irst is: Nicholas Bruyer sheds new light on how the United States used Treasury notes as a substitute national currency beginning with the War of 1812 and continuing through the end of the Civil War in this richly illustrated hard cover reference. In times of economic crisis and wartime necessity, when gold and silver were insufficient and banks would not loan, time and again the Treasury Department turned to Treasury notes to pay its obligations, from military necessities to congressional salaries. Treasury notes denominated from $3 to $5000 from the War of 1812, the Panic of 1837, the Mexican War, the Panic of 1857 and the Civil War are covered in detail. Also included are notes of the First (1791-1811) and Second (1816-1836) Bank of the United States. Peter Treglia, Director of Currency at Stack’s Bowers Galleries stated "Nicholas J. Bruyer's insightful book not only sheds light on the importance of various types and issues of currency, but it also unravels the mysteries that collectors and scholars have long pondered. With meticulous research and a keen eye for detail, Bruyer masterfully connects the dots, providing the answers we have eagerly awaited. From the earliest days of U.S. issued Treasury Notes to the Civil War, this book serves as a definitive resource, enlightening us with a comprehensive understanding of our nation's monetary heritage. Prepare to embark on an enlightening journey as Bruyer weaves together the threads of history, offering profound insights and a newfound appreciation for the significance of early US Treasury Notes.” Well-known author and currency specialist, Art Friedberg remarked “A sorely-needed book on a subject that has long been insufficiently studied and overlooked by all but a small segment of collectors. It is comprehensive, well written, and beautifully designed and illustrated.”