The Seljuks of Rum
The Seljuks’ successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire had paved the way for Turkish settlements in Anatolia. A dynasty with close family and political ties to the Seljuks, the Seljuks of Rum, soon became the new, dominant power in the region. “Rum” was the designation used in Arab history for the Byzantine Empire because of its links to the Roman Empire. In the beginning, the Seljuks of Rum ruled from Iznik, but they were soon pushed back eastward by the Byzantines, after which they made Konya their capital. For a century, the Seljuks of Rum were under constant pressure from the Byzantine Empire, various Crusader armies, and competing Turkic dynasties in Anatolia, such as the Artuqids and Danishmendids, which they managed to conquer in 1177. Pressure from Christian powers diminished from 1204, when a Crusader army conquered and plundered Constantinople and left the Byzantine Empire on the verge of collapse.
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