Naval Aviator Wings: The large gold pin at the top featuring a shield, an anchor, and outspread wings is the insignia for a Naval Aviator (Pilot).
Chief Petty Officer (CPO) Anchors: The four smaller gold pins on the left featuring a fouled anchor (an anchor with a chain wrapped around it) and the letters "USN" are Chief Petty Officer rank insignias.
There appear to be three smaller collar-sized pins and one larger hat-sized pin.
Petty Officer Second Class (PO2) Chevrons: The two pins on the right featuring an eagle (the "crow") over two chevrons indicate the rank of Petty Officer Second Class.
Midshipman or Officer Candidate Anchor: The plain gold anchor in the center (without the "USN" lettering) is typically used for Midshipmen at the Naval Academy or Officer Candidates.