former Nancy Falk[174] on April 17, 1963. They had two sons, Tim and Pat.[175] The couple divorced in 1985.[3] Pat played at Indiana from 1991 to 1995 and was head coach at Lamar from the time of his father's retirement until he was dismissed in 2014.[176][177] Pat Knight coached Texas Tech after his father's retirement before he moved to Lamar.[176] In 1988, Knight married his second wife, Karen Vieth Edgar, a former Oklahoma high school basketball coach.[178]
Knight had a high regard for education and made generous donations to the schools he was a part of, particularly libraries. At Indiana University Knight endowed two chairs, one in history and one in law.[179] He also raised nearly $5 million for the Indiana University library system by championing a library fund to support the library's activities. The fund was ultimately named in his honor.[180]
When Knight came to Texas Tech in 2001, he gave $10,000 to the library, while his wife gave $25,000, donations which included the first gifts to the Coach Knight Library Fund which has now collected over $300,000.[181][182] Later, in 2005, Knight donated an additional $40,000 to the library.[183] On November 29, 2007, the Texas Tech library honored this with A Legacy of Giving: The Bob Knight Exhibit.[184]
On April 18, 2011, video surfaced showing Knight responding to a question concerning John Calipari and Kentucky's men's basketball team by stating that in the previous season, Kentucky made an Elite Eight appearance with "five players who had not attended a single class that semester." These claims were later disproven by the university and the players in question, including Patrick Patterson, who graduated in three years, and John Wall, who finished the semester with a 3.5 GPA.[185] Knight later apologized for his comments stating, "My overall point is that 'one-and-dones' are not healthy for college basketball. I should not have made it personal to Kentucky and its players and I apologize."[186]
Knight supported Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, and later made an appearance at his rally in Indianapolis for the 2018 midterms. At the rally, Knight called Trump "a great defender of the United States of America".[187][188]
Knight died in Bloomington, Indiana, on November 1, 2023, at age 83.[189]
Career playing statistics
Legend
GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game
FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage
RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game
BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career high
College
Year Team GP FG% FT% RPG PPG
1959–60 Ohio State 21 .405 .630 2.0 3.7
1960–61 Ohio State 28 .397 .577 2.8 4.4
1961–62 Ohio State 25 .393 .818 1.5 3.2
Career 74 .398 .641 2.1 3.8
Source:[190]
Head coaching record
Statistics overview
Season Team Overall Conference Standing Postseason
Army Cadets (NCAA University Division independent) (1965–1971)
1965–66 Army 18–8 NIT Fourth Place
1966–67 Army 13–8
1967–68 Army 20–5 NIT First Round
1968–69 Army 18–10 NIT Fourth Place
1969–70 Army 22–6 NIT Third Place
1970–71 Army 11–13
Army: 102–50 (.671)
Indiana Hoosiers (Big Ten Conference) (1971–2000)
1971–72 Indiana 17–8 9–5 T–3rd NIT First Round
1972–73 Indiana 22–6 11–3 1st NCAA Division I Final Four
1973–74 Indiana 23–5 12–2 T–1st CCAT Champion
1974–75 Indiana 31–1 18–0 1st NCAA Division I Elite Eight
1975–76 Indiana 32–0 18–0 1st NCAA Division I Champion
1976–77 Indiana 16–11 11–7 5th
1977–78 Indiana 21–8 12–6 2nd NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1978–79 Indiana 22–12 10–8 5th NIT Champion
1979–80 Indiana 21–8 13–5 1st NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1980–81 Indiana 26–9 14–4 1st NCAA Division I Champion
1981–82 Indiana 19–10 12–6 T–2nd NCAA Division I Round of 32
1982–83 Indiana 24–6 13–5 1st NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1983–84 Indiana 22–9 13–5 3rd NCAA Division I Elite Eight
1984–85 Indiana 19–14 7–11 7th NIT Final
1985–86 Indiana 21–8 13–5 2nd NCAA Division I Round of 64
1986–87 Indiana 30–4 15–3 T–1st NCAA Division I Champion
1987–88 Indiana 19–10 11–7 5th NCAA Division I Round of 64
1988–89 Indiana 27–8 15–3 1st NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1989–90 Indiana 18–11 8–10 7th NCAA Division I Round of 64
1990–91 Indiana 29–5 15–3 T–1st NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1991–92 Indiana 27–7 14–4 2nd NCAA Division I Final Four
1992–93 Indiana 31–4 17–1 1st NCAA Division I Elite Eight
1993–94 Indiana 21–9 12–6 3rd NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1994–95 Indiana 19–12 11–7 T–3rd NCAA Division I Round of 64
1995–96 Indiana 19–12 12–6 T–2nd NCAA Division I Round of 64
1996–97 Indiana 22–11 9–9 T–6th NCAA Division I Round of 64
1997–98 Indiana 20–12 9–7 T–5th NCAA Division I Round of 32
1998–99 Indiana 23–11 9–7 T–3rd NCAA Division I Round of 32
1999–2000 Indiana 20–9 10–6 5th NCAA Division I Round of 64
Indiana: 662–239 (.735) 353–151 (.700)
Texas Tech Red Raiders (Big 12 Conference) (2001–2008)
2001–02 Texas Tech 23–9 10–6 T–3rd NCAA Division I Round of 64
2002–03 Texas Tech 22–13 6–10 T–7th NIT Third Place
2003–04 Texas Tech 23–11 9–7 T–5th NCAA Division I Round of 32
2004–05 Texas Tech 22–11 10–6 4th NCAA Division I Sweet 16
2005–06 Texas Tech 15–17 6–10 T–7th
2006–07 Texas Tech 21–13 9–7 5th NCAA Division I Round of 64
2007–08 Texas Tech 12–8* 3–3* T–6th*
Texas Tech: 138–82 (.627) 53–49 (.520)
(*) Indicates record/standing at time
of resignation from Texas Tech
Total: 902–371 (.709)
Sources:[191][192][193]
National champion Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion
The 1977–78 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1977–78 season. The team played its home games in the Crisler Arena in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference. Under the direction of head coach Johnny Orr, the team finished tied for fourth in the Big Ten Conference.[1] The team failed to earn an invitation to either the 1978 National Invitation Tournament or the 1978 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.[2] The team was ranked in the Associated Press Top Twenty-Five Poll for four of the season's seventeen weeks, reaching a number 8 ranking on December 6, 1977, and falling out after the December 20, 1977, poll.[3]
The University of Michigan (U-M, UMich, or simply Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Michigan is one of the earliest American research universities and is a founding member of the Association of American Universities. In the fall of 2023, the university enrolled over 52,000 students.[4][8]
The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity". It consists of nineteen colleges and offers 250 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels.[9] The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In 2021, it ranked third among American universities in research expenditures according to the National Science Foundation.
The University of Michigan's athletic teams are collectively known as the Wolverines. They compete in NCAA Division I FBS as members of the Big Ten Conference. The university currently fields varsity teams across 29 NCAA-sanctioned sports. As of 2022, athletes from the university have won 188 medals at the Olympic Games.
Notable alumni from the university include 8 domestic and foreign heads of state or heads of government, 47 U.S. senators, 218 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 42 U.S. Cabinet secretaries, and 41 U.S. governors.
History
Main article: History of the University of Michigan
The Catholepistemiad (1817–1821)
The University of Michigan traces its origins to August 26, 1817,[1] when it was established in the Territory of Michigan as the Catholepistemiad or University of Michigania through a legislative act signed by acting governor and secretary William Woodbridge, chief justice Augustus B. Woodward, and judge John Griffin.[10]: 117 In 1821, by a new enactment, the university itself was created as a "body politic and corporate,"[10]: 117 maintaining its corporate status through various modifications to its charter.[11]: 11 The term "Catholepistemiad," a neologism derived from a blend of Greek and Latin roots, can be loosely translated as "School of Universal Knowledge".[12] This corporation was modeled after the Imperial University of France, an entity established by Napoleon I a decade prior,[13][11]: 10 and included an array of schools and libraries under a single administration,[14] with the authority to establish additional schools across the territory.[11]: 10 It wasn't until Michigan became a state in 1837 that the corporation focused solely on higher education.[13]
First Annual Report of the University of Michigania, authored by its first president Rev. John Monteith, November 16, 1818
Promptly after the Territory of Michigan's formation in 1805, prominent citizens acknowledged the need for a college. In 1806, Father Gabriel Richard, who presided over several schools in the Town of Detroit, first petitioned for land to found a college.[15][16] Although Governor William Hull and Woodward promulgated an act in 1809 to establish public school districts, this preliminary endeavor yielded negligible results.[17] Woodward, aspiring to categorize knowledge (which he termed "encathol epistemia"), discussed this with Thomas Jefferson in 1814.[18] In 1817, Woodward drafted a territorial act for the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, which included thirteen professorships, or didaxiim.[19] The act was enacted on August 26, 1817, with Father Richard appointed Vice-President and Rev. John Monteith as President. Woodward sought funding from the Zion Masonic Lodge, which contributed $250, leading to a total of $5,000 raised for the university.[11]: 12 [20] The cornerstone for the first schoolhouse, situated near the intersection of Bates Street and Congress Street in Detroit, was laid on September 24, 1817, and by the following year, a Lancasterian primary school, taught by Lemuel Shattuck, and a classical academy were operational.[21] Additional schools were established in Monroe and Mackinaw by the end of September 1817.[11]: 11 In 1821, a new act placed the corporation under the control of a board of trustees.[22] Rev. Monteith, no longer President, joined the board, and Father Richard served on the board until his death in 1832.[23] The trustees continued to manage the schools and classical academy, but established no new schools. By 1827, both schools had closed, and the Detroit schoolhouse was leased to private teachers.[24]
Early years (1837–1851)
Alexander J. Davis's original University of Michigan designs featured the Gothic Revival style. Davis himself is generally credited with coining the term "Collegiate Gothic".
In 1837, following Michigan admission to the Union, its constitution enabled the appointive regents to oversee university operations directly alongside professors, without the need for a president.[13] The regents met in Ann Arbor and accepted the town's proposal for the university to relocate,[1][25] based on a 40 acres (16 ha) grant from the Treaty of Fort Meigs.[26][27] Alexander Jackson Davis devise the original campus plan in Gothic Revival style, but the plan was abandoned due to financial constraints.[11]: 31 [28][29] In 1841, Mason Hall, the first campus building, was completed, followed by the construction of South College, a twin building south of Mason Hall, in 1849.
Colored elevation of Mason Hall (built in 1841; demolished in 1950), the first building devoted to instruction on the Ann Arbor campus. The design was used as a reference by John F. Rague to build the North Hall (built in 1851) in Madison, Wisconsin, which is a National Historic Landmark.[30]
Asa Gray was appointed the first professor following the university's move to Ann Arbor in 1837,[31][32][33][34][35] alongside early faculty members Andrew Ten Brook and Douglass Houghton.[35][36] The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen and a sophomore, taught by two professors.[37] In the first commencement of 1845, eleven graduates, including Judson Dwight Collins, were awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree.[38] In subsequent years, the regents established branches across the state as preparatory schools for the university,[39] starting with Pontiac and followed by Kalamazoo, Detroit, Niles, Tecumseh, White Pigeon, and Romeo.[39] However, they struggled to enroll students and some merged with local colleges. Kalamazoo College was the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan from 1840 to 1850.[39] Furthermore, the university struggled with issues due to its regents' dependence on the legislature from 1837 to 1850.[11]: 40 Despite several attempts to gain independence, progress was slow until the late 1840s, when regents gained leverage, supported by Michigan citizens.[11]: 40 This led to a revision of the organic act on April 8, 1851, which freed the university from legislative control, changed the regent position from appointed to elected, and established a president selected by the regents.[11]: 40
1851 to 1900
The Diag in the 19th century
Law Building
Henry Philip Tappan became the university's first president in 1852, with the ambition to shape the institution as a model for future universities.[40]: 39–53 During his decade of service, he overhauled the curriculum,[40]: 39–53 secularized faculty appointments,[40]: 39–53 expanded the library and museum collections,[40]: 39–53 established the law school,[13] and supervised the construction of the Detroit Observatory.[40]: 39–53 In 1855, Michigan became the second university in the country (after Harvard) to issue Bachelor of Science degrees.[11]: 48 The following year, the country's first chemical laboratory was built on campus, specifically designed for chemistry education, providing additional space for classes and laboratories.[41] Tappan's tenure also saw the creation of the Michigan Glee Club, the oldest student organization at the university.[42] Despite these accomplishments, Tappan's 11-year presidency was marked by considerable tension.[40]: 39–53 His impartial stance on religion faced backlash during a time of heightened religious fervor. Due to changes in the Board of Regents and discontent with his administration, he was forced to resign in 1863.[40]: 39–53
In 1863, Erastus Otis Haven took office as president, having been a professor at the time and needing to prove his right for the presidency.[40]: 54–59 The campus was divided by conflicting views among students, faculty, and regents regarding Tappan's restoration, the homeopathy crisis, and the Civil War.[40]: 54–59 Haven's administration faced routine administrative difficulties and struggled to garner support for increased state aid, despite achieving modest gains.[40]: 54–59 The university, which had received a fixed $15,000 since 1869, still required additional funding.[40]: 54–59 Frustrated, Haven resigned in 1869 to become president of Northwestern, a Methodist institution, a move that sectarians viewed as a setback for secular colleges.[40]: 54–59 The presidency remained vacant from 1869 to 1871, with Professor Henry Simmons Frieze serving as acting president.[40]: 59–62 During this period, the university raised funds for University Hall, overhauled admissions with a diploma system, and introduced coeducation.[40]: 59–62 Women were first admitted in 1870,[43] although Alice Robinson Boise Wood was the first woman to attend classes (without matriculating) in 1866–67.[44] In 1870, Gabriel Franklin Hargo graduated from the law school as the second African American to graduate from a law school in the United States. In 1871, Sarah Killgore became the first woman to graduate from law school and be admitted to the bar of any state in the United States.[45] A promoter of music education, Frieze oversaw the formation of the University Musical Society.[40]: 59–62 Student discipline remained problematic, with frequent class rushes and hazing. Past efforts to curb these disorders had proven ineffective, which Frieze attributed to decentralized faculty control.[40]: 59–62
University Hall (1872-1896), located partly on the grounds of present-day Angell Hall
Statue of Benjamin Franklin, stood on the west side of South State Street in front of University Hall, beside The First Congregational Church.
James Burrill Angell became president in 1871 and would remain in the post for nearly four decades.[40]: 63–75 Shortly after his arrival, University Hall was completed and dedicated.[40]: 63–75 During his presidency, he broadened the curriculum,[13] founded various professional schools,[40]: 63–75 resolved the long-standing homeopathy problem,[40]: 63–75 restored campus discipline,[40]: 63–75 raised entrance and graduation requirements,[40]: 63–75 and persuaded the legislature to increase state aid.[40]: 63–75 Angell's tenure also saw the addition of many extracurricular activities, such as the intercollegiate football team and the Michigan Marching Band.[40]: 63–75 In 1871-72, Charles Kendall Adams first introduced the German seminar method of study, marking its first use in America.[46][11]: 71 In 1875, the university established the College of Dental Surgery, and Albert B. Prescott established the College of Pharmacy in 1876. The degree of Bachelor of Philosophy was conferred for the first time in the university's history upon six students in 1870,[11]: 79 while the degrees of Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy were first offered in 1875.[11]: 88 During this period, John Dewey, Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Robert Ezra Park first met at Michigan, where they would greatly influence each other.[47] By the turn of the 19th century, the university was the second largest in the United States after Harvard.[48]
Literary Class of 1880 (includes Mary Henrietta Graham, the first African American woman graduate of the University of Michigan)
"Stand up for America; devote your life to its cause; love your homes, and prove as worthy of our cherished free institutions as they are worthy of your allegiance and service. Let not the high standard of National Honor, raised by the fathers, be lowered by their sons. Let learning, liberty and law be exalted and enthroned."
William McKinley, speaking to the first National Convention of the College Republicans in Newberry Hall in 1892[49]
With his presidency, Angell focused the university on preparing a new generation of secular leaders in public service.[40]: 63–75 Angell himself was frequently called upon by the White House for diplomatic missions.[40]: 63–75 In 1880, President Rutherford Hayes appointed him as Minister to China, where he successfully negotiated an immigration treaty that increased Chinese student enrollment.[40]: 63–75 Later, in 1887, 1896, and 1897, President Grover Cleveland appointed him to fisheries and waterways commissions.[40]: 63–75 That same year, President William McKinley named him Envoy Extraordinary to Turkey.[40]: 63–75 By the late 19th century, the university had gained an international reputation, partly due to Angell's diplomatic efforts.[40]: 63–75 During this period, over 80 subjects of the Emperor of Japan were sent to Ann Arbor to study law as part of the opening of that empire to external influence.[50] The university was also involved in building the Philippine education, legal, and public health systems during the era of American colonization of the Philippines, thanks to the efforts of Michigan alumni, including Dean Conant Worcester and George A. Malcolm.[51] Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who graduated as valedictorian in 1880, becoming the first Puerto Rican to earn a university degree in the United States.[52] Ida Gray graduated from the School of Dentistry in June 1890, becoming the first African-American woman dentist in the United States.[53] In the early 20th century, the university emerged as a preferred option for Jewish students pursuing secular education due to quotas on Jewish admissions at denominational colleges, and it has since become a haven for the Jewish-American academic community.[54][55] Angell retired in 1909, and seven years later, he passed away in the President's House, which had been his home for forty-five years.[40]: 63–75 His successor, Harry Burns Hutchins, who was once his student, would lead the university through World War I and the influenza epidemic.[40]: 63–75
1900 to 1950
Law Quadrangle, ca. 1930s
In 1910, Harry Burns Hutchins assumed the presidency, becoming the first alumnus to hold that position.[40]: 76–80 He had spent seven years in Ithaca, New York, where he was called by Andrew Dickson White and Charles Kendall Adams to establish the Cornell Law School.[40]: 76–80 Hutchins then became the dean of the law school at his alma mater, where he introduced the case method of instruction.[40]: 76–80 Hutchins was acting president when Angell was absent.[40]: 76–80 During his presidency, Hutchins established the Graduate School,[40]: 76–80 doubled enrollment,[40]: 76–80 and increased the faculty.[40]: 76–80 He secured more state aid and alumni support to fund the university's capital needs,[40]: 76–80 including the gothic Law Quadrangle,[56] Martha Cook Building,[57] Hill Auditorium, and Michigan Union, which became campus landmarks. Hutchins enhanced the university health service,[40]: 76–80 but wartime distractions plagued his presidency. The influenza epidemic, which caused student deaths from poor care, deeply troubled him.[40]: 76–80 Well-liked by the regents who encouraged him to remain president, nonetheless, Hutchins retired in 1920.[40]: 76–80
The 1920s at the university were marked by the brief tenures of two presidents, Marion LeRoy Burton and Clarence Cook Little.[40]: 81–98 In 1920, when Burton assumed office, a conference on higher education took place at the university, resulting in the establishment of the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges.[40]: 81–88 Under his leadership, construction boomed on campus,[40]: 81–88 and enrollments increased,[40]: 81–88 propelled by the prosperous economy of the Roaring Twenties. He initiated the annual honors convocation,[40]: 81–88 introduced the deans' conference,[40]: 81–88 and increased university income.[40]: 81–88 Unfortunately, he fell ill in 1924 and passed away in 1925.[40]: 81–88 In this emergency, President Emeritus Hutchins was called by the regents to assist, with Alfred Henry Lloyd serving as acting president until Little's arrival.[40]: 81–88 Clarence Cook Little was elected president in 1925,[40]: 88–98 advocating for individualized education[40]: 88–98 and reforming curricula, particularly for women.[40]: 88–98 Little proposed a curriculum division after two years to address knowledge gaps, leading to the University College proposal, which was ultimately abandoned after his resignation in 1929.[40]: 88–98
H.A. Kramers, second row, sixth left with J. Robert Oppenheimer, second row, fourth left, in a photograph of the Summer Symposium on Theoretical Physics in 1931 at the University of Michigan
Physicists G.E. Uhlenbeck, H.A. Kramers, and S.A. Goudsmit circa 1928 at Michigan
West Engineering Building, 1905
Following Little's resignation, Alexander Grant Ruthven, an alumnus, was elected president, and led the university through the Great Depression and World War II.[40]: 98–116 Under the department's head Harrison McAllister Randall, the university's physics reputation grew. Many European physicists joined the faculty, including Samuel Goudsmit, George Uhlenbeck, and Gordon Sutherland. Wu Ta-You, who has been called the Father of Chinese Physics, studied under Goudsmit at the university, and later became the doctoral advisor to two Chinese Nobel laureates, Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee. From 1928 to 1941, the Summer Symposium in Theoretical Physics featured renowned physicists like Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac, and Erwin Schrödinger, with at least fifteen attendees being Nobel laureates or future laureates.[58] Wolfgang Pauli held a visiting professorship at the university in 1931.[59] Stephen Timoshenko created the first U.S. bachelor's and doctoral programs in engineering mechanics when he was a faculty professor at the university. Shortly after the war, in 1947, the regents formed a War Memorial Committee to honor students who died in World War II. By 1948, they established the Phoenix Project to explore peaceful atomic energy applications, leading to the first academic program in nuclear science and engineering,[60][13] funded by over 25,000 contributors, including the Ford Motor Company.[61]
1950 to present
In 1951, Harlan Hatcher succeeded Ruthven and served as president until 1968, during which he oversaw developments including the construction of the North Campus, the establishment of Flint Senior College, and the Dearborn Center.[62][63] The tenures of Hatcher and his successor, Robben Wright Fleming, were marked by a sharp rise in campus activism, highlighted by the increase in political dissent linked to the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War.[62]In 1964, a group of faculty hosted its first "teach-in" against U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, attended by 2,500 students.[64][65] Subsequent sit-ins by campus political groups led to administrative crackdowns, further escalating tensions and confrontational tactics among radicals, including a notable incident involving the Jesse James Gang, an offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society, hosting an on-campus military recruiter in hostage.[62] Hatcher controversially dismissed three professors for their refusal to cooperate with Joseph McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee.[66] Hatcher's successor, Robben Wright Fleming, an experienced negotiator, guided the university through a turbulent era of student protests and activism.[62] Unlike some other universities, Michigan did not experience violent outbreaks during this period.[62] Shortly after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968, the Black Action Movement organized an eight-day campus-wide strike at the university in 1970 to protest the lack of support for minorities on campus, successfully prompting the administration to meet several of their demands.[67] In 1971, the Spectrum Center was founded as the nation's oldest collegiate LGBT student center, preceding the establishment of Penn's center.[68] Meanwhile, support among students for marijuana legalization was gaining traction on campus, as highlighted by the annual Hash Bash rally that began in 1972.[69] Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, campus unrest began to affect the university's academic standing, which had been ranked among the top five in the nation.[70] This standing started to decline during Fleming's tenure. Campus unrest persisted during Harold Tafler Shapiro's presidency, which began in 1980, fueled by controversies surrounding the anti-missile Strategic Defense Initiative and investments in South Africa.
President James Duderstadt would succeed Shapiro and remain president until 1996.[71] He facilitated achievements in the campus's physical growth and fundraising efforts. Duderstadt's successor, Lee Bollinger, conducted several major construction projects like the School of Social Work building[72] and the Tisch Hall, named in honor of alumnus Preston Robert Tisch.[73] In 2003, two lawsuits involving the university's affirmative action admissions policy reached the U.S. Supreme Court: Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger. In 2002, the university elected its first female president, Mary Sue Coleman, by unanimous vote.[74][75] Throughout her presidency, Michigan's endowment saw continued growth, accompanied by a major fundraising drive known as "The Michigan Difference".[76] The Coleman's administration faced labor disputes with the university's labor unions, notably with the Lecturers' Employees Organization and the Graduate Employees Organization. In the early 2000s, the university faced declining state funding, prompting suggestions for privatization.[77][78] Despite being a state institution de jure, it adopted private funding models.[79] A 2008 legislative panel further recommended converting it to a private institution due to its minimal ties to the state.[80] Mark Schlissel succeeded Coleman in 2014. Before his firing in 2022, Schlissel expanded financial aid offerings,[81] enhanced international engagement,[82] and raised student diversity.[83] He also led initiatives in biosciences[84] and the arts.[85] The university's 15th and current president, Santa Ono, was elected in 2022.
Historical links
University presidents Harry Burns Hutchins, left, and James Burrill Angell, center, with Cornell University founder Andrew Dickson White, right, in a 1900s photograph
The founding of the University of Michigan in the 19th century was influenced by the transatlantic Republic of Letters, an intellectual community that spanned Europe and the Americas.[40]: 39–53 Key figures, such as Henry Philip Tappan, were instrumental in aligning the university with the ideals championed by the intellectual community, including liberty, reason, and scientific inquiry.[40]: 39–53 Alumni and faculty from Michigan, like Andrew Dixon White, carried these ideals forward as they shaped other institutions.[86] Notably, Cornell alumni David Starr Jordan and John Casper Branner later introduced these concepts to Stanford University in the late 19th century.[86] Early university leaders, such as James Burrill Angell, played a significant role in establishing other state universities by sharing their insights and experiences.[40]: 63–75 Consequently, Clark Kerr, the first chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, referred to Michigan as the "mother of state universities."[87]
University of California: had its early planning based upon the University of Michigan.[88][89]
University of Chicago: Michigan alumnus Robert Ezra Park played a leading role in the development of the Chicago School of sociology. The University of Chicago Laboratory School was founded in 1896 by John Dewey and Calvin Brainerd Cady, who were members of the Michigan faculty.
Cornell University: Andrew Dixon White and Charles Kendall Adams, the first and second presidents of Cornell, respectively, were members of the Michigan faculty. Cornell had its Law School founded by Michigan alumni Charles Kendall Adams and Harry Burns Hutchins. Additionally, White appointed Moses Coit Tyler to be the first full professor of American history at Cornell.
Harvard University: Michigan alumnus Edwin Francis Gay was the founding dean of the Harvard Business School from 1908 to 1919,[90] instrumental in the school's planning.
Johns Hopkins University: had its pharmacology department established by John Jacob Abel, an alumnus of Michigan.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: had its Media Lab co-founded by Michigan alumnus Jerome Wiesner. Nicholas Negroponte, the co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of the Media Lab, has held a visiting professorship at the University of Michigan.
Northwestern University: Michigan alumnus Henry Wade Rogers was instrumental in transforming Northwestern from a small cluster of colleges into a major, nationally recognized university. His wife, Emma Winner Rogers, founded the Northwestern University Settlement Association.[91]
Syracuse University: Alexander Winchell and Erastus O. Haven, the first and second chancellors of Syracuse University, respectively, were members of the Michigan faculty.
Wellesley College: Michigan alumna Alice Freeman Palmer, the President of Wellesley College from 1881 to 1887, "transformed the fledgling school from one devoted to Christian domesticity into one of the nation's premier colleges for women."[92]
Yale University: had its residential college system co-organized by James Rowland Angell, a graduate of Michigan.[93] Michigan alumnus Henry Wade Rogers introduced the "case system" and the college degree requirement into the Yale Law School.
Campus
MapWikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
University of Michigan Campus
Historic buildings
Museums
Libraries
Arts venues
Housing and dining
Open spaces
Sports
University of Michigan campus
Law Quadrangle on Central Campus, which houses the law school, comprises Hutchins Hall, William W. Cook Legal Research Library, John P. Cook Dormitory, and Lawyers Club & Munger Residences.
The University of Michigan's campus in Ann Arbor is divided into four main areas: the Central Campus, the North Campus, the North Medical Campus, and the Athletic Campus (South Campus). The campus areas include more than 500 major buildings,[94] with a combined area of more than 37.48 million square feet (860 acres; 3.482 km2).[95] The Central and South Campus areas are contiguous, while the North Campus area is separated from them, primarily by the Huron River.[96] The North Medical Campus was developed on Plymouth Road, with several university-owned buildings for outpatient care, diagnostics, and outpatient surgery.[97]
There is leased space in buildings scattered throughout the city, many occupied by organizations affiliated with the University of Michigan Health System. In addition to the University of Michigan Golf Course on South Campus, the university operates a second golf course on Geddes Road called Radrick Farms Golf Course. The golf course is only open to faculty, staff and alumni.[98] The university also operates a large office building called Wolverine Tower in southern Ann Arbor.
The Inglis House is an off-campus facility, which the university has owned since the 1950s. The Inglis House is a 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) mansion used to hold various social events, including meetings of the Board of Regents, and to host visiting dignitaries.[99] Another major off-campus facility is the Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which is located on the eastern outskirts of the City of Ann Arbor.[100]
Newberry Hall, named in honor of alumnus John S. Newberry, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It hosted the first congregation of the National Republican College League on May 17, 1892, where then-Governor of Ohio and later President William McKinley gave a keynote speech.
All four campus areas are connected by bus services, the majority of which connect the North and Central campuses. There is a shuttle service connecting the University Hospital, which lies between North and Central campuses, with other medical facilities throughout northeastern Ann Arbor.[101]
Central Campus Historic District
Further information: University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District
James Burrill Angell Hall on Central Campus serves as a major academic building for the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
The Central Campus was the original location of University of Michigan when it moved to Ann Arbor in 1837. It originally had a school and dormitory building (where Mason Hall now stands) and several houses for professors on 40 acres (16 ha) of land bounded by North University Avenue, South University Avenue, East University Avenue, and State Street. The President's House, located on South University Avenue, is the oldest building on campus as well as the only surviving building from the original 40-acre (16 ha) campus.[27] Because Ann Arbor and Central Campus developed simultaneously, there is no distinct boundary between the city and university, and some areas contain a mixture of private and university buildings.[102] The Central Campus residence halls are split up into two groups: the Hill Neighborhood and Central Campus.[103]
The Central Campus is the location of the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, and is immediately adjacent to the medical campus. Most of the graduate and professional schools, including the Ross School of Business, the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, the Law School and the School of Dentistry, are on Central Campus. Two prominent libraries, the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library and the Shapiro Undergraduate Library (which are connected by a skywalk), are also on Central Campus.[104] as well as museums housing collections in archaeology, anthropology, paleontology, zoology, dentistry and art. Ten of the buildings on Central Campus were designed by Detroit-based architect Albert Kahn between 1904 and 1936 including Burton Memorial Tower and Hill Auditorium.[105]
North Campus
Earl V. Moore Building on North Campus
The North Campus is the most contiguous campus, built independently from the city on a large plot of farmland—approximately 800 acres (3.2 km2)—that the university bought in 1952.[106] It is newer than Central Campus, and thus has more modernist architecture, whereas most Central Campus buildings are classical or Collegiate Gothic in style. The architect Eero Saarinen, based in Birmingham, Michigan, created one of the early master plans for North Campus and designed several of its buildings in the 1950s, including the Earl V. Moore School of Music Building.[107] North and Central Campuses each have unique bell towers that reflect the predominant architectural styles of their surroundings. Each of the bell towers houses a grand carillon, 2 of only 57 globally. The North Campus tower is called Lurie Tower.[108] The University of Michigan's largest residence hall, Bursley Hall, is part of North Campus.[103]
The North Campus houses the College of Engineering, the School of Music, Theatre & Dance, the Stamps School of Art & Design, the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, and an annex of the School of Information.[109] The campus is served by the Duderstadt Center, which houses the Art, Architecture and Engineering Library. The Duderstadt Center also contains multiple computer labs, video editing studios, electronic music studios, an audio studio, a video studio, multimedia workspaces, and a 3D virtual reality room.[110] Other libraries located on North Campus include the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and the Bentley Historical Library.
Athletic Campus
The University of Michigan Golf Course was designed by Scottish golf course architect Alister MacKenzie and opened in 1931
The Athletic Campus, or South Campus, is the site for the athletic programs, including major sports facilities such as Michigan Stadium, Crisler Center, and Yost Ice Arena. The campus area is also the site of the Buhr library storage facility, Revelli Hall, home of the Michigan Marching Band, the Institute for Continuing Legal Education,[111] and the Student Theatre Arts Complex, which provides shop and rehearsal space for student theatre groups.[112] The university's departments of public safety and transportation services offices are located on South Campus.[111]
The University of Michigan Golf Course is located south of Michigan Stadium. It was designed in the late 1920s by Alister MacKenzie, the designer of Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, home of the Masters Tournament.[113] The course opened to the public in 1931 and has one of "the best holes ever designed by Augusta National architect Alister MacKenzie" according to the magazine Sports Illustrated in 2006.[114]
Organization and administration
Governance
See also: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan and President of the University of Michigan
Photograph of Michigan University Regents 75th Anniversary Celebration on June 27, 1912.
Standing L-R: Frank B. Leland, John H. Grant, Shirley W. Smith, Harry O. Bulkey, William L. Clements, Lucius Lee Hubbard, Benjamin Hanchett, Junius E. Beal
Seated L-R: Luther L. Wright, James B. Angell, Harry B. Hutchins, Walter M. Sawyer
The University of Michigan is governed by the Board of Regents, established by the Organic Act of March 18, 1837. It consists of eight members, elected at large in biennial state elections[115] for overlapping eight-year terms.[116][117] As of 2021–22, the board is chaired by Jordan B. Acker (B.A. '06).
Before the Office of President was established in 1850, the University of Michigan was directly managed by the appointed Board of Regents, with a rotating group of professors to carry out the day-to-day administration duties.[118] The Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1850 restructured the university's administration. It established the Office of the President and transitioned the Board of Regents to an elected body. The state constitution granted the Board of Regents the power to appoint a non-voting presiding president to lead their meetings,[119] effectively elevating the board to the level of a constitutional corporation independent of the state administration and making the University of Michigan the first public institution of higher education in the country so organized.
The board delegates its power to the university president who serves as the chief executive officer responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the university, that is, the main campus in Ann Arbor. The president retains authority over the regional campuses in Dearborn and Flint but is not directly involved in their day-to-day management. Instead, two separate chancellors are appointed by the president to serve as chief executive officers overseeing each regional campus. All presidents are appointed by the Board of Regents to serve five-year terms, at the board's discretion, and there are no term limits for university presidents. The board has the authority to either terminate the president's tenure or extend it for an additional term.
The university's current president is Santa Ono, formerly the president of the University of British Columbia in Canada. After an extensive presidential search conducted by the executive search firm Isaacson, Miller, the board announced its selection of Santa Ono as the university's 15th President on July 13, 2022.[120][121] Ono assumed office on October 14, 2022, succeeding the outgoing president Mark Schlissel.[122][123] Ono is the first Asian American president of the university, as well as the second to have been born in Canada, since the 10th president, Harold Tafler Shapiro. Laurie McCauley has been serving as the 17th and current provost of the university since May 2022, and she was recommended by the president to serve a full term through June 30, 2027.[124]
The President's House, located at 815 South University Avenue on the Ann Arbor campus, is the official residence and office of the University President. Constructed in 1840, the three-story Italianate President's House is the oldest surviving building on the Ann Arbor campus and a University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District contributing property.[125]
Student government
The Central Student Government, housed in the Michigan Union, is the university's student government. As a 501(c)(3) independent organization, it represents students from all colleges and schools, manages student funds on campus, and has representatives from each academic unit. The Central Student Government is separate from the University of Michigan administration.[126]
Samuel Trask Dana Building (West Medical Building) houses the School for Environment and Sustainability
Over the years, the Central Student Government has led voter registration drives,[127] revived Homecoming events,[128] changed a football seating policy,[129] and created a Student Advisory Council for Ann Arbor city affairs.[130] A longstanding goal of the Central Student Government has been to create a student-designated seat on the Board of Regents.[131] In 2000 and 2002, students Nick Waun, Scott Trudeau, Matt Petering, and Susan Fawcett ran for the Board of Regents on the statewide ballot as third-party nominees, though none were successful.[132] A 1998 poll by the State of Michigan concluded that a majority of voters would approve adding a student regent position if put to a vote.[131] However, amending the composition of the Board of Regents would require a constitutional amendment in Michigan.[133]
In addition to the Central Student Government, each college and school at the University of Michigan has its own independent student governance body. Undergraduate students in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts are represented by the LS&A Student Government.[134] Engineering Student Government manages undergraduate student government affairs for the College of Engineering. Graduate students enrolled in the Rackham Graduate School are represented by the Rackham Student Government, and law students are represented by the Law School Student Senate as is each other college with its own respective government. In addition, the students who live in the residence halls are represented by the University of Michigan Residence Halls Association, which contains the third most constituents after Central Student Government and LS&A Student Government.[135]
Finances
The William W. Cook Legal Research Library and other buildings comprising the Law Quadrangle were built during 1923–33 and then donated to the university by William Wilson Cook. It was the university's most significant private gift at the time.
In the fiscal year 2022–23, the State of Michigan spent $333 million on the university, which represents 3.03% of its total operating revenues of $11 billion.[136] The university is the second-largest recipient of state appropriations for higher education in Michigan for 2022-23, trailing Michigan State University ($372 million).[137] The Office of Budget and Planning reports that Michigan Medicine's auxiliary activities are the largest funding source, contributing $6.05 billion to the Auxiliary Funds, which accounts for 55.1% of the total operating budget. Student tuition and fees contributed $1.95 billion to the General Fund, accounting for 11% of the total budget.[136] Research grants and contracts from the U.S. federal government contributed $1.15 billion to the Expendable Restricted Funds, accounting for 10.4% of the total budget.[136]
The university's current (FY 2022–23) operating budget has four major sources of funding:[136]
General Fund money, which accounts for 25.4% of the operating budget, is derived from various sources: student tuition and fees ($1.95 billion or 75.2%), state support ($333 million or 12.8%), sponsored research ($301 million or 11.6%), and other revenue ($8 million or 0.3%). It covers the costs of teaching, student services, facilities, and administrative support. The state's annual contribution to the school's operating budget was 3.03% in 2023 and does not cover intercollegiate athletics, housing, or Michigan Medicine.[136]
Auxiliary Funds, which account for 58.2% of the operating budget, are sourced from self-supporting units and do not receive taxpayer or tuition support. These include Michigan Medicine ($6.16 billion), intercollegiate athletics ($186 million), student housing ($160 million), and student publications.[136]
Expendable Restricted Funds, which account for 14.2% of the operating budget, are from providers who designate how their money is spent. Funding comes from research grants and contracts, endowment payout ($305 million), and private gifts ($157 million). It pays for scholarships and fellowships; salaries, benefits and research support for some faculty; and research, programs and academic centers.[136]
Designated Funds, which account for 2.2% of the operating budget, come from fees charged for and spent on experiential learning, programs, conferences, performance venues, and executive and continuing education.[136]
Endowment
The university's financial endowment, known as the "University Endowment Fund", comprises over 12,400 individual funds.[138] Each fund must be spent according to the donor's specifications.[138] Approximately 28% of the total endowment is allocated to support academic programs, while 22% is designated for student scholarships and fellowships.[138] Approximately 19% of the endowment was allocated to Michigan Medicine and can only be used to support research, patient care, or other purposes specified by donors.[138]
As of 2023, the university's endowment, valued at $17.9 billion, ranks as the tenth largest among all universities in the country.[139][140] The university ranks 86th in endowment per student.[139] The law school's endowment, totaling over $500 million, has a significantly higher per-student value compared to that of its parent university.[141] It ranks as the eighth wealthiest law school in the nation in 2022.[141]
Schools and colleges
There are thirteen undergraduate schools and colleges.[142] By enrollment, the three largest undergraduate units are the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, the College of Engineering, and the Ross School of Business.[143] At the graduate level, the Rackham School of Graduate Studies serves as the central administrative unit of graduate education at the university.[144] There are 18 graduate schools and colleges. Professional degrees are conferred by the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, the School of Nursing, the School of Dentistry, the Law School, the Medical School, and the College of Pharmacy.[143] Michigan Medicine, the university's health system, comprises the university's three hospitals, dozens of outpatient clinics, and many centers for medical care, research, and education.
College/school Year
founded[145] Enrollment
(FA 2023) General Fund Budget
($, 2022–23)[136] Budget
per student
($, 2022–23)[136]
A. Alfred Taubman College of
Architecture & Urban Planning 1906 737 25,707,200 34,881
School of Dentistry 1875 670 41,055,284 61,277
College of Engineering 1854 11,113 276,845,246 24,912
School for Environment and Sustainability 1927 516 28,034,976 54,331
School of Information 1969 1,760 50,147,537 28,493
School of Kinesiology 1984 1,312 22,088,845 16,836
Law School 1859 1,017 57,495,856 56,535
College of Literature, Science, and the Arts 1841 21,973 522,704,411 23,788
Marsal Family School of Education 1921 371 19,058,427 51,370
Medical School 1921 1,677 124,714,812 74,368
School of Music, Theatre & Dance 1880 1,134 43,101,134 38,008
School of Nursing 1893 1,183 31,644,687 26,750
College of Pharmacy 1876 561 22,056,888 39,317
School of Public Health 1941 1,162 49,478,265 42,580
Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy 1914 362 17,191,821 47,491
Stephen M. Ross School of Business 1924 4,433 137,479,144 31,013
School of Social Work 1951 940 31,557,111 33,571
Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design 1974 740 18,111,495 24,475
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor* – 52,065 2,590,485,130 49,755
*included other standalone units
Academics
Admissions
Undergraduate
First-time fall freshman statistics of
the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
2023[146] 2022[147] 2021[148] 2020[149] 2019[150]
Applicants 87,605 84,289 79,743 65,021 64,972
Admits 15,714 14,914 16,071 16,974 14,883
Admit rate 17.94% 17.69% 20.15% 26.11% 22.91%
Enrolled 7,462 7,050 7,290 6,879 6,830
Yield 47.49% 47.27% 45.36% 40.53% 45.89%
SAT range 1350–1530 1350–1530 1360–1530 1340–1520 1340–1530
ACT range 31–34 31–34 31–35 31–34 31–34
U.S. News & World Report rates Michigan "Most Selective"[151] and The Princeton Review rates its admissions selectivity of 96 out of 99.[152] Admissions are characterized as "more selective, lower transfer-in" according to the Carnegie Classification.[153][154] Michigan received over 83,000 applications for a place in the 2021–22 freshman class, making it one of the most applied-to universities in the United States.[154][155] Of those students accepted to Michigan's Class of 2027, 7,050 chose to attend.
Admission is based on academic prowess, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities. The university's admission process is need-blind for domestic applicants.[156] Admissions officials consider a student's standardized test scores, application essay and letters of recommendation to be important academic factors, with emphasis on an applicant's academic record and GPA, while ranking an applicant's high school class rank as 'not considered'.[147][148] In terms of non-academic materials as of 2022, Michigan ranks character/personal qualities and whether the applicant is a first-generation university applicant as 'important' in making first-time, first-year admission decisions, while ranking extracurricular activities, talent/ability, geographical residence, state residency, volunteer work, work experience and level of applicant's interest as 'considered'.[147] Some applicants to Music, Theatre and Dance and some applicants to the College of Engineering may be interviewed.[147] A portfolio is required and considered for admission for Art, Architecture and the Ross School of Business.[147] Submission of standardized test scores is recommended but not compulsory.[157] Of the 52% of enrolled freshmen in 2023 who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1350–1530. Of the 18% of the incoming freshman class who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 31 and 34.
Since the fall of 2021, the university has had the largest number of students in the state, surpassing Michigan State University's former enrollment leadership.[158] Given the state's shrinking pool of college-age students, there is public concern that the university's expansion could harm smaller schools by drawing away good students.[159][160] Some of the state's regional public universities and smaller private colleges have already seen significant declines in enrollment, while others face difficulties in maintaining enrollment figures without lowering admission standards.[159]
The university experienced an unexpected surge in student enrollment for the 2023 academic year, having admitted more students than it could support.[161] This over-yield situation has placed considerable strain on student housing affordability, heightened faculty members' workloads, and stretched resources thin.[161] The university is now embracing a steady-state admissions management strategy aimed at maintaining a stable class size.[161]
Graduate
Doctoral program statistics of
the Rackham Graduate School
2023[162] 2022[162] 2021[162] 2020[162] 2019[162]
Applicants 19,098 17,547 18,820 17,061 16,079
Offers 2,816 2,480 2,349 2,326 2,479
Selectivity 14.75% 14.13% 12.48% 13.63% 15.42%
Matriculations 1,233 981 1,013 945 1,078
Yield 43.79% 39.56% 43.12% 40.63% 43.49%
The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, the graduate school of the University of Michigan, received a total of 19,098 applications for admission into its doctoral programs for the 2023 admission year, encompassing the Summer and Fall terms.[162] The school extended offers of admission to 2,816 applicants, representing 14.75% of the applicant pool.[162] Subsequently, 1,233 of the offers were accepted, resulting in a yield rate of 43.79% for the academic year.[162] Applicants may submit multiple applications to different doctoral programs and receive multiple offers, but can only matriculate into one program at a time. Doctoral programs that are not administered by Rackham are not included in the statistics.
The selectivity of admissions to doctoral programs varies considerably among different disciplines, with certain highly competitive fields exhibiting acceptance rates in the single digits. For instance, in 2023, the field of Business Administration admitted only 5.2% of its 519 applicants. Similarly, the field of Sociology had a selectivity rate of 5.01%, selecting from a pool of 439 applicants. The field of Psychology was even more competitive, with a selectivity rate of 4.1% out of 805 applicants. Other traditionally highly competitive fields include Philosophy, Public Policy & Economics, Political Science, and Robotics.[162]
History of admissions policies
Enrollment in University of Michigan-Ann Arbor (2013–2024)
Academic Year Undergraduates Graduate Total Enrollment
2013–2014[163] 28,283 15,427 43,710
2014–2015[164] 28,395 15,230 43,625
2015–2016[165] 28,312 15,339 43,651
2016–2017[166] 28,964 15,754 44,718
2017–2018[167] 29,821 16,181 46,002
2018–2019[168] 30,318 16,398 46,716
2019–2020[150] 31,266 16,824 48,090
2020–2021[149] 31,329 16,578 47,907
2021–2022[148] 32,282 17,996 50,278
2022–2023[147] 32,695 18,530 51,225
2023–2024[146] 33,730 18,335 52,065
In August 1841, the university first published its admission requirements for incoming freshmen. These criteria placed a strong emphasis on proficiency in ancient languages, particularly Latin and Greek.[11]: 33 Prospective students faced an examination process that assessed their knowledge across various subjects, including arithmetic, algebra, English grammar, geography, Latin literature (Virgil and Cicero's Select Orations), Greek literature (Jacob's or Felton's Greek Reader), Latin grammar (Andrews and Stoddard's), and Greek grammar (Sophocles's).
A decade later, the university made a significant change to its admission policy. In 1851, it introduced a more flexible approach by waiving the ancient language requirement for students not pursuing the traditional collegiate course and allowing admission without examination in classical languages for these students.[11]: 44 This adjustment can be viewed as a prelude to scientific education, signaling a gradual shift from the classical curriculum to a more diverse and modern academic offering.
The archway to the Law Quadrangle
In the early days of the university, the admission requirements varied across different departments, and most admissions were based on referrals. However, in 1863, a standardized entrance examination was introduced, establishing a single set of qualifications for admission to all academic and professional departments. [11]: 79 The university administration at the time praised the implementation of this entrance examination, recognizing its contribution to enhancing the admission process.[11]: 44 This entrance examination played a crucial role in the admission process throughout the 19th century until the introduction of nationwide standardized tests.
Affirmative action
Main article: Affirmative action at the University of Michigan
In 2003, two lawsuits involving U-M's affirmative action admissions policy reached the U.S. Supreme Court (Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger). President George W. Bush publicly opposed the policy before the court issued a ruling.[169] The court found that race may be considered as a factor in university admissions in all public universities and private universities that accept federal funding, but it ruled that a point system was unconstitutional. In the first case, the court upheld the Law School admissions policy, while in the second it ruled against the university's undergraduate admissions policy.[citation needed] The debate continued because in November 2006, Michigan voters passed Proposal 2, banning most affirmative action in university admissions. Under that law, race, gender, and national origin can no longer be considered in admissions.[170] U-M and other organizations were granted a stay from implementation of the law soon after that referendum. This allowed time for proponents of affirmative action to decide legal and constitutional options in response to the initiative results. In April 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action that Proposal 2 did not violate the U.S. Constitution. The admissions office states that it will attempt to achieve a diverse student body by looking at other factors, such as whether the student attended a disadvantaged school, and the level of education of the student's parents.[170]
Undergraduate graduation and retention
Among all first-time freshmen students who enrolled at the university in fall 2017, 82.0% graduated within four years (by August 31, 2021); 10.2% graduated in more than four years but in five years or less (after August 31, 2021 and by August 31, 2022); 1.1% graduated in more than five years but in six years or less (after August 31, 2022 and by August 31, 2023).[146] The percentage of undergraduate students from the fall 2022 cohort returning in fall 2023 was 98.0% for full-time freshman students.[146]
Majors and programs
The university offers 133 undergraduate majors & degrees across the College of Engineering (18), College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (77), College of Pharmacy (1), Ford School of Public Policy (1), LSA Residential College (3), Marsal Family School of Education (3), Ross School of Business (1), School of Dentistry (1), School of Information (2), School of Kinesiology (3), School of Music, Theatre & Dance (16), School of Nursing (1), School of Public Health (2), Stamps School of Art & Design (2), and Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning (2). The most popular undergraduate majors, by 2021 graduates, were computer and information sciences (874), business administration and management (610), economics (542), behavioral neuroscience (319), mechanical engineering (316), experimental psychology (312).[171]
The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies offers more than 180 graduate degree programs in collaboration with fourteen other schools and colleges. Nineteen graduate and professional degree programs, including the juris doctor, master of business administration, doctor of dental surgery, master of engineering, doctor of engineering, doctor of medicine, and doctor of pharmacy, are offered exclusively by the schools and colleges; Rackham does not oversee their administration. The university conferred 4,951 graduate degrees, and 709 first professional degrees in 2011–2012.[172][173]
Employability
The Hutchins Hall Courtyard is shown during an event
The university is listed among the leading suppliers of undergraduate and graduate alumni to Silicon Valley tech firms.[174] In 2015, the university ranked 6th on the list of top feeder schools for Google, which employed over 500 graduates at the time. The university ranked 10th on the list of top feeder schools for Meta.[175] Google and Meta remain the university's first and second top employers in 2024.[176]
The university has ranked 3rd overall in investment banking analyst placements, according to data from Terrain Analytics.[177] This ranking is based on 216 total hires of graduates from 2008 to 2023 who secured positions within the United States, including 74 placements at elite firms such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Evercore, and Centerview Partners.[177] The ranking adjusts to 8th place when accounting for the size of the undergraduate population.[177] The university also ranked 3rd overall in recruiting for undergraduate management consulting jobs, with 102 graduates from 2014-2020 securing positions at the Big Three firms: McKinsey, BCG, and Bain.[178]
In 2022, Michigan Ross ranked 11th among all business schools in the United States according to Poets & Quants, with its MBA graduates earning an average starting base salary of $165,000 and an average sign-on bonus of $30,000.[179]
In academia, the university ranks among the five most common institutions for doctoral training, alongside UC Berkeley, Harvard, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Stanford. Together, these universities have trained one in eight tenure-track faculty members currently serving at institutions of higher learning across the nation.[180]
The U.S. Department of Education reports that as of June 2024, federally aided students who attended University of Michigan-Ann Arbor had a median annual income of $83,648 (based on 2020-2021 earnings adjusted to 2022 dollars) five years after graduation.[181] This figure exceeds both the midpoint for 4-year schools of $53,617 and the U.S. real median personal income of $40,460 for the year 2021 adjusted to 2022 dollars.[181][182] Federally aided bachelor's graduates from the university's largest program, computer and information science, which had over 950 students in the 2020-21 cohort, had a median annual income of $153,297 five years after graduation.[181]
According to data from the U.S. Department of Education, law tops the list of most valuable first professional degrees offered by the university when ranked by earnings potential in 2022, with its federally aided students earning a median salary of $197,273 five years after graduation.[181] Dentistry ($158,677), pharmacy ($142,224), and medicine ($134,187) follow behind in that order.[181]
The fields of business administration ($140,827), economics ($108,627), mathematics ($107,395), and statistics ($105,494) are among the bachelor's degree programs with the highest earning potential offered by the university.[181] In 2022, the university's federally aided students in these programs were earning median salaries exceeding the $100,000 threshold five years after graduation.[181] Additionally, various engineering disciplines such as computer engineering ($123,120), aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering ($113,025), industrial engineering ($109,239), electrical, electronics and communications engineering ($109,107), mechanical engineering ($101,514), chemical engineering ($100,000) are among the top-earning majors.[181] Computer sciences ($153,297) and information science ($125,257) also fall into this high-earning category.[181]
Libraries and publications
Main articles: University of Michigan Library and University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan library system comprises nineteen individual libraries with twenty-four separate collections—roughly 13.3 million volumes as of 2012.[183] The university was the original home of the JSTOR database, which contains about 750,000 digitized pages from the entire pre-1990 backfile of ten journals of history and economics, and has initiated a book digitization program in collaboration with Google.[184] The University of Michigan Press is also a part of the library system.
Several academic journals are published at the university:
The Law School publishes Michigan Law Review and six other law journals: The Michigan Journal of Environmental and Administrative Law, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Michigan Journal of Race & Law, Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review, Michigan Journal of International Law, and Michigan Journal of Gender and Law.[185]
The Ross School of Business publishes the Michigan Journal of Business.
Several undergraduate journals are also published at the university, including the Michigan Journal of Political Science, Michigan Journal of History, University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Journal, the Michigan Journal of International Affairs, and the Michigan Journal of Asian Studies.
Reputation and rankings
Academic rankings
National
ARWU[186] 19
Forbes[187] 29
U.S. News & World Report[188] 21
Washington Monthly[189] 18
WSJ/College Pulse[190] 28
Global
ARWU[186] 30
QS[191] 44
THE[192] 23
U.S. News & World Report[193] 19 (tie)
The University of Michigan is a large, four-year, residential research university accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.[153][194][195] The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments and emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with a high level of coexistence between graduate and undergraduate programs. The university has "very high" research activity and the comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields as well as professional degrees in medicine, law, and dentistry.[153] The university has been included on Richard Moll's list of Public Ivies.[196]
National rankings
The 2021 U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges report ranked the university 3rd among public universities in the United States.[197] Michigan was ranked 6th in the 2021 U.S. News & World Report Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs Rankings.[198] Michigan was ranked 3rd in the 2021 U.S. News & World Report Best Undergraduate Business Programs Rankings.[199] The 2020 Princeton Review College Hopes & Worries Survey ranked Michigan as the No. 9 "Dream College" among students and the No. 7 "Dream College" among parents.[200]
National Institution Rankings
Institution Rank Year Change
(Y/Y) Source[201][202]
Undergraduate
University of Michigan—Ann Arbor Best National Universities 21 2023 U.S. News
Dream College Among Students 5 2024 Increase 4 Princeton
Review
Dream College Among Parents 6 2024 Increase 2 Princeton
Review
Undergraduate Research/
Creative Projects =5 – U.S. News
College of Engineering Undergraduate Engineering =5 – U.S. News
School of Nursing Bachelor of Science in Nursing =7 – U.S. News
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts Undergraduate Psychology =3 – U.S. News
Graduate
College of Engineering Best Engineering Schools =9 2024 Decrease 2 U.S. News
Aerospace Engineering 6 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Biomedical Engineering =10 2024 Decrease 1 U.S. News
Chemical Engineering =7 2024 U.S. News
Civil Engineering =5 2024 Steady U.S. News
Computer Engineering =6 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Electrical Engineering =7 2024 Decrease 3 U.S. News
Environmental Engineering =2 2024 Steady U.S. News
Industrial Engineering 2 2024 Steady U.S. News
Materials Engineering =8 2024 Decrease 1 U.S. News
Mechanical Engineering =6 2024 Decrease 1 U.S. News
Nuclear Engineering 1 2024 Steady U.S. News
Gerald R. Ford School of
Public Policy Best Public Affairs Programs =4 2024 Steady U.S. News
Political Science =4 2021 U.S. News
School of Information Best Library and
Information Studies Programs =6 2021 U.S. News
Marsal Family School of
Education Best Education Schools =3 2024 Decrease 2 U.S. News
School of Public Health Best Public Health Schools =5 2024 Steady U.S. News
Biostatistics 4 2022 U.S. News
Health Care Management =3 2023 U.S. News
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts Biological Sciences =23 2022 U.S. News
Chemistry =14 2023 U.S. News
Clinical Psychology (Doctorate) =10 2020 U.S. News
Earth Sciences =9 2023 U.S. News
Economics =12 2022 U.S. News
English =8 2021 U.S. News
History =2 2021 U.S. News
Mathematics 11 2023 U.S. News
Physics =13 2023 U.S. News
Psychology =3 2022 U.S. News
Sociology =2 2021 U.S. News
Statistics =7 2022 U.S. News
School of Social Work Best Schools for Social Work 1 2024 Steady U.S. News
Stamps School of Art & Design Best Art Schools =8 2020 U.S. News
Stephen M. Ross School of
Business Best B-Schools 9 2023–24 Bloomberg
Businessweek
Best Business Schools =12 2024 Decrease 4 U.S. News
Part-time MBA 6 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Professional
Law School Best Law Schools =9 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Medical School Best Medical Schools: Research =13 2023 U.S. News
Best Medical Schools: Primary Care =26 2023 U.S. News
School of Nursing Best Nursing Schools: Master's 7 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Best Nursing Schools: Doctor of
Nursing Practice =8 2024 Decrease 2 U.S. News
Midwifery =6 2024 Decrease 4 U.S. News
College of Pharmacy Best Pharmacy Schools =2 2024 Increase 1 U.S. News
Other
University of Michigan—Ann Arbor Top Public Schools 3 2023 U.S. News
Public Universities 1 2022 THE
Top 25 Public Colleges 4 2023 Forbes
Top Public Universities In America 2 2024 Niche
World rankings
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor was ranked 26th among world universities in 2023 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities, based on the number of alumni or staff as Nobel laureates and Fields Medalists, the number of highly cited researchers, the number of papers published in Nature and Science, the number of papers indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index, and the per capita academic performance of the institution.
The 2024 edition of the CWUR Rankings ranked the university 13th nationally and 16th globally, with an overall score of 89.1, taking into account all four areas evaluated by CWUR: education, employability, faculty, and research.[203][204] The university excels in research (ranked 9th globally), measured by the total number of research papers (10% weight), the number of research papers appearing in top-tier journals (10% weight), the number of research papers appearing in highly-influential journals (10% weight), and the number of highly-cited research papers (10% weight).[203] However, its ranking in the faculty category is relatively lower at 63rd globally. This metric evaluates the number of faculty members who have received prestigious academic distinctions (10% weight).[203] The university's employability ranking is 42nd globally, based on the professional success of the university's alumni, measured relative to the institution's size (25% weight).[203] In the education category, the university is ranked 35th globally. This metric assesses the academic success of the university's alumni, measured relative to the institution's size (25% weight).[203]
In the 2025 QS World University Rankings, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor was ranked 44nd in the world, its lowest position in 10 years, with an overall score of 79.[205][206] The university excels in academic reputation (97.9), international research network (95.8), employment outcomes (94.5), and employer reputation (92.1), indicating a strong academic standing and industry recognition. However, it lags in areas like international faculty ratio (65.5), sustainability (62.2), citations per faculty (47.6), and international students ratio (39.2). The faculty-student ratio (80.3) is decent but could be improved.[205]
World University Rankings
Institution Rank Year Change
(Y/Y) Change
(5 Yr.) Source[207]
University of Michigan—Ann Arbor Academic Ranking of
World Universities 26 2023 Increase 2 Decrease 6 ShanghaiRanking
Best Global Universities 19 2022–23 U.S. News
Top Global Universities 44 2025 Decrease 11 Decrease 23 QS
World University Rankings 23 2024 Steady Decrease 2 THE
World Reputation Rankings 18 2023 Steady Decrease 3 THE
World University Rankings 16 2024 Steady Steady CWUR
World Rankings by Subject
Research
R&D statistics, by year
National Science
Foundation Nature Index
Total R&D
expenditures
($000) National
rank Share* National
rank Global
rank
2023 – – Increase 380.50[208] 4 21
2022 Increase1,770,708[209] 4 Increase 372.55[210] 6 23
2021 Decrease 1,639,645[209] 3 Decrease 338.53[211] 6 24
2020 Decrease 1,673,862[209] 2 Increase 398.65[212] 4 16
2019 Increase 1,675,805[209] 2 Decrease 343.97[213] 5 19
2018 Increase 1,600,869[209] 2 Increase 344.07[214] 6 19
2017 Increase 1,530,139[209] 2 Increase 336.04[215] 5 16
*Time frame: January 1 - December 31
Clarivate
(Web of Science) National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering,
and Medicine
Total faculty* Research
faculty** Highly Cited
Researchers National
Academy
members National
rank
2023 8,189[216] 657[216] Decrease 28[217] – –
2022 7,954[216] 697[216] Increase 32[217] – –
2021 7,719[216] 868[216] Decrease 27[217] – –
2020 7,667[216] 854[216] Decrease 29[217] – –
2019 7,664[216] 898[216] Decrease 37[217] 120[218] 10
2018 7,570[216] 907[216] Increase 38[217] 118[219] 9
2017 7,329[216] 891[216] Decrease 20[217] 113[220] 12
2016 7,225[216] 892[216] Steady 25[217] 108[221] 13
2015 7,056[216] 872[216] Decrease 25[217] 106[222] 13
*Regular Instructional//Research/Librarinan/Curator/Archivist,
Supplemental Instructional/Research, Emeritus/a
**Starting in Fall 2022, this figure excludes librarian/curator/archivist
appointments
The University of Michigan is one of the twelve founding members (in the year 1900) of the Association of American Universities. The university manages one of the largest annual collegiate research budgets of any university in the United States. According to the National Science Foundation, the university spent $1.639 billion on research and development in 2021, ranking it 3rd in the nation.[223] This figure totaled over $1 billion in 2009.[224] The Medical School spent the most at over $445 million, while the College of Engineering was second at more than $160 million.[224] The university has a significant presence in the Nature Index, ranking 6th nationally and 23rd globally among research institutions, with a share of 365.97 and a count of 1199 in 2022.[210]
In 2023, the university's research faculty headcount was 657, not including librarian, curator, and archivist appointments which were no longer counted in this figure starting from Fall 2022.[216] The university boasted 28 researchers who were recognized by Clarivate as being highly cited in 2023.[217] In 2019, the university had 120 faculty members who were national academy members, placing it 10th among its peers in this metric.[218] Research.com recognized 439 researchers affiliated with the university in their 2023 ranking of top scientists worldwide.[225] This classification is based on the D-index (discipline H-index), with individuals surpassing a predetermined threshold—typically set at 30 or 40—within their respective scientific disciplines.[225]
Discoveries and innovation
Natural science
Bubble chamber – Donald A. Glaser initiated experiments at the university in the early 1950s that resulted in the invention of the bubble chamber.[226]
First measurement of magnetic moment and spin of free electrons and positrons – was conducted by experimental physicist H. Richard Crane at the university.[227]
Computer & applied sciences
Internet – the NSFnet national backbone, an initiative supported by the National Science Foundation and overseen by Douglas Van Houweling while he was serving as chief information officer at the university, was the foundation upon which the global Internet was built.[228]
Michigan Terminal System – is an early time-sharing computer operating system developed at the university, was the first system outside of IBM to use the 360/67's virtual memory features.[229] In the mid-1960s university's researchers worked with IBM to develop a new virtual memory architectural model[230] that model became part of IBM's Model 360/67 mainframe computer (the 360/67 was initially dubbed the 360/65M where the "M" stood for Michigan).[231]
Medical science
Polio vaccine – the discovery and development of the polio vaccine was largely guided by Thomas Francis Jr., an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan. Jonas Salk, one of Francis' research associates at the university, played a key role in the research and testing that resulted in the creation of polio vaccine.[232]
Influenza vaccine – developed at the university by Thomas Francis Jr..[232]
Live attenuated influenza vaccine – developed at the School of Public Health by Hunein Maassab.[233]
Social science
Klein–Goldberger model – is an enhanced macroeconomic model developed by Lawrence Klein and Arthur Goldberger at the university.[234]
Donabedian model – is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care, developed by Avedis Donabedian at the university in 1966.[235]
University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index – is a survey published monthly by the University of Michigan that measures consumer confidence towards the U.S. economy. The consumer confidence measures were devised in the late 1940s by Professor George Katona at the university.
Correlates of War – is an accumulation of scientific knowledge about war. It was started in 1963 at the university by Professor J. David Singer.[236][237]
An early synchrotron at the University of Michigan, built by H. Richard Crane in 1949, was the first synchrotron to use the "racetrack" design.
Research infrastructures
See also: Life Sciences Institute and University of Michigan Institute for Social Research
The university is also home to major research centers in optics, reconfigurable manufacturing systems, wireless integrated microsystems, and social sciences. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute and the Life Sciences Institute are located at the university. The university is a major contributor to the medical field with the EKG[238] and the gastroscope.[239]
The University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, the nation's longest-standing laboratory for interdisciplinary research in the social sciences,[240] is home to the Survey Research Center, Research Center for Group Dynamics, Center for Political Studies, Population Studies Center, and Inter-Consortium for Political and Social Research. Undergraduate students are able to participate in various research projects through the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP) as well as the UROP/Creative-Programs.[241]
In 2009, the university signed an agreement to purchase a facility formerly owned by Pfizer. The acquisition includes over 170 acres (0.69 km2) of property, and 30 major buildings comprising roughly 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 m2) of wet laboratory space, and 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of administrative space. At the time of the agreement, the university's intentions for the space were not fully articulated, but the expectation was that the new space would allow the university to ramp up its research and ultimately employ in excess of 2,000 people.[242]
The Thomas Henry Simpson Memorial Institute for Medical Research was constructed in 1924 as the result of a donation from the widow of iron magnate Thomas H. Simpson, in memory of her late husband, who succumbed to pernicious anemia
The university's 13,000-acre (53 km2) biological station in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan is one of only 47 Biosphere Reserves in the United States.[243] In May 2021, the university announced plans to cut carbon emissions from its campuses. The plan covers all of its operations and goals include removing emissions from direct, on-campus sources by 2040.[244]
Collaborations and networks
The American National Election Studies, formally established by a National Science Foundation grant in 1977, has been based at the University of Michigan since its origin and, since 2005, has been run in partnership with Stanford University. As of 2017, the principal investigators are Ted Brader and Vincent Hutchings of the University of Michigan and Shanto Iyengar of Stanford University.
In the late 1960s the university, together with Michigan State University and Wayne State University, founded the Merit Network, one of the first university computer networks.[245] The Merit Network was then and remains today administratively hosted by the university. In 1987, they led a proposal to upgrade and expand the National Science Foundation Network backbone from 56,000 to 1.5 million, and later to 45 million bits per second.[246]
In 2006, the university joined with Michigan State University and Wayne State University to create the University Research Corridor.[247] The three universities are connected via the high-speed Michigan LambdaRail (MiLR) data network, providing 10 Gbit/s links between their campuses and other major network hubs.[248]
Student life
Student body
Undergraduate student body composition
as of August 2024
Race/Ethnicity[249] Total
White 51%
Asian 18%
Hispanic 8%
Black 4%
American Indian/Alaska Native 0%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0%
Two or more races 5%
Unknown 5%
Foreign national 8%
Socio-Economic Diversity[249]
Students receiving a Pell grant intended for low-income students 18%
As of October 2023, the university had an enrollment of 52,065 students: 33,730 undergraduate students and 18,335 graduate students[250][251] The largest college at the university was the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts with 21,973 students (42.2% of the total student body), followed by the College of Engineering (11,113; 21.3%) and Ross School of Business (4,433; 8.1%). All other colleges each hosted less than 5% of the total student population.[252]
Students come from all 50 U.S. states and nearly 100 countries.[154] As of 2022, 52% of undergraduate students were Michigan residents, while 43% came from other states. The remainder of the undergraduate student body was composed of international students.[253] Of the total student body, 43,253 (83.1%) were U.S. citizens or permanent residents and 8,812 (16.9%) were international students as of November 2023.[254]
In terms of race, as of October 2023 the undergraduate student body was approximately 53% White, 17% Asian, 7% Hispanic, 4% Black, 5% from two or more races, and 5% from an unknown racial composition. The remaining 8% of undergraduates were international students.[249]
According to a 2017 report by the New York Times, the median family income of a student at Michigan was $154,000. 66% of students came from families within the top 20% in terms of income.[255] As of 2022, approximately 23% of in-state undergraduate students and 14% of out-of-state students received a Pell Grant.[253]
Residential life
Main article: University of Michigan Housing
Law Quadrangle
Law Quadrangle, constructed during the decade of 1923–33, was designed by York and Sawyer in the Tudor style. Its design recalled the quadrangles of two ancient English universities, Oxford and Cambridge
The University of Michigan's campus housing system can accommodate approximately 10,000 students.[256] The residence halls are located in three distinct geographic areas on campus: Central Campus, Hill Area (between Central Campus and the University of Michigan Medical Center) and North Campus. Family housing is located on North Campus and mainly serves graduate students. The largest residence hall has a capacity of 1,270 students,[257] while the smallest accommodates 25 residents.[258] A majority of upper-division and graduate students live in off-campus apartments, houses, and cooperatives, with the largest concentrations in the Central and South Campus areas.
Lawyers Club Dining Hall
Stockwell Residence Hall
Groups and activities
Photograph of the University of Michigan Democratic Club in 1898.
Back Row (L–R): Arthur Lacy, C. Thomas, J.M. Baily
Front Row (L–R): F.K. Bowers, C.F. Kelley, C.D. Landis, JS. McElligott
By 2012, the university had 1,438 student organizations.[259] The student body is politically engaged, though, with 96% stating they intended to vote in the 2020 election. It is largely progressive, with 43% identifying as very liberal, 33% as somewhat liberal, and 13% moderate. 11% identified as conservative or very conservative.[260] With a history of student activism, some of the most visible groups include those dedicated to causes such as civil rights and labor rights, such as local chapters of Students for a Democratic Society and United Students Against Sweatshops. Conservative groups also organize, such as the Young Americans for Freedom.[261]
There are also several engineering projects teams, including the University of Michigan Solar Car Team, which has placed first in the North American Solar Challenge six times and third in the World Solar Challenge four times.[262] Michigan Interactive Investments,[263] the TAMID Israel Investment Group, and the Michigan Economics Society[264] are also affiliated with the university.
Crisler Center (formerly known as the University Events Building and Crisler Arena) is an indoor arena located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the home arena for the University of Michigan's men's and women's basketball teams as well as its women's gymnastics team.[3] Constructed in 1967, the arena seats 12,707 spectators. It is named for Herbert O. "Fritz" Crisler, head football coach at Michigan from 1938 to 1947 and athletic director thereafter until his retirement in 1968. Crisler Center was designed by Dan Dworsky, a member of the 1948 Rose Bowl-winning Michigan football team. Among other structures that he has designed is the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Los Angeles Branch.
The arena is often called "The House that Cazzie Built", a reference to player Cazzie Russell, who starred on Michigan teams that won three consecutive Big Ten Conference titles from 1964 to 1966. Russell's popularity caused the team's fan base to outgrow Yost Fieldhouse (now Yost Ice Arena) and prompted the construction of the current facility.[1][2]
At Michigan men's basketball games, the bleacher seats behind the benches are home to the Maize Rage student section.
Tenants
Crisler Center has been the home of Michigan Wolverines men's basketball since its opening in 1967. The women's basketball team has been at Crisler Center since 1974. It has also been the home of Michigan's wrestling, women's volleyball and men's gymnastics teams. The gymnastics team hosted events at Crisler Center from 1978 to 1989. The wrestling team called Crisler Center its home from 1967 to 1989. The women's gymnastics team competed at Crisler Center from 1978 to 1989 before moving to Cliff Keen Arena in 1990 before ultimately returning to Crisler Center as their primary home in 2004.
Other events
Black Panther Bobby Seale at John Sinclair Freedom Rally on 10 December 1971 at Crisler Arena in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Despite being on a Big Ten Conference campus, the facility hosted the 1980–1982 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament. It has also hosted Big Ten and NCAA gymnastics championships, the 1999 Big Ten wrestling championship, and other events. Prior to the opening of Cliff Keen Arena, the arena was the full-time home to the men's and women's gymnastics teams and the wrestling team. The women's gymnastics team continues to hold significant meets in the arena.[3]
The arena has also hosted concerts, including the opening show of Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band's The River Tour. Elvis Presley performed at the arena on April 24, 1977.
Crisler Center was also the site of the famous "ten-for-two" John Sinclair Freedom Rally, featuring John Lennon & Yoko Ono in 1971.
The 2014 NCAA Men's Gymnastics championship was held at Crisler Center. Michigan's Men's Gymnastics team won their second consecutive national championship in that meet.
The arena has also hosted graduations, including Michigan’s Dearborn campus’ winter commencements every year.
Panorama of the interior during a 2008 graduation ceremony.
Renovation
The university completed a $52 million renovation to the Crisler Center in 2012.[6] A new scoreboard was added along with the construction of an athletic facility in between the arena and Michigan Stadium called the Junge Family Champions Center. Along with the Junge Center, the University added the Mortenson Family Plaza on the roof of the Junge Center. The outside walls were torn down and the concourse was expanded. A new grand entrance along with new boxes were expected to be ready by January 2013, but were completed just before the start of the 2012–13 Basketball season, much earlier than originally planned. The renovations also included renovations to the control room, updating the controllers for game stats and content for the University of Michigan football stadium and the Crisler Center.[7]
Part of the Crisler renovation also included the construction of the William Davidson Player Development Center (WDPDC). The $23.2 million facility boasts 2 full courts with 10 baskets, weight room, sports medicine training room, and two identical wings for Men's and Women's basketball offices.[8]
Gallery
John Michael Orr (June 10, 1927 – December 30, 2013) was an American basketball player and coach, best known as the head coach of men's basketball at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, University of Michigan, and at Iowa State University. In the 1975–76 season, Orr was named National Coach of the Year.
Early life and playing career
Orr was born in Taylorville, Illinois or Yale, Kansas[1][2][3][4] and grew up in Taylorville during the Great Depression. Orr attended Taylorville High School under coach Dolph Stanley and in his senior year (1944) led the Tornadoes to a state championship and a 45–0 record, the first team to ever finish a season undefeated in the Illinois High School Association's history.[5] In 2007, Orr was voted one of the "100 Legends of the IHSA Boys Basketball Tournament," recognizing his superior performance in his appearance in the tournament.[6] After high school Orr went to the University of Illinois and was the youngest freshman to compete in three sports. After joining the United States Navy for the end of World War II, Orr returned to the college game at Beloit College. This reunited him with his high school coach Dolph Stanley, who had come to Beloit College as athletic director, head basketball and football coach.[4]
Orr was initially drafted in 1948 BAA draft by the Minneapolis Lakers of the Basketball Association of America, the precursor to the NBA. Orr did not play for the Lakers, and was again drafted the next year in the 2nd round by the St. Louis Bombers. In 1950, Orr played 21 games for the Bombers before moving to the Waterloo Hawks for 13 more games.
Coaching career
In 1951, Orr was named as head coach at Dubuque Senior High School in Dubuque, Iowa, holding the position until 1959.[4] In 1959, Orr joined the collegiate ranks, becoming an assistant coach at Wisconsin.
UMass
Orr attained his first collegiate head coaching position in 1963 at UMass, where he guided the team to 15–9 record in 1963–64.[4]
Michigan
After three seasons at UMass, Orr moved to the University of Michigan in 1967, serving as an assistant under head coach Dave Strack for one season.
In 1968 Orr was named head coach at Michigan, a position he would hold for 12 seasons. His 1973–74 team made it to the Elite Eight in the NCAA tournament and Orr was named Big Ten Coach of the Year. In 1976, Michigan was the NCAA tournament runner-up (to the undefeated Indiana Hoosiers) and Orr was named National Coach of the Year. His 209 wins were the most in Michigan history until John Beilein passed him in 2017.
Iowa State
Orr left Michigan to become the head coach of the Iowa State Cyclones in 1980, a program that had only one postseason appearance of any sort in school history, when it went to the Final Four in 1944. Orr would go on lead the team to six NCAA Tournaments in 14 seasons. The surprise move to Iowa State in 1980 came about when the Iowa State athletic director called to inquire about Orr's assistant, Bill Frieder. When Orr learned how much Iowa State was willing to pay Frieder, Orr negotiated the job for himself. Iowa State initially paid Orr $45,000 annually compared to his $33,665 salary at Michigan.[7] Frieder then would succeed Orr at Michigan. In Orr's fourth season in Ames, Orr led the Cyclones to the 1984 NIT–only the second postseason appearance of any sort in school history. The following season, he led the Cyclones to their first NCAA Tournament berth in 40 years. The following season, Orr's Cyclones reached the Sweet Sixteen of the 1986 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament with a second round victory over the number five ranked team in the nation, Michigan. Orr claims this was the greatest victory of his career. Orr led Iowa State to four more NCAA tournament berths before retiring from Iowa State in 1994. He remains the winningest coach in Iowa State history with 218 wins.
Hilton Coliseum
Orr's Iowa State teams won 76.7% of their games at Hilton Coliseum. Under Orr, attendance numbers more than doubled from the 6,000 fan average that preceded his arrival. The school band would play the theme from The Tonight Show as Orr entered the arena floor before each game and Orr would give a fist pump to the Iowa State crowd. Orr coached Iowa State to 20 victories over teams ranked in the top 25 at Hilton, with writers coining the term “Hilton Magic.” [7]
Currently at Hilton Coliseum, Iowa State donors have access to "Johnny's", a sports bar themed space on the east side of Hilton Coliseum. There are multiple flat-screen TVs as well as food served before the game and snacks served at halftime. Alcoholic beverages are served at the bars. A statue of Johnny Orr sits at the entrance along with cases full of memorabilia from his tenure at Iowa State.
Death
Orr died on December 30, 2013, at the age of 86 at Iowa Methodist Medical Center in Des Moines.[8][9] Orr suffered from complications from a head injury from a fall at home.[10]
Awards and honors
Taylorville High School Hall of Fame (athlete) [11]
1969 – Beloit College Hall of Fame (athlete) [12]
1973 – National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) Hall Of Fame (Athlete) [13]
1973 – Illinois Basketball Coaches Association Hall of Fame [14]
1973–1974 – Big Ten Coach of the Year[15]
1975–1976 – National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) National Coach of the Year [16]
1992 – Dubuque Senior High School Hall of Fame [17]
2001 – Iowa State University Hall of Fame [18]
2004 – Des Moines Register Hall of Fame [19]
2011 – Statue erected in Hilton Coliseum[20]
2011– University of Michigan Hall of Honor[21]
Career statistics
Legend
GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game
FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage
RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game
BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career high
Playing career
NBA
Source[22]
Regular season
Year Team GP FG% FT% APG PPG
1949–50 St. Louis 21 .362 .857 .3 1.9
1949–50 Waterloo 13 .324 .857 1.1 4.0
Career 34 .339 .857 .6 2.7
Head coaching record
College
Statistics overview
Season Team Overall Conference Standing Postseason
UMass Redmen (Yankee Conference) (1963–1966)
1963–64 UMass 15–9 5–5 3rd
1964–65 UMass 13–11 8–2 2nd
1965–66 UMass 11–13 5–5 3rd
UMass: 39–33 18–12
Michigan Wolverines (Big Ten Conference) (1968–1980)
1968–69 Michigan 13–11 7–7 4th
1969–70 Michigan 10–14 5–9 T–6th
1970–71 Michigan 19–7 12–2 2nd NIT Quarterfinal
1971–72 Michigan 14–10 9–5 T–3rd
1972–73 Michigan 13–11 6–8 T–6th
1973–74 Michigan 22–5 12–2 T–1st NCAA Division I Elite Eight
1974–75 Michigan 19–8 12–6 2nd NCAA Division I First Round
1975–76 Michigan 25–7 14–4 2nd NCAA Division I Runner-up
1976–77 Michigan 26–4 16–2 1st NCAA Division I Elite Eight
1977–78 Michigan 16–11 11–7 T–4th
1978–79 Michigan 15–12 8–10 6th
1979–80 Michigan 17–13 8–10 T–6th NIT Third Round
Michigan: 209–113 120–72
Iowa State Cyclones (Big Eight Conference) (1980–1994)
1980–81 Iowa State 9–18 2–12 8th
1981–82 Iowa State 10–17 5–9 6th
1982–83 Iowa State 13–15 5–9 5th
1983–84 Iowa State 16–13 6–8 T–4th NIT First Round
1984–85 Iowa State 21–13 7–7 T–3rd NCAA Division I First Round
1985–86 Iowa State 22–11 9–5 2nd NCAA Division I Sweet 16
1986–87 Iowa State 13–15 5–9 6th
1987–88 Iowa State 20–12 6–8 5th NCAA Division I First Round
1988–89 Iowa State 17–12 7–7 T–4th NCAA Division I First Round
1989–90 Iowa State 10–18 4–10 6th
1990–91 Iowa State 12–19 6–8 5th
1991–92 Iowa State 21–13 5–9 T–6th NCAA Division I Second Round
1992–93 Iowa State 20–11 8–6 T–2nd NCAA Division I First Round
1993–94 Iowa State 14–13 4–10 T–6th
Iowa State: 218–200 79–117
Total: 466–346
National champion Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion
See also