Jamena (Јамена) is a village in the region of Srem, southwestern Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Šid. Jamena has a population of 1,130 (2002 census), but it is declining. Most of the inhabitants of the village are ethnic Serbs. It is the only place in Serbia that borders Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina (Republika Srpska).

Serbian Orthodox Church in Jamena

Contents

 [hide]

    1 History

    2 Demographics & Historical population

    3 Traffic

    4 Sport and hunting

    5 Economy and features

    6 See also

    7 References

    8 External links

[edit] History

The history of the village dates back to Roman times as a military outpost on the river Sava (Savus River) against the Illyrians. The village has been destroyed and resurrected many times in its history. During World War II in 1943, Jamena was burned to the ground by the Croatian Nazi collaborators - the Ustashe. 2500 civilians were brutally murdered in a two-day rampage; there is a monument to the victims in the center of Jamena. The area and the surrounding forests where the scene of Partisan guerilla activity during WWII, there is a monument to the fighters on the side of the road heading towards Jamena near the army barracks. Since 1945, Jamena has flourished as a wealthy agricultural village on the outskirts of Serbia (Vojvodina).

When Yugoslavia broke apart in 1991, Jamena lost its direct road to Morović and the rest of Serbia, because the only roads from the village go to Račinovci and Strošinci which are in Croatia. During the Yugoslav wars (1991–1995), the village was practically isolated from the rest of Serbia. The natality rate has been falling steadily and the village has rapidly declined in population. It was bombed in 1999 by Nato forces who killed one civilian. In the last few years, the population has steadied because of the people from abroad who have been working for years in Western Europe and who started building new homes in the village.

[edit] Demographics & Historical population

    1961: 1,586

    1971: 1,771

    1981: 1,577

    1991: 1,399

    2002: 1,130

    2005: 1,240

Ethnicity

    Serb 1055 ----- 93,36%

    Croat 32 ---- 2,83%

    Yugoslav 5 ---- 0,44%

    Rusyn 3 ---- 0,26%

    Hungarian 2---- 0,17%

    Montenegrin 1---- 0,08%

    Russian 1 ---- 0,08%

    Muslim 1 ---- 0,08%

    Macedonian 1 ---- 0,08%

    Unknown 8 ---- 0,70%

[1]

[edit] Traffic

The village has a border crossing over the Sava river by ferry into Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska) where some locals commute everyday to work in the Bijeljina area. It also borders Croatia, and there was a campaign to re-open the border with Croatia with the village of Strošinci in 2007,[2] but as of 2010 nothing came of it, much to the dismay of residents from both sides of the border.[3] There is a bus service that runs twice daily, in the morning and late afternoon, to the nearby town of Šid, from which people can travel to all major destinations in Serbia and neighbouring countries. Plans are under way to build a bridge over the river Sava to Bosnia and Hercegovina, construction should start in early 2008. To reach Jamena there is only one road from Morovic which cuts through the forest and runs for approximately 20 km.

    JamenaSign.jpg

    Pic217JamenaTown.jpg

    Pic218JamenaChuch2.jpg

[edit] Sport and hunting

The football team plays under the name of FK Graničar Jamena ("graničar" means "frontiermen" in Serbian) and was formed in 1930. It currently competes in the Šid league, the club colors are red and white. Its ground has seating and shelter for about 300 spectators as well as standing areas. Every summer there is a mini pitch football tournament on the local courts in the village center. Other clubs include the "Sava" hunting club due to the large amount of game in the surrounding forests; game include deer, wild boar and pheasants. It shares the same forest often referred to as Tito's hunting ground with Morovic. The area is also well known as a fishing area due to its close proximity to the Sava river as well as the Bosut river. There is also a ramp for launching boats on the Sava river in Jamena. As the village is located next to the Sava river there is a dedicated area for swimmers and bathers along the bank of the river about 200 meters upstream from the ferry crossing to Bosnia.

[edit] Economy and features

The village is largely agricultural as the soil around Jamena is very fertile, the main crops being corn, soy, wheat. The main stock breed and sold out of the village are hogs which are generally sold to large wholesalers for retail sale. The village contains 4 bars and 4 general stores as well as a local post office and a medical, dental and veterinary clinic.

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Bijeljina

Bijeljina (Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељина, IPA: [bîjɛʎina][2]) is a city and municipality in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city is the second largest in the Republika Srpska entity after Banja Luka and fifth largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is situated on the flat rich plains of Semberija. Bijeljina is the unofficial center of eastern part of Republika Srpska, with about 120,000-130,000 inhabitants. Bijeljina is located at 6 km (4 mi) from the border of Serbia and 40 km (25 mi) from Croatia. As a prolific lowland city makes one of the centers of production and trade of food. Bijeljina is recognized by the vast central square, which increases the beauty of a pleasant ambience of the City Park.

Contents

 [hide]

    1 History

        1.1 Prehistory and Antiquity

        1.2 Old Slavs

        1.3 Tavna Monastery

        1.4 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995

    2 Architecture

    3 Education

        3.1 Schools

        3.2 Universities

    4 Transportation

        4.1 Public Transport

        4.2 Bus routes

        4.3 Distances

    5 Geography

        5.1 Settlements

    6 Tourism

    7 Demographics

        7.1 1991

        7.2 Present

    8 Bijeljina Coat of Arms

    9 Saint’s Day

    10 Municipal subdivisions

    11 Sport

    12 Notable people from Bijeljina

    13 International relations

        13.1 Twin towns — Sister cities

    14 Gallery

    15 See also

    16 References

    17 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Prehistory and Antiquity

In the area of Bijeljina municipality so far ratified the oldest traces of human life come from the New Stone Age (5000 – 3000 years BC). Also there were found remains from the Neolithic period, Bronze and Iron Ages and antiquity. Investigated the sites of Gradac and farm in Batkovic, Glavičica, Kučerina the courts, Village in Kojčinovac, boats in the Triješnici, and from the ancient period was investigated at the site of a Roman villa in Prekaja Brodac, and in the Obarska the lead plates found in the cult uses to play 'Danubian horseman'.

[edit] Old Slavs

The most famous site that is explored here from both sides of the Bistrika between the village and Batkovic Ostojićevo and consisted of four sites in the period between the seventh and twelfth century. It is particularly important that the site Chelopek explored more complex metallurgical workshop village where they find ancestors in the eighth century, melted iron and manufactured iron tools, which clearly testifies to finding graphite pot which is kept in the Museum of Bijeljina. At this time a village in Bistrik, likely called Bistrica, there is no doubt the center of the parish which covered the entire valley before he came Bijeljina.

Petar Karađorđević I monument. He was the King of Serbia from 1903-1918.

Although the name Bijeljina was first mentioned in 1446, this name was in use only after 1918. During Austro-Hungarian period, the town had the name Bjelina and, before that, Belina or Bilina.

In 1838 the first confessional elementary school was opened. A modern school building was built in 1902. In this school worked Jovan Dučić between 1893-1895.[3] Jovan Dučić was a famous Hercegovinian Serb poet, writer and diplomat. Today a street in central Bijeljina is named after him.

In front of the city hall is a statue of King Petar Karađorđević. The monument is of the Serbian king from 1903-1918. During the Second World War the Ustaše removed it. After World War Two the communist government refused to return the monument. The first non-communist local government returned the monument in the early 1990s.

In its emerging Bijeljina has experienced its boom after joining up in Yugoslavia and especially in the second half of the 20th century, when it received a significant facilities for its economic and cultural development: the new factories, schools, medical facilities, cultural organizations and other important facilities social standards. The city is spatially expanded and grown into a modern resort.

New birth of Bijeljina is experienced in the late nineties and the first decade of the 21st century. After a population boom due to war events and population saturation and insufficient capacity of the city that was built in less need, today you can see re-building of Bijeljina in the big city. Popping up new settlements, roads, schools, universities, cultural institutions etc...

[edit] Tavna Monastery

The Tavna Monastery is located in the southern part of the Bijeljina municipality. The date of foundation is hidden somewhere in the shadows of the far past. The cronichles of monasteries Tronosha and Pech say it was built by Dragutin's sons Vladislav i Urosic. Stefan Dragutin was the King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and king of Srem from 1282 to 1316. The present church of monastery Tavna, is built in the same place as the original one. The Tavna Monastery is older than the other monasteries in the region such as Ozrena, Liplja, Vozuce and Gostovica. Tavna was damaged in the first years of Turkish rule, but was restored by the people. This was not the only time the monastery was damaged. It was damaged many times during the Turkish period and also during World War Two. Between 1941 and 1945 Tavna was bombed by the Ustase. On one of the gravestones it says "Zdravko Jovacnovic Killed 1943 by the Ustasa Blue Division protecting and defending the monastery". After World War Two Tavna was rebuilt.[4]

[edit] War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995

In early 1991-1992 Bijeljina was the center of the local Serb Autonomous Region, organized by the local Serb majority - SAO Semberija i Majevica.

Bijeljina was one of the first places to be dragged into the war, being located at a key strategic location. In the first days of April 1992, the town was attacked by Serb paramilitary groups led by Arkan. According to contemporary news reports, up to 1000 civilians were killed, and the non-Serb population was driven out.[5] This was one of the first instances of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is surmised that Bijeljina was attacked first because of its strategic location in the north-eastern corner of Bosnia near the Serbian border.[6] Bijeljina was then included in the Serb-proclaimed Republika Srpska.

During the war, Bijeljina saw a large influx of Serb refugees from other regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit] Architecture

Church in Bijeljina

Library in Bijeljina

Serbian Orthodox Church (Svetog Đorđa) Saint George which was built in 1872. The second oldest building is the Semberija. Museum which was built in 1876.

Basil of Ostrog Monastery In the center of Bijeljina is a newly built monastery (2001.) Dedicated to St. Basil of Ostrog. The bell tower with a clock of over 30 meters dominates the surroundings and a symbol of the monastery. As part of the monastery is a museum, dining room, library, hermitages for monks. Inside the temple is painted magnificent frescoes. It is particularly valuable copy Trojeručica miraculous icons, the gift from Hilandar monastery. In Bijeljina, also located the Holy Temple, the Church of St. Petka and the old Catholic church.

The City Park (Gradski Park) was founded in 1892.

Museum of Semberija began working as a museum collection 1972. And later grew into a museum facility with over 10,000 exhibits and 3 of the permanent exhibition. Located in the heart of the city, and it takes place and various cultural events.

The Library "Filip Višnjić" is the oldest cultural institution in Bijeljina - founded in 1932 year, thanks to prominent people and intellectuals. Played a major role in raising the cultural level of the construction and opening of reading rooms in rural villages of Semberija. Now located in a modern building and has over 100,000 books.

[edit] Education

[edit] Schools

Bijeljina University

The first literacy people in Semberija previously attending in the monasteries. In Bijeljina was the first primary school opened in 1838. After the World War II changed the school system, so that in 1951 opened the first elementary grade school, and 5 years later one more. The third and fourth elementary school opened 1959th, and 1966th year. From 1953. in the city there is a basic music school. Primary schools in Bijeljina are: OS Sveti Sava, OS Knez Ivo od Semberije, OS Vuk Karadžić, OS Jovan Dučić. In the city there are several high schools as "Gimnazija Filip Višnjić", music high school, agricultural school, the economic and technical schools.

[edit] Universities

University of Bijeljina has many faculty like Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Education and Faculty of Business Economics. The main private universities in the city are Slobomir P University and University Sinergija. With the construction of a large University building in Bijeljina, the city became one of the most important center for education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and campus for many students around the region.

[edit] Transportation

Bypass in Bijeljina

Bypass Map

The basic street network is dependent on the main routes: the M-14.1 Brcko-Zvornik and the M-18 Raca-Ugljevik. The complete road network in contact with the city and the urban traffic network is extremely radial orientation. She had eleven major transportation routes, which link directly to the city. Around the city is located bypass, but isn't fully completed. The main bus station in Bijeljina is located in the central zone of the city. The main bus station in Bijeljina is owned by Semberija Transport. From Bijeljina passengers can travel to other cities in the region as well as some cities in Europe such as Ljubljana, Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Zurich, Stockholm. There is only one railway line in Bijeljina. That railway line stretches from Bijeljina to Šid in Serbia. From Šid it joins another line going east towards Belgrade or going west to Croatia.

[edit] Public Transport

The main public transport system in Bijeljina is made up of bus routes that provide transportation from surrounding villages to the city center. Public passenger transport performed in Bijeljina 50 buses. There are 12 lines of public transport in the city. Price of one-way ticket is 1.5KM.

[edit] Bus routes

Line     Route

1          Bijeljina Center-Dvorovi

1G       Bijeljina Center-Koviljuša

2          Bijeljina Center-Velika Obarska

2G       Bijeljina Center-ATC

3          Bijeljina Center-Dijelovi

4          Bijeljina Center-Hase

5          Bijeljina Center-Popovi

6          Bijeljina Center-Janja

6A       Bijeljina Center-Novo nasalje Janja

7          Bijeljina Center-Amajlije

8          Bijeljina Center-Slobomir University

9          Bijeljina Center-Pučile

[edit] Distances

    Sarajevo: 210 kilometres (130 mi);

    Belgrade: 139 kilometres (86 mi);

    Banja Luka: 273 kilometres (170 mi);

    Vienna: 645 kilometres (401 mi);

    Budapest: 407 kilometres (253 mi).

[edit] Geography

Semberija is a flat region which is bound by the rivers Sava, Drina and the Majevica mountains.The entire Semberija area is typically an agricultural region which has fertile land and suitable weather conditions.

Semberija has the most developed agricultural area in Republika Srpska. The focus of the production is on wheat and corns, vegetables, cabbage, paprika, tomato and water-melon. Also, cattle-breeding (fattening of cows and pigs) and growing fruits.

[edit] Settlements

• Amajlije • Balatun • Banjica • Batar • Batković • Bijeljina • Bjeloševac • Brijesnica • Brodac Donji • Brodac Gornji • Bukovica Donja • Bukovica Gornja • Crnjelovo Donje • Crnjelovo Gornje • Čađavica Donja • Čađavica Gornja • Čađavica Srednja • Čardačine • Čengić • Ćipirovine • Dazdarevo • Dragaljevac Donji • Dragaljevac Gornji • Dragaljevac Srednji • Dvorovi • Glavičice • Glavičorak • Glogovac • Gojsovac • Golo Brdo • Hase • Janja • Johovac • Kacevac • Kojčinovac • Kovanluk • Kriva Bara • Ljeljenča • Ljeskovac • Magnojević Donji • Magnojević Gornji • Magnojević Srednji • Međaši • Modran • Novo Naselje • Novo Selo • Obrijež • Ostojićevo • Patkovača • Piperci • Popovi • Pučile • Ruhotina • Suho Polje • Triješnica • Trnjaci • Velika Obarska • Velino Selo • Vršani i Zagoni.

[edit] Tourism

Bijeljina by night

Bijeljina holds many events. Bijeljina holds an international Folklore Festival known as Semberija folk fest, Rhythm of Europe. The festival is held each year in the period 04-08. August. Mascot of the festival the Hedgehog as a symbol of good fellowship. The aim of the Festival is to cherish and promote the folklore tradition of the people from all over the world. Ethno village Stanišić is a well known tourist location in the country. Ethno village Stanišici takes people back in time making people closer to nature and ancestors, and making people admire the simplicity of rural life of the past. Ethno village Stanišić contains the Serbian Orthodox Monastery Sveti Nikola (St Nicolas), Hotel Pirg, and ethno restaurant.

The Dvorovi Spa is one of the most famous spas in the Republic of Srpska. The Dvorovi Spa was formed after the discovery of thermal water drilling for oil exploration 1957th in Semberija. The depth of the source is at 1435 meters, the water is oligomineral, and the thermal temperature is 75 ° S. Hotel Sveti Stefan, as well as full spa, heated with thermal water. Excellent chefs and friendly staff will welcome everyone in a hotel restaurant.

    SKUD Semberija at the Semberija folk fest in Bijeljina 2006

[edit] Demographics

[edit] 1991

At the 1991 census, Bijeljina municipality had 96,796 inhabitants, including:[7]

    57,541 (59%) Serbs (See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

    30,314 (34%) Bosniaks

    517 Croats (See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

    4,168 others

[edit] Present

At present (2005), the municipality has 105,000 inhabitants[8]

Many cities and much of the regional population emmigrates to Bijeljina, and the city has became a regional center with an increasing number of citizens. Today's (2010) estimates are that the city of Bijeljina has about 110,000 inhabitants, while the municipality has about 150,000 people, maybe more. Municipality and the city of Bijeljina are second by population in the Republic of Srpska - just behind the city of Banja Luka.

[edit] Bijeljina Coat of Arms

The two red lines on the shield represents the two rivers Sava and Drina. The image of the church represents the Serbian Orthodox Tavna Monastery. The person on the left represents Filip Višnjić (1767–1834) who was a popular poet and guslar (gusle player). The person on the right is Prince Ivo of Semberija, who lost all his property by ransoming slaves from the Ottoman Turks during the Serbian uprising against Ottoman rule. The crown has the image of the city hall. Maize and corn represents the main agricultural products of the region.

[edit] Saint’s Day

Bijeljina municipality's Saint is Saint Panteleimon (Sveti Pantelejmon).

[edit] Municipal subdivisions

Places in Bijeljina municipality: Amajlije, Balatun, Banjica, Batar, Batković, Bijeljina, Bjeloševac, Brijesnica, Brodac Donji, Brodac Gornji, Bukovica Donja, Bukovica Gornja, Crnjelovo Donje, Crnjelovo Gornje, Čađavica Donja, Čađavica Gornja, Čađavica Srednja, Čardačine, Čengić, Ćipirovine, Dazdarevo, Dragaljevac Donji, Dragaljevac Gornji, Dragaljevac Srednji, Dvorovi, Glavičice, Glavičorak, Glogovac, Gojsovac, Golo Brdo, Hase, Janja, Johovac, Kacevac, Kojčinovac, Kovanluk, Kriva Bara, Ljeljenča, Ljeskovac, Magnojević Donji, Magnojević Gornji, Magnojević Srednji, Međaši, Modran, Novo Naselje, Novo Selo, Obrijež, Ostojićevo, Patkovača, Piperci, Popovi, Dijelovi, Pučile, Ruhotina, Suho Polje, Triješnica, Trnjaci, Velika Obarska, Velino Selo, Vršani, Zagoni.

[edit] Sport

Football clubs: Bijeljina has one major stadium known as Bijeljina Gradski Stadion. That Stadium is home to FK Radnik Bijeljina, which plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first football was brought to Bijeljina in 1916. The first football club was FK Podrinje which was formed in 1919. Later came the clubs FK Zora in 1920, FK Građanski in 1923, and FK Semberija in 1935. After World War Two, FK Radnik Bijeljina was formed.

Basketball clubs: KK Budućnost Bijeljina, KK Radnik Bijeljina and KK Bijeljina Plus.

Volleyball club: OK Radnik Bijeljina which plays in the first division of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Mountaineering: Bijeljina has also the Hiking Club Majevica that exists more than twenty years. PED "Majevica" members for many years are marking recreational mountain path that starts from the Tavna Monastery to "Novakova pecina" where, there is a nice view of the straight Semberija and valley of the river by the name Tavna(Domana).

Boxing: Boxing is becoming ever popular in Bijeljina as its fighters and youth are becoming known as every event is held there, Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Scuba-diving Scuba diving is present in Bijeljina for quite some time. The first scuba-diving club formed in Bijeljina is called Ronilacki Klub "Panteri" (Panthers), and nowadays another club has been formed called "Nautilus". Both are participants of "Otvoreno prvenstvo Republike Srpske u ronjenju", which takes place every year.