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Panticapaeum


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Panticapaeum
Παντικάπαιον (in Ancient Greek)
Архітектурно-археологічний комплекс «Стародавнє місто Пантікапей».JPG
The prytaneion of Panticapaeum, second century BC. Kerch's Obelisk of Glory is visible in the background.
Panticapaeum is located in Crimea
Panticapaeum
Shown within Crimea
LocationKerchAutonomous Republic of Crimea
RegionTaurica
Coordinates45°21′3″N 36°28′7″ECoordinates45°21′3″N 36°28′7″E
TypeSettlement
Area100 ha (250 acres)
History
BuilderSettlers from Miletus
Founded7th or 6th century BC
AbandonedApproximately 370 AD
PeriodsArchaic Greek
CulturesGreek
Site notes
ConditionRuined
OwnershipPublic
Public accessYes

Panticapaeum (Ancient GreekΠαντικάπαιονromanizedPantikápaion) was an ancient Greek city on the eastern shore of Crimea, which the Greeks called Taurica. The city was built on Mount Mithridat, a hill on the western side of the Cimmerian Bosporus. It was founded by Milesians in the late 7th or early 6th century BC. The ruins of the site are now located in the modern city Kerch.


Early existence

A coin from Panticapaeum, bearing a star inside a diadem and the letters "ΠΑΝ", 2nd century BC.

During the first centuries of the city's existence, imported Greek articles predominated: pottery (see Kerch Style), terracottas, and metal objects, probably from workshops in RhodesCorinthSamos, and Athens. Local production, imitated from the models, was carried on at the same time. Athens manufactured a special type of bowl for the city, known as Kerch ware. Local potters imitated the Hellenistic bowls known as the Gnathia style as well as relief wares—Megarian bowls. The city minted silver coins from the 5th century BC and gold and bronze coins from the 4th century BC. At its greatest extent it occupied 100 hectares (250 acres). The Hermitage and Kerch Museums contain material from the site, which is still being excavated.

Representations of Pan on 4th century BC gold and silver Pantikapaion coins

Fifth to first centuries BC

In the 5th–4th centuries BC, the city became the residence first of the Archaeanactids and then of the Spartocids, dynasties of Thracian kings of Bosporus, and was hence itself sometimes called Bosporus. Its economic decline in the 4th–3rd centuries BC was the result of the Sarmatian conquest of the steppes and the growing competition of Egyptian grain.

Mithridates

Small statue of Scythians with bows from Panticapeum, fourth century BC.