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USSR vintage poster-calendar "The first start of Buran" 1989
Rarity
The poster measures 90 cm by 62 cm, which is approximately 35 by 24 inches.
| Разработчик |  НПО «Молния» |
|---|---|
| Производитель | Тушинский машиностроительный завод |
| Страна | СССР |
| Назначение | Многоразовый транспортный космический корабль |
| Экипаж | до 10 человек |
| Производство и эксплуатация | |
| Статус | программа остановлена |
| Всего запущено | 1 |
| Первый запуск | 15 ноября 1988 года |
| Последний запуск | 15 ноября 1988 года |
| Ракета-носитель | Энергия |
| Стартовая площадка | площадка 110, Байконур; посадка: аэродром «Юбилейный», Байконур |
| Типичная конфигурация | |
| Стартовая масса | 105 т (без РН) |
| Габариты | |
| Длина | 36,4 м (без РН) |
| Ширина | 24 м (размах крыла) |
| Высота | 16,5 м (с шасси) |
| Диаметр | 5,6 м (фюзеляжа) |
| Полезный объём | 350 м3 |
Buran is a Soviet orbital spacecraft-rocket plane of the reusable space transport system (MTKS), created as part of the Energiya-Buran program.
The first and only space flight "Buran" made on November 15, 1988 in automatic mode, without a crew on board; they didn’t launch it anymore (“Buran” was designed for 100 flights into space [1]: 2). A number of technical solutions obtained during the creation of Buran were used in Russian and foreign rocket and space technology[2]
Purpose
"Buran" was intended for:
launching into orbits, servicing them and returning to Earth spacecraft, cosmonauts and cargo;
carrying out military-applied research and experiments to ensure the creation of large space systems using weapons based on long-known and recently studied physical principles;
solution of target tasks in the interests of the national economy, science and defense;
complex counteraction to the measures of a potential adversary to expand the use of outer space for military purposes[3].
As a military-political system
According to foreign experts, Buran was a response to a similar American Space Shuttle project and was conceived as a military system[4], which, however, was a response to, as it was then believed, the planned use of American shuttles for military purposes[5].
The program has its own history[6]:
In 1972, Nixon announced that the Space Shuttle program was beginning to be developed in the United States. It was declared as a national one, designed for 60 shuttle launches per year, it was supposed to create 4 such ships; the costs of the program were planned at 5 billion 150 million dollars in 1971 prices.
The shuttle launched 29.5 tons into near-Earth orbit and could de-orbit a load of up to 14.5 tons. The weight put into orbit using disposable carriers in America did not even reach 150 tons / year, but here it was conceived 12 times more; nothing was descended from orbit, but here it was supposed to return 820 tons / year ... It was not just a program to create some kind of space system under the motto of reducing transportation costs (ours, our research institute showed that no reduction would actually be observed), it had a clear military purpose.
— Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering
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