All our items are vintage and used unless otherwise stated. None of the cameras, lenses or camera accessories, or other equipment which we are listing have been film tested. The cameras which have been film tested, come without any guarantees that they would work by the time you receive it. We have learnt that shutters can get stuck overnight and that vintage cameras can develop issues with shipping. Keep in mind that most lenses, even brand new lenses may have dust particles inside. It has no effect on image results whatsoever. Most items are collectible and sold accordingly. If you intend to use the items for professional reasons, it is recommended to have it serviced or cleaned, lubricated and adjusted for the best performance. Items are sold AS IS with no returns. We try to point out defects or faults and flaws. Please bear in mind that most of the items are used, vintage, classic and collectible equipment. Although we have a keen eye for these vintage items, we can't guarantee accuracy due to the temperamental nature of such vintage classical equipment.