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Full imperial name: Flavius Iulius Constans
Common name: Constans
Rank: Caesar (AD 333–337), later Augustus (AD 337–350)
Dynasty: Constantinian
Denomination: AE3 (late Roman follis)
Metal: Bronze
Diameter: 16 mm
Weight: 1.69 g
Die axis: not determined
Mint: Antioch
Officina: H
Exergue: SMANH (Sacra Moneta Antiochiae, officina H)
Date of issue: AD 335–337
Legend: FL IVL CONSTANS NOB C
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Expanded titulature: Flavius Iulius Constans Nobilissimus Caesar.
Legend: GLORIA EXERCITVS
Two soldiers standing facing, heads turned toward one another; between them a single military standard.
This variety belongs to the later reduced design of the GLORIA EXERCITVS series, characteristic of the final issues under Constantine I and his sons.
The Roman Imperial Coinage (RIC VII), Antioch mint, one-standard type, officina H.
RIC rarity classification: Common (C).
Condition: VF (Very Fine)
Legends largely legible; principal military details visible; even wear on high points; satisfactory centering.
The coin exhibits a stable, natural archaeological patina of dark olive and brown tones with localized mineral deposits. The surface is stable, with no signs of active bronze disease. Moderate micro-porosity is consistent with 4th-century bronze coinage.
Constans (c. AD 320–350) was the youngest son of Constantine I the Great. Elevated to Caesar in AD 333, he governed the western provinces. After Constantine’s death in AD 337, Constans became Augustus, ruling Italy, Africa, and Illyricum. His reign involved military campaigns against Germanic tribes and internal religious conflicts. In AD 350 he was overthrown by the usurper Magnentius and killed while fleeing.
The “GLORIA EXERCITVS” type reflects the ideological emphasis of the late Constantinian dynasty on the loyalty and central role of the Roman army in maintaining imperial authority.